scholarly journals VOLATILIZAÇÃO DE AMÔNIA PROVENIENTE DE UREIA PROTEGIDA EM BRAQUIÁRIA IRRIGADA

Irriga ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Alexia Morello da Silva Cascaldi ◽  
Rogério Teixeira de Faria ◽  
Luiz Fabiano Palaretti ◽  
Miquéias Gomes dos Santos ◽  
João Alberto Fischer Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Atmosphere System ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
E Mail

VOLATILIZAÇÃO DE AMÔNIA PROVENIENTE DE UREIA PROTEGIDA EM BRAQUIÁRIA IRRIGADA*     ALEXIA MORELLO DA SILVA CASCALDI1; ROGÉRIO TEIXEIRA DE FARIA1; LUIZ FABIANO PALARETTI1; MIQUÉIAS GOMES DOS SANTOS1; JOÃO ALBERTO FISCHER FILHO2 E JAIRO OSVALDO CAZETTA3   1Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) – Campus de Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane, s/n, Vila Industrial, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2 Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais – Unidade Frutal, Av. Professor Mário Palmerio, 1001, Bairro Universitário, 38200-000, Frutal, MG, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3Departamento de Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) – Campus de Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane, s/n, Vila Industrial, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] *O artigo foi gerado a partir da dissertação de mestrado do primeiro autor.     1 RESUMO   O nitrogênio é essencial para as culturas, entretanto seu aproveitamento está sujeito a perdas no sistema solo-planta-atmosfera. Assim, alguns compostos têm sido utilizados com o propósito de reduzir essas perdas, aumentando a eficiência dos fertilizantes nitrogenados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito da utilização do estabilizante de nitrogênio NZone Max® sobre as perdas de N por volatilização de amônia e lixiviação de nitrato, em cultivo de Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. O experimento foi conduzido em Jaboticabal - SP e os tratamentos consistiram em 4 lâminas de irrigação (0,20; 0,40; 0,60 e 0,80 da evapotranspiração de referência), com adição ou não de estabilizante de nitrogênio à ureia aplicada.  O delineamento experimental foi em faixa com parcela subdividida, com lâminas na parcela e estabilizante na subparcela, com 4 repetições. Foram medidos: taxa de volatilização de amônia, teores de nitrato, amônio, N-total e valores de pH e condutividade elétrica da solução do solo. A taxa de volatilização de amônia atingiu um máximo no terceiro dia após a adubação. Nesse momento, a menor lâmina apresentou a maior taxa de amônia volatilizada, enquanto que a maior lâmina foi a de menor volatilização. Não foi observado efeito significativo do NZone Max® nas variáveis analisadas.   Palavras-chave: nitrogênio, irrigação, pastagem, Urochloa brizantha.     CASCALDI, A. M. S.; FARIA, R. T.; PALARETTI, L. F.; SANTOS, M. G.; FISCHER FILHO, J. A.; CAZETTA, J. O. AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION FROM COATED UREA IN IRRIGATED BRACHIARIA CROP           2 ABSTRACT   Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for crops, however its use is subject to many losses in the soil-plant-atmosphere system. Thus, some compounds have been used for the purpose of reducing these losses, increasing the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers. The objective of this work was to verify the effect of NZone Max® nitrogen stabilizer on N losses through ammonia volatilization and nitrate leaching, in an Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu crop. A field experiment was carried out in Jaboticabal – SP, and treatments consisted of 4 irrigation depths (0.20, 0.40, 0.60 and 0.80 of the reference evapotranspiration), with and without nitrogen stabilizer added to applied urea. The treatments were arranged in a split-plot strip design, with irrigation depths in the plot and stabilizer in the subplot, with 4 replications. The following variables were measured: ammonia volatilization rate, nitrate, ammonium, N-total, pH ​​and electrical conductivity of the soil solution. The volatilization rate of ammonia reached the highest values on the third day after fertilization. At that moment, the lower irrigation depth presented a higher rate of volatilized ammonia, while the higher depth presented the lowest volatilization. There was no significant effect of NZone Max® for the analyzed variables.   Keywords: nitrogen, irrigation, pasture, Urochloa brizantha.

