FISIOLOGIA, PRODUÇÃO E QUALIDADE DE FRUTOS DA MANGUEIRA ‘TOMMY ATKINS’ SOB DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO

FISIOLOGIA, PRODUÇÃO E QUALIDADE DE FRUTOS DA MANGUEIRA ‘TOMMY ATKINS’ SOB DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO WELSON LIMA SIMÕES1; VICTOR PIMENTA MARTINS DE ANDRADE2; MARIA APARECIDA DO CARMO MOUCO3; JUCICLÉIA SOARES DA SILVA4; NILDO DA SILVA DIAS5 E PEDRO PAULO BEZERRA FERREIRA6 1 Pesquisador – Embrapa Semiárido. BR 428, Km 152, CEP: 56302-970, Petrolina-PE [email protected] 2 Engenheiro agrônomo – IF Sertão/PE. BR 428, CEP: 56380-000, Santa Maria da Boa Vista-PE. [email protected] 3 Pesquisadora – Embrapa Semiárido. BR 428, Km 152, CEP: 56302-970, Petrolina-PE. [email protected] 4 Pós-doutoranda – Embrapa Semiárido. BR 428, Km 152, CEP: 56302-970, Petrolina-PE. [email protected] 5 Docente, Departamento de Ciências Agronômicas e Florestais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-árido, BR 116, km 47, 572, Costa e Silva, CEP: 59625-900, Mossoró-RN. [email protected] 6 Doutorando em Botânica – Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, CEP: 52171-900, Recife-PE. [email protected] 1 RESUMO Considerando a grande expressão econômica na produtividade da manga para a agricultura brasileira e a dependência da irrigação, que viabiliza o seu elevado cultivo no semiárido, objetivou-se avaliar a influência de arranjos de sistemas de irrigação na fisiologia, produtividade e qualidade dos frutos da mangueira cultivar ‘Tommy Atkins’ no Semiárido brasileiro. Foram testados quatro arranjos do sistema de irrigação (um microaspersor sob a copa – MPP; um microaspersor entre plantas – MEP; duas linhas laterais com gotejadores por fileira de planta - G2L e uma faixa de gotejo em formato de anel ou espiral - GRP ao redor da planta) sob um delineamento em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro arranjos como parcelas e dois ciclos produtivos como subparcelas, com cinco repetições. Foram avaliados os parâmetros fisiológicos (temperatura foliar, fotossíntese, transpiração e condutância estomática), de produção (número e produtividade e peso médio de frutos) e parâmetros da qualidade (densidade, volume, firmeza da polpa, teor de sólidos solúveis totais e acidez total titulável). As mangueiras submetidas aos tratamentos GRP e G2L apresentaram maior condutância estomática e melhores índices de qualidade e produção de frutos em relação aos arranjos MEP e MPP, exceto para os sólidos solúveis totais. Palavras-chave: manga, irrigação localizada, fitotecnia. SIMÕES, W. L; ANDRADE, V. P. M. de; MOUCO, M. A. do C.; SILVA, J. S. da; DIAS, N. da S.; FERREIRA, P. P. B. PHISIOLOGY, PRODUCTION AND QUALITY OF ‘TOMMY ATKINS’ MANGO FRUITS UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION SYSTEMS 2 ABSTRACT Considering the great economic expression in the productivity of mango for Brazilian agriculture and the dependence on irrigation, which enables its high cultivation in the semiarid region, the objective was to evaluate the influence of irrigation system arrangements on the physiology, productivity and quality of the mango fruit cultivate 'Tommy Atkins' in the Brazilian Semiarid. Four arrangements of the irrigation system were tested (a micro sprinkler under the canopy - MPP; a micro sprinkler between plants - MEP; two lateral lines with drippers per row of plant - G2L and a drip band in the shape of a ring or spiral - GRP around of the plant) under a split plot design, with four arrangements as plots and two production cycles as subplots, with five replications. Physiological parameters (leaf temperature, photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance), production (number and productivity and average fruit weight) and quality parameters (density, volume, pulp firmness, total soluble solids content and total acidity) were evaluated titratable). The hoses submitted to the GRP and G2L treatments showed higher stomatal conductance and better quality and fruit production indexes in relation to the MEP and MPP arrangements, except for the total soluble solids. Keywords: mango, localized irrigation, plant breeding.

