scholarly journals Names of Russian Charity: idem vs. alium

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4 (202)) ◽  
pp. 273-292
Author(s):  
Olesya D. Surikova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Abstract Nouns ◽  
Russian Media ◽  
Charitable Activities ◽  
The Needy ◽  
The Russian Language

This paper provides a linguistic analysis of abstract nouns belonging to the lexical-semantic field “Gratuitous Assistance to the Needy” and denoting the situation of charitable activities in general — благотворительность, донорство, меценатство, and филантропия. All of them are synonyms; they are defined through each other in dictionary entries and are often used as absolute equivalents. This impedes uncontradictory terminologisation of the language of charity and complicates the justification of the legal framework for this activity. The author aims to distinguish these words by using historical and explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language, dictionaries of synonyms of the Russian language, and The National Corpus of the Russian Language. This helps to determine the semantic scope, context compatibility, and conditions of the textual functioning of these words. The author concludes that the core position in the structure of the lexical-semantic field “Gratuitous Assistance to the Needy” is occupied by the originally Russian word благотворительность, which has a high usage frequency, denotes any gratuitous assistance, and has polar connotations, both positive and negative. Other terms occupy the periphery — either because of a narrower meaning (меценатство), or due to a limited scope of use (филантропия, донорство). The frequency of lexemes that refer to charitable activities increases during periods of social and economic stability, the establishment of better international relations, and decreases when society is forced to deal with serious problems. The intensive growth in the use of these words has been observed in the Russian media space since the mid-1980s and is still growing, which occurs due to the international actualisation of charitable activities and social responsibility trend.

scholarly journals MOTIVATIONAL AND GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LEXICAL-SEMANTIC FIELD “HARM” IN THE DIALECTS OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Яньчунь Лю
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The One ◽  
The Russian Language

Введение. Исследованы мотивационные отношения и модели номинации в лексико-семантическом поле «Вред» на материале диалектов русского языка. Лексика этого поля связана с выражением отрицательной утилитарной оценки. Анализ мотивационных отношений и моделей номинации в лексике утилитарной оценки показывает особенности осмысления понятия «вред» в сознании носителей традиционной культуры. Цель статьи – выявить структурно-семантические и мотивационные отношения в лексико-семантическом поле «Вред». Материал и методы. Материалом послужили 49 выпусков Словаря русских народных говоров. Обнаружение мотивационных признаков, а также моделей номинации на их основе предполагает компонентный анализ семантики производного слова в сопоставлении с семантикой производящего слова, группировку признаков номинации в модели номинации. Для выяснения функционально-семантических особенностей применяется ареальный метод и – в случае неясной внутренней формы – сравнительно-исторический метод. Результаты и обсуждение. Рассмотрение мотивационно-генетических отношений единиц лексико-семантического поля «Вред» в диалектах русского языка позволило выявить и отследить становление понятийной структуры отрицательной утилитарной оценки в традиционной культуре. Выяснилось, что большинство лексем поля имеет однозначно устанавливаемые мотивационные отношения, кроме единиц ядра и околоядерной части поля, которые утратили прозрачность мотивационных отношений в силу исторической глубины их возникновения. Для реконструкции мотивационных отношений этих лексем привлечены данные этимологических словарей. Анализ семантических связей и мотивационных отношений лексики поля позволил выявить границы поля и выделить восемь моделей номинации. Заключение. Найденные мотивационные отношения и представленные ими мотивационные модели обнаружили, с одной стороны, принципиальное сходство с рассмотренной ранее мотивационной характеристикой на материале литературного языка, а с другой – выявили различия, связанные с историческими изменениями в мотивационных отношениях, обусловленные эволюцией понятия «вред». Introduction. This article is devoted to the study of motivational relationships and nomination models in the lexical-semantic field “Harm” based on the material of the dialects of the Russian language. The vocabulary of this field is associated with the expression of the negative utilitarian evaluation. The analysis of motivational relations and nomination models in the vocabulary of utilitarian evaluation shows the features of understanding the concept of “harm” in the minds of carriers of traditional culture. Aim and objectives. The аim is to identify structural-semantic and motivational relationships in the lexicalsemantic field “Harm”. Material and methods. Dialect material was collected from 49 issues of the Dictionary of Russian dialects. The detection of motivational features, as well as nomination models based on them, suggests a component analysis of the semantics of the derivative word in comparison with the semantics of the generating word, grouping of the signs of nomination in the model of nomination. The areal method and, in the case of an unclear internal form, the comparative historical method, serves to clarify the functional and semantic features. Results and discussion. Consideration of the motivational-genetic relationships of the units of the lexical-semantic field “Harm” in the dialects of the Russian language made it possible to identify and track the formation of the conceptual structure of negative utilitarian evaluation in traditional culture. As a result, it turned out that most field tokens have unambiguously established motivational relations, except for units of the core and the perinuclear part of the field, which have lost the transparency of motivational relations due to the historical depth of their occurrence. To reconstruct the motivational relations of these lexemes, data of etymological dictionaries are used. The analysis of semantic connections and motivational relations of field vocabulary made it possible to identify field boundaries and identify eight nomination models. Conclusion. The found motivational relations and the motivational models presented by them revealed, on the one hand, a fundamental similarity with the previously considered motivational characteristics on the material of the literary language, and on the other hand, they revealed differences associated with historical changes in motivational relations caused by the evolution of the concept of “harm”.