Yield and chlorophyll index in cabbage in function of enhanced-efficiency nitrogen fertilizers and urea

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
J. J. Frazão ◽  
A. R. Silva ◽  
F. H. M. Salgado ◽  
R. A. Flores ◽  
E. P. F. Brasil
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Sources ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Applied Dose ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Chlorophyll Index ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea ◽  
N Rates ◽  
And Control

The increase of the efficiency of the nitrogen fertilization promotes reduction of the applied dose and decreases the losses of nitrogen (N) to the environment. The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield and the relative chlorophyll index (IRC) in cabbage crop under cover fertilization, using enhanced-efficiency nitrogen fertilizers, compared to urea, in variable doses. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 3x4+1 factorial scheme (three sources, four rates and control), with four replications. The N sources used were: common urea (U), urea treated with urease inhibitor NBPT® (UN) and Kimcoat® polymer coated urea (UK). The N rates used were 0, 40, 80, 160 and 320 kg ha-1, divided in two fertilizations at 20 and 40 days after transplantation. Up to 160 kg ha-1 of N, there was no difference between N sources and N rates for both yield and RCI. The enhanced-efficiency N sources (UN and UK) promoted higher averages compared to common urea, possibly due to the higher N losses from common urea. Thus, the use of urease inhibitors or polymers associated with urea is a promising strategy to improve cabbage yield, as well as reducing N losses to the environment.

scholarly journals CONSEQUENCES OF Cu and Zn COATED UREA TO MINIMIZE AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (6-12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Kalsoom Babar ◽  
Mohd Khanif Yusop ◽  
Shakeel Ahmed Babar ◽  
Aijaz Ali Khooharo
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Nh3 Volatilization ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Cu And Zn

Nitrogen (N) losses from agricultural fields are commonly observed particularly from urea. The rate of urea hydrolysis is accelerated as it remains in conventional form and about 70% of applied urea losses in different forms to atmosphere. Ammonia volatilization is persuasive loss among all the losses from urea. Therefore to minimize ammonia (NH3) volatilization the micronutrient coated urea is applied to enhance N-efficiency and its uptake. This study is an application of micronutrient coated urea with zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) for two soil series of Malaysia. A laboratory experiment was designed according to the force draft technique for trapping the NH3 loss. The results have manifested that the rate of ammonia volatilization was 16% from uncoated urea and 8% from coated urea with micronutrients during the first two weeks of observations. After the six weeks of observations it was perceived that the ammonia losses for both soil series were gradually decreased with time. The mean comparison by using Tukey’s range test has shown the positive effect of micronutrient coated urea in comparison with the conventional urea. However the urea coated with the combination of both micronutrients Cu and Zn has shown significant difference in contrast to the coating urea with single micronutrient. The overall results revealed the efficacy of micronutrient coated urea on both of the soil series to maximize N-uptake and reduce NH3 volatilization.

Effect of nitrogen fertilizers on ammonia volatilization in wild blueberry production

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 1383-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Thyssen ◽  
David Percival ◽  
David Burton ◽  
Kevin Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Wild Blueberry ◽  
Key Words Nitrogen

Environmental losses of soil-applied N-fertilizers through ammonia volatilization were examined. Volatilization trials were established in the vegetative phase of wild blueberry production in Nova Scotia (NS) and Prince Edward Island (PE) in 2004 and 2005. Treatments consisted of no fertilizer (control) and N applications (35 kg N ha-1) of ammonium sulphate (AS), diammonium phosphate (DAP), urea (U) and sulphur coated urea (SCU). When compared with the control, results indicated significantly elevated volatilization rates for U (303% NS in 2004, 274% PE in 2005), SCU (273% NS in 2004, 205% PE in 2005) and DAP (178% PE in 2005). Results indicate that volatilization losses are significant, site specific and may contribute to reductions in nutrient availability. Key words: Nitrogen, wild blueberry, environmental losses, ammonia, volatilization

scholarly journals Ammonia volatilization and yield components after application of polymer-coated urea to maize