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HONEY BEE CONTRIBUTION TO ‘BORDÔ’ GRAPEVINE FRUIT PRODUCTION IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452017155 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

MIRELI MARTIGNAGO ◽

RAFAEL MARTINS ◽

BIRGIT HARTER-MARQUES

Keyword(s):

Apis Mellifera ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Pollinating Insects ◽

Important Quality ◽

Commercially Important

ABSTRACT The production of fruits and seeds of many crops is increased when bees visit their flowers pollinating them. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different pollination treatments on ‘Bordô’ grapevine (Vitis labrusca L.) fruit quantity and quality. Quantitative and qualitative fruit production parameters of plants visited by Apis mellifera L., manually self- and cross-pollinated plants and plants without pollination were analyzed and compared. Fruit production was high for all treatments and all fruits presented four seeds per fruit, on average, confirming that this grape cultivar is autogamous. However, fruit set after spontaneous self-pollination was statistically lower than that of all other treatments, and pollination by A. mellifera showed the highest fruit production. Furthermore, pollination by honey bees resulted in increased biomass, reflected on fruit weight, but the content of soluble solids remained unchanged. The results of this study showed that there is no need of pollinators for fruit production of ‘Bordô’ cv., but the presence of these agents, in particular Apis mellifera, influences commercially important quality parameters such as fruit yield and fresh weight. Therefore, the use of bee hives in areas with deficit of pollinating insects may promote an improvement in yield and quality of this cultivar.

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Effect of Potassium Levels on Productivity and Fruit Quality of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)

Journal of Agricultural Studies ◽

10.5296/jas.v6i1.12262 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 102 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sofonias Hagos Woldemariam ◽

Sewa Lal ◽

Daniel Z. Zelelew ◽

Mulugheta T. Solomon

Keyword(s):

Specific Gravity ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Dry Matter ◽

High Energy ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Total Soluble Solids ◽

Yield And Quality

Potassium has significant effect on quantity and quality of tomato yield because of its vital roles in photosynthesis, favoring high energy status and appropriate nutrient translocation and water uptake in plants. However, little is understood or it is being overlooked under Eritrean condition. Besides, poor soil fertility is among the major production constraints in Eritrea. The field experiment was therefore conducted to investigate the effect of potassium levels on productivity and fruit quality of tomato at Hamelmalo, Eritrea. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design with nine potassium levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350 and 400 kg K2O/ha) replicated thrice. Data was collected on yield and fruit quality parameters and they were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (1-way ANOVA). The results of this study revealed that potassium had significant effect in all yield and quality parameters studied. Fruit diameter, fruit weight per plant, total yield, total soluble solids, specific gravity and fruit dry matter content showed significant increase with an increase in potassium level from 0 to 150 kg K2O/ha and thereafter decreased while fruit moisture content was increased in the range of 150 - 400 kg K2O/ha. As a result, highest fruit weight (1.39 kg/plant), fruit yield (15.45 t/ha), total soluble solids (3.84 oBrix), specific gravity, (1.46) and fruit dry matter (5.68%) were recorded from 150 kg K2O/ha. Therefore it is recommended that potassium fertilizers should be used and balanced NPK fertilizers should be applied to improve yield and quality of tomato produced.

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Quality of papaya hybrid grown under different irrigation depths

Engenharia Agrícola ◽

10.1590/s0100-69162013000400025 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 865-875 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mônica S. da Silva ◽

Alberto S. de Melo ◽

Juarez P. Pedroza ◽

Josivanda P. Gomes ◽

Sebastião de Oliveira M. Júnior

Keyword(s):

Titratable Acidity ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Replacement Rate ◽

Productive Potential ◽

Irrigation Depth ◽

Brazilian Northeast ◽

Longitudinal Diameter

Irrigation is a practice widely used in fruit production in the Brazilian Northeast region, including in the papaya crop in order to increase their productivity. For the purpose of knowing the productive potential of papaya hybrid irrigated, an experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the performance of a papaya hybrid under different irrigations depths. Four irrigation depths (50, 75, 100 and 125% of ETo) were tested and the reference evapotranspiration was calculated by the Penman-Monteith model. The hybrid papaya used was UENF/Caliman 01, which was planted in single rows, spaced 4 x 2m from each other, and irrigated by dripping. The experimental design in randomized blocks was used with six replications and three plants per plot. The following variables were evaluated: transversal diameter, longitudinal diameter, pulp thickness, external and internal appearances, soluble solids, titratable acidity, pulp pH and soluble solids/titratable acidity relation. The higher transversal and longitudinal diameters of the fruit were obtained applying an irrigation depth of about 108% of evapotranspiration. The UENF/Caliman 01 hybrid can be cultivated in the semiarid region of the State of Paraiba, Brazil, with replacement rate of 100% ETo, without compromising the quality of the fruits.