scholarly journals Semantic Features of Nouns Referred to Various Lexical-And-Grammatical Categories

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Vadim Belov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Abstract Nouns ◽  
Concrete Nouns ◽  
Semantic Properties ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
National Corpus

The paper focuses on semantic properties of concrete and abstract nouns in the aspect of their cognitive categorization. The research is based on the results of two psycholinguistic experiments carried out by the author: synonym selection and word interpretation. The data obtained are verified by comparing data from the dictionaries of synonyms and National Corpus of the Russian Language. The synonym collection experiment shows that the speakers tend to extend synonymic relations of concrete nouns by means of semantic convergence of the words, which belong to different levels of hierarchy in the semantic field. Special attention is paid to nouns denoting a person. Their synonymic ranges differ significantly in lexicographic sources and the experiment findings. The word interpretation experiment points to the frequency of a logical (componential) method for interpretation of concrete nouns meaning, and synonymic method for abstract nouns. Concrete nouns are noted to realize logical categorization due to being incorporated into hierarchical semantic relations, whilst abstract nouns may reflect logical and figurative categorization because their meanings do not have subject reference and are characterized by uncertainty. Abstract nouns have been proved to build hierarchical semantic relations within their synonymic groups on certain conditions.

Lexical Semantics of Russian Verbs and Their Function of Action Fixation Using Perfect Forms

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Sergei A. Karpukhin
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Objective Time ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
The Russian Language

This article describes the connection between perfect verb forms and the typical lexical meanings of generating imperfectives using the example of a prefix model in the Russian language. The research is based on a fundamentally new approach, i.e. the means of “fixing” action in the objective time. The relevance of combining the action and the situational background to the lexical-semantic groups of verbs is established. In the course of the research, the materials of the Bolshoi Akademichescky Slovar (Big Academic Dictionary) were used.

LEXICOGRAPHICAL PORTRAIT OF THE LEXEME «POGRYAZNUT’» (X - XVII CENTURIES)

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Е.Ю. Долгова
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Slavonic Language ◽  
Abstract Nouns ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Russian Language

Статья посвящена описанию глагола «погрязнуть» по лексикографическим источникам, фиксирующим словарный состав русского языка X - XVII вв. В работе используется метод лингвистического портретирования, позволяющий объединить данные этимологических и исторических словарей и увидеть динамику развития семантического, словообразовательного, сочетаемостного и стилистического потенциала языковой единицы в диахронии. В статье подробно изложены материалы этимологических и исторических словарей русского языка, приведены и описаны многочисленные варианты употребления имперфектива грязнуть и перфектива погрязнуть, зафиксированные в словарях, содержащих лексику древнерусского и старорусского периодов: гр#зъти, гр#зhти, гр#зити, гр#знqти, погрязати - погр#зти, погр#зити, погр#знqти. Установлено, что в древнерусском языке глагол гр#зноути (гр`t#знuти) имел прямое номинативное значение «погружаться, тонуть» и редко употреблялся в памятниках письменности. Многозначным и наиболее частотным был положительный, результативный член глагольной видовой пары перфектив погрязнуть (погр#зноути). В статье приведены все лексико-семантические варианты глагола и примеры словоупотреблений, зафиксированные в словарях, отражающих лексику X - XVII веков. В статье приведены синонимы и многочисленные дериваты глагола погрязнуть , в том числе рассмотрена семантика абстрактных существительных, образованных от глагола погрязнуть ( погрязение, погрязнение, погрязновение ) и отражающих влияние церковнославянского языка на книжно-письменный литературный язык древнерусского и старорусского периодов. Лексикографический портрет лексемы погрязнуть проявляет неоднозначность в трактовке некоторых значений в разные исторические периоды. Проведенный анализ позволяет сравнить значения лексемы, увидеть их отличительные особенности и сделать вывод о существовании самостоятельных стереотипных образов, существующих в сознании носителей языка в X - XVII веках. The article is devoted to the description of the verb "to wallow" from lexicographic sources that fix the vocabulary of the Russian language of the X - XVII centuries. The method of linguistic portraiture is used to combine data from etymological and historical dictionaries and see the dynamics of the development of the semantic, word-formation and stylistic potential of the language unit in the diachrony. The article details the materials of etymological and historical dictionaries of the Russian language, presents and describes numerous variants of the use of an imperfective “gryaznut’” and a perfective “pogryaznut’”, recorded in dictionaries containing the vocabulary of the Russian language of the X - XVII centuries. It has been established that in the ancient Russian language, the imperfective “gryaznut’” had a direct nominative meaning of "dive, sink" and was rarely used in monuments of writing. The multi-