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1200-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Zavaschi ◽  
Letícia de Abreu Faria ◽  
Godofredo Cesar Vitti ◽  
Carlos Antonio da Costa Nascimento ◽  
Thiago Augusto de Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea ◽  
Spad Readings

A form of increasing the efficiency of N fertilizer is by coating urea with polymers to reduce ammonia volatilization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of polymer-coated urea on the control of ammonia volatilization, yield and nutritional characteristics of maize. The experiment was carried out during one maize growing cycle in 2009/10 on a Geric Ferralsol, inUberlândia, MG, Brazil. Nitrogen fertilizers were applied as topdressing on the soil surface in the following urea treatments: polymer-coated urea at rates of 45, 67.5 and 90 kg ha-1 N and one control treatment (no N), in randomized blocks with four replications. Nitrogen application had a favorable effect on N concentrations in leaves and grains, Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter readings and on grain yield, where as coated urea had no effect on the volatilization rates, SPAD readings and N leaf and grain concentration, nor on grain yield in comparison to conventional fertilization.

scholarly journals Ammonia volatilization of urea in the out-of-season corn

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1685-1694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamilton Seron Pereira ◽  
Anabelisa Ferreira Leão ◽  
Adriana Verginassi ◽  
Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Urease Activity ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Urease Inhibitors ◽  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea

The aim of this study was to evaluate the N losses due to volatilization at different rates of common urea, polymer coated urea and urease inhibitor-treated urea in the out-of-season corn, using semi-open static collectors. The treatments consisted of N levels on side-dressing fertilization with urea in different treatments: (a) control (without N), (b) urea 40 kg ha-1 N, (c) urea 80 kg ha-1 N, (d) polymer coated urea 40 kg ha-1 N, (e) polymer coated urea 80 kg ha-1 N and (f) urea with the urease inhibitor (UI) N 80 kg ha-1 N. The results showed that the treatments with polymer coated urea and with urease inhibitor-treated urea reduced the volatilization of N around 50 % compared to common urea, either in the first and the second N side-dressing fertilizations. Thus, they demonstrate that the polymer coat and the urease inhibitors were effective in reducing the volatilization of urea N applied in coverage, which resulted in higher productivity. There was also increasing urease activity in the treatments with application of common urea.

scholarly journals Ammonia volatilization from nitrogen fertilizers in no-till wheat and maize in southern Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1515-1525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Viero ◽  
Cimélio Bayer ◽  
Sandra Mara Vieira Fontoura ◽  
Renato Paulo de Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Sources ◽  
South Central ◽  
No Till

Crop residues on the soil surface of no-till systems can intensify ammonia volatilization from N fertilizers applied to cereal crops. This study assessed the magnitude of N losses through ammonia volatilization from urea applied to no-till winter (wheat) and summer crops (maize) on a Typic Hapludox in the south-central region of Paraná, southern Brazil. In addition, the potential of alternative N sources (urea with urease inhibitor, liquid fertilizer, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate) and different urea managements (fertilizer applied in the morning or afternoon) were evaluated. Two experiments with maize and wheat were carried out for two years, arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. Nitrogen volatilization losses were assessed with a semi-open static collector until 21 days after fertilization. In winter, the losses were low (<5.5 % of applied N) for all N sources, which were not distinguishable, due to the low temperatures. In the summer, volatilization rates from urea were higher than in the winter, but did not exceed 15 % of applied N. The main factor decreasing N losses in the summer was the occurrence of rainfall in the first five days after fertilization. Urea with urease inhibitor, nitrate and ammonium sulfate were efficient to decrease ammonia volatilization in maize, whereas the application time (morning or afternoon) had no influence.

scholarly journals Ammonia volatilization and yield of corn fertilized with different nitrogen sources in the Brazilian semiarid

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wadson de Menezes Santos ◽  
Bruno José Rodrigues Alves ◽  
Segundo Urquiaga ◽  
Edson Patto Pacheco ◽  
Inácio de Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Nh3 Volatilization ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Sources ◽  
Coated Urea