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DESEMPENHO DE CULTIVARES DE TOMATE ITALIANO DE CRESCIMENTO DETERMINADO EM CULTIVO PROTEGIDO SOB ALTAS TEMPERATURAS

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v9i4.10945 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 359-356

Author(s):

Daiane Andréia Trento ◽

Darley Tiago Antunes ◽

Flávio Fernandes Júnior ◽

Márcio Roggia Zanuzo ◽

Rivanildo Dallacort ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Production Quality ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Postharvest Quality ◽

Lycopersicum Esculentum ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Total Soluble Solids ◽

Determinate Growth ◽

Tomato Cultivars

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a produção, a qualidade e tempo de prateleira de cultivares de tomate tipo italiano de crescimento determinado, produzidos sob ambiente protegido em condições de altas temperaturas. O cultivo foi realizado em Nova Mutum – MT, foram avaliados cinco cultivares: Fascínio (Feltrin sementes), Hy Color (Horticeres), Santa Adélia (TopSeed), SM-16 (Seminis) e Supera F1 (TopSeed), dispostos em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. As plantas foram conduzidas em “meia estaca” e não foram podadas. Os parâmetros avaliados foram relativos a produção, a qualidade dos frutos, tempo de prateleira e qualidade no pós-colheita. A cultivar Fascínio apresentou produtividade de 186,1 t ha-1, maior massa média de frutos (144,3g), maior calibre de fruto, (60,7mm), e menor perda de massa no pós-colheita (6,23%). Os melhores resultados de sólidos solúveis totais dos frutos que completaram a maturação na planta foram obtidos das cultivares Santa Adélia (4,3), Fascínio (4,27) e Hy Color (4,21), e dos frutos colhidos no estádio verde-maduro obteve destaque a cultivar Santa Adélia (5,85), e os frutos que ficaram em temperatura ambiente obtiveram maior média de sólidos solúveis totais (5,55). Palavras-chave: termotolerância; Lycopersicum esculentum Mill; produtividade; pós colheita; ambiente protegido. The performance of determinate growth italian tomato cultivars in protected cropping under high temperatures ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the production, quality and shelf time of determinate growth Italian tomato cultivars from a protected environment under high temperature conditions. The cultivation was conducted in Nova Mutum, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Five cultivars were evaluated: ‘Fascínio’ (Feltrin Sementes), ‘Hy Color’ (Horticeres), ‘Santa Adélia’ (TopSeed), ‘SM-16’ (Seminis) and ‘Supera F1’ (TopSeed), disposed in randomized blocks with four repetitions. The plants were managed into the “meia estaca” tutoring method and were not pruned. The parameters evaluated were related to the production, quality of fruits, shelf time and postharvest quality. The ‘Fascínio’ cultivar presented productivity of 186.1 t ha-1, the largest average fruit weight (144.3 g), the largest fruit gauge (60.7 mm) and the smallest postharvest weight loss (6.23%). The total soluble solids best results of fruits that have matured in the plant were obtained from the ‘Santa Adélia’ (4.3), ‘Fascínio’ (4.27) e ‘Hy Color’ (4.21) cultivars. Among the fruits harvested at the mature-green stage, the ‘Santa Adélia’ (5.85) cultivar stood out. The fruits that stayed at room temperature obtained the largest total soluble solids average (5.55). Keywords: thermotolerance; Lycopersicum esculentum Mill; productivity; postharvest; protected environment.

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Wood-based biochar for small fruit production in southern Quebec, Canada

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.1139/cjss-2020-0152 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xuan Shang ◽

Chih-Yu Hung ◽

Barry Husk ◽

Valerie Orsat ◽

Joann K. Whalen

Keyword(s):

Soil Quality ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

First Year ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Small Fruit

The market for small fruits (grapes, blueberries, strawberries, and raspberries) is valued at more than CAD100 million per year in Quebec, Canada. Wood-based biochar is an amendment that improves soil quality, which may boost small fruit growth and production. The objective of this research was to determine if wood-based biochar could increase the yield and quality of grape, blueberry, strawberry, and raspberry in southern Quebec. We evaluated the fruit yield as well as the quality parameters like average fruit weight, fruit firmness, color, juice pH, total soluble solids, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. Field trials were established on commercial farms with grape, blueberry, strawberry, and raspberry production systems in plots that received wood-based biochar and no biochar in spring (April to May). Small fruits were harvested at their ripening stage for yield and quality evaluation in fall (July to October). Biochar application did not improve yield and quality parameters of small fruits except it gave a marginal higher yield of grape (3.7 vs. 4.4 t ha-1, P = 0.08) and a higher average fruit weight of strawberry (11.9 vs. 13.2 g, P < 0.05). There was no difference in the quality of the fruit from biochar-amended and control plots in the first year of biochar application, possibly because the quality parameters are affected more by weather conditions, handling, and storage than by soil quality. This work suggests that wood-based biochar (<5 t ha-1) has a limited first-year impact on small fruit yield and quality in southern Quebec, Canada.

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QUALITY OF IRRIGATED APPLES IN THE SEMIARID REGION OF THE NORTHEAST OF BRAZIL

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252017v30n324rc ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 760-767 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

CÍNTIA PATRÍCIA MARTINS DE OLIVEIRA ◽

WELSON LIMA SIMÕES ◽

JOSÉ ALIÇANDRO BEZERRA SILVA ◽

PAULO ROBERTO COELHO LOPES ◽

JOSTON SIMÃO ASSIS

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Organoleptic Characteristics ◽

Apple Cultivars ◽

Water Depths

ABSTRACT The great solar radiation in the Brazilian semiarid region, combined with an adequate irrigation management, favors fruit production and quality of crops that were adapted to this region. The objective of this work was to evaluate the fruit quality of two apple cultivars grown in the Sub-Mid São Francisco River Valley under different irrigation water depths. A complete randomized block experimental design in a split -plot arrangement with five replications was used. The plots consisted of four irrigation water depths (ID) (60, 80, 100 and 120% of the reference evapotranspiration - ETo), the subplots consisted of two apple cultivars (C) (Julieta and Princesa) and the sub-subplots consisted of fruit positions in the tree canopies (FP) (east and west sides). The soluble solids content (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, pulp firmness (PF) and fresh weight (FW) of the fruits were evaluated. The factors evaluated showed no triple interaction between the evaluated factors, however, the SS and TA were significantly affected by them; the interaction between ID and C significantly affected the PF; the interaction between ID and FP significantly affected the PF, SS/TA ratio and FW; and the interaction between C and FP significantly affected the SS/TA ratio. The increase in water depth increased the fruit size of both cultivars, without compromising the post-harvest quality. The cultivar Princesa presented the best results regarding SS, TA, PF and FW, however, both cultivars had organoleptic characteristics within the recommended standards for commercialization. The fruits harvested on the west side presented better post-harvest quality.

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FRUIT PHYSICO-CHEMICAL QUALITY PARAMETERS OF NEW INTRODUCED APPLE CULTIVARS

FRUIT GROWING RESEARCH ◽

10.33045/fgr.v37.2021.06 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (37) ◽

pp. 39-44

Author(s):

Madalina Militaru ◽

◽

Victor Bucarciuc ◽

Madalina Butac ◽

Eugenia Maresi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Apple Fruit ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Total Soluble Solids ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Resistant Varieties ◽

Fruit Samples ◽

Apple Cultivars

The apple fruit is the second most frequently consumed, after bananas and some quality characteristics like size, gloss, color, and aroma influenced directly the flesh consumption. In this study, the external (weight, size, skin colour) and internal (firmness, total soluble solids, acidity, pH) fruit quality attributes were measured experimentally before the storage, using well defined techniques. 'Corelita', 'Coreal', 'Corealor', 'Coredova', 'Corejuno', 'Coretard', 'Coreagat', 'Coreor' and 'Coreprim' cultivars were registered, in the last 15 years, by Practical Scientific Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies Chișinău, Republic of Moldova, as scab resistant varieties. The orchard trial was established at the Research Institute for Fruit Growing Pitesti, Romania in the spring 2014 on MM106 rootstock, at the spacing of 3.5 x 2 m and fruit samples were analyzed in 2019, 2020 and 2021 seasons. All studied cultivars were harvested before 'Florina' cv., used as control. Fruit weight was quite variable among genotypes, between 115.15 g at 'Coreal' cv. and 212.41 g at 'Corejuno', and most of the cultivars had smaller fruits than 'Florina' cv. Firmness and total soluble solids varied from 70.5 to 82.61 N and 12.77 to 16.77%Brix. The Hunter color values L, a, b, were found to be in the range of 46.12 to 56.76, - 6.46 to 14, 13.75 to 23.72, respectively. The data about the external and internal fruit quality of new Moldavian scab resistant apple cultivars are useful for growers, in order to introduce in the new orchards only cultivars with high quality fruits.