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the use of different nitrogen fertilizers on N losses by NH3 volatilization and on the grain yield of a corn (Zea mays) crop grown in the semiarid region of the state of Sergipe, Brazil. Corn was managed under rainfed conditions and conventional tillage. The fertilization treatments were: sulfur-coated urea (SU) and organo-mineral-coated urea (OMU). Regular urea and ammonium sulfate (AS) were also included as a reference of N sources of high and low NH3-volatilization potential, as well as a control without N fertilization. The N sources were applied to the soil surface at a rate of 150 kg ha-1 N as side-dressing at the V5 growth stage of corn. The experiment was carried out in 2015 and repeated in 2016. Losses of N through NH3 volatilization differed among the N sources in the two study years, with AS presenting the lowest N losses and regular urea, the highest. In the area treated with OMU, losses by NH3 volatilization were consistently controlled, showing a reduction of 74 and 67% in relation to that of regular urea in both years. SU, however, only mitigated NH3-N losses in 2015, increasing them in 2016, compared with regular urea. Corn plant grain yield and N status, assessed by the index leaf, did not clearly reflect N losses by NH3 volatilization. For the semiarid of Sergipe, OMU is the best urea-based fertilizer to mitigate N losses by NH3 volatilization, and the use of AS is an alternative to increase corn yield and eliminate N losses as NH3.

Agronomic Evaluation of Coated Urea to Reduce Ammonia Volatilization from Side-dress Applications to Corn

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. CM-2013-0117-01-RS
Author(s):  
William Hunter Frame ◽  
Marcus M. Alley ◽  
Wade Thomason ◽  
Garnett Whitehurst ◽  
Brooks Whitehurst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Agronomic Evaluation ◽  
Coated Urea

scholarly journals Soil solution and plant nitrogen on irrigated rice under controlled release nitrogen fertilizers

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Antolini Veçozzi ◽  
Rogério Oliveira de Sousa ◽  
Walkyria Bueno Scivittaro ◽  
Cristiano Weinert ◽  
Victor Raul Cieza Tarrillo
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea ◽  
N Use

ABSTRACT: A study was conducted to evaluate the solubilization and nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) of controlled release nitrogen fertilizers in irrigated rice, compared to urea. It was developed under semi-controlled conditions, including five treatments: Control, Splitted Urea (pre-sowing and topdressing), Pre-sowing urea, and Polymer Coated Urea (PCU) with 60-day and 90-day release. PCUs did not maintain high NH4 + and NO3 - levels in solution over a longer period than urea. NUE of PCUs was similar to uncoated urea, not increasing nutrient release in irrigated rice field.

Management of fertilizer nitrogen for direct-sown, rainfed lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.)

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Panda ◽  
R. N. Samantaray ◽  
S. Patnaik
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Band Placement ◽  
Flood Water ◽  
Broadcast Application ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Coated Urea

SummaryField experiments were conducted in wet seasons (June-December) for 4 years on a clay loam Haplaquept, to study the effects of different N management practices on yield, urea and ammonium-N in flood water and N nutrition of an clite rice cv. CR 1009, grown in rainfed lowlands. During the first 3 years of the experiment, fertilizer management practices like band placement of neem-cake-coated urea (NCU), broadcast application of sulphur-coated urea (SCU) at sowing, or point placement of urea supergranules (USG) 3 weeks after germination at 40 kg N/ha gave grain yields of 3·1–3·4 t·ha, which were almost equal to that of split application of prilled urea (PU). In the 4th year of the experiment, besides NCU and USG, single dose applications of PU as band placement, incorporation in the soil at sowing or broadcast incorporation of soil-treated urea at early tillering was also found to have similar effect on grain yield and N uptake as split application of PU. The flood water of the treatment receiving broadcast application of PU at tillering contained some urea and ammonium N, which rapidly decreased to negligible amounts in 3·4 days.The results suggest that, depending upon the feasibility, any one of the single dose application methods at sowing time or 3 weeks after germination may be adopted in this system of rice culture, which avoids top-dressing of PU to surface flowing flood water of greater depths at later stages of crop growth.

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