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Phenology, Canopy Composition, and Fruit Quality of Yellow Pitaya in Tropical Taiwan

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.46.11.1497 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 46 (11) ◽

pp. 1497-1502 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yi-Lu Jiang ◽

Tzong-Shyan Lin ◽

Ching-Lung Lee ◽

Chung-Ruey Yen ◽

Wen-Ju Yang

Keyword(s):

Fruit Production ◽

Late Spring ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Total Soluble Solids ◽

Fruit Thinning ◽

The Core ◽

Canopy Composition ◽

Black Seeds ◽

Summer Fruit

Yellow pitaya, Selenicereus megalanthus (Schum. ex. Vaupel) Moran, is a potential new fruit in Taiwan. It sprouts mostly in winter and flowers in late spring and fall. In this study, an average of 60% shoots within canopies flowered. Shoots sprouted in the current winter flowered in fall and produced winter fruits, and shoots sprouted earlier than the current winter flowered in late spring and produced summer fruits. Floral buds on most shoots appeared at the distal end. The weight, pulp percentage, and total soluble solids of winter fruits were significantly higher than those of summer fruits. The number of black seeds was positively correlated with pulp weight (R2 = 0.87). The total soluble solids in the core region of winter fruits reached 22.7 °Brix, higher than that in other regions. Future efforts to improve yellow pitaya production in Taiwan include increasing winter fruit production by enhancing growth of the current year's new shoots through proper canopy management and increasing the size of summer fruit by artificial pollination, fruit thinning, and other means.

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OPTIMIZING WATER PRODUCTIVITY, YIELD AND QUALITY OF GRAPEFRUIT IRRIGATED BY BUBBLER AND SURFACE IRRIGATION UNDER KHARTOUM STATE SUDAN CONDITIONS

AGROFOR ◽

10.7251/agreng1801018a ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ahmed Al-KHALIFA B. AHMED ◽

Shaker BABIKER AHMED ◽

Mohamed A. ALI ◽

Adil Y. YAGOUB

Keyword(s):

Irrigation System ◽

Water Productivity ◽

Total Yield ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Surface Irrigation ◽

Marginal Rate ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Irrigation Interval

The experiment was carried out in the private orchards at Tayba Alhasnab area ofsouth Khartoum State, in Sudan during 2012 and 2013 to evaluate the waterproductivity, yield and quality of foster grapefruit irrigated by bubbler and surfaceirrigation system. Irrigation interval was 5 days in bubbler irrigation system andevery 7 to12 days in surface irrigation system depending on the prevailing weatherconditions. The results revealed that higher yield and number of fruits was obtainedon bubbler irrigation system compared to surface irrigation system. Moreover,bubbler irrigation system increased the total yield of foster grapefruit by 28% and25%, respectively as compared to surface irrigation system. Applying irrigatedwater under bubbler irrigation system improved the quality parameters of fostergrapefruit such as fruit diameter recorded significant differences on bubblerirrigation system compared with surface irrigation system in both years, fruitweight and peel thickness recorded significant differences (P≤0.001) betweenbubbler irrigation system and surface irrigation system on finger weight, but ondifferences in peel thickness in both years, total soluble solids of foster grapefruitirrigated by bubbler irrigation system were significantly higher (P≤ 0.001)compared with surface irrigation system in both years.However, bubbler irrigation system saved irrigation water by 68% and 71% andhad highest water productivity (2.9 and 2.7 kg/m3) compared to surface irrigationsystem (0.67 and 0.68 kg/m3). Also highest marginal rate of return was obtainedwith bubbler irrigation system compared to surface irrigation.

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Effect of nano zeolite and potassium permanganate on shelf life and quality of cut apple

International Journal of Life Sciences ◽

10.3126/ijls.v9i2.12050 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 55-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Fereshteh Khosravi ◽

Mahdyeh Khosravi ◽

Elnaz Pourseyedi

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Shelf Life ◽

Potassium Permanganate ◽

Life Sciences ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Total Soluble Solids ◽

Preserved Fruit

In the present study the extended storage life of cut apples (Red Delicious) examined using nano zeolite particles and potassium permanganate. Titratable acidity, total soluble solids, pH and weight loss was measured .Visual observations of fruits during storage were investigated. The results showed that pH, soluble solids and fruit weight loss has increased during storage. The acidity of fruits stored with nano zeolite was less decreased as compared with potassium permanganate. The growth of moulds on preserved fruit with nano zeolite was much less after 10 days of storage as compared with potassium permanganate.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i2.12050 International Journal of Life Sciences 9 (2) : 2015; 55-60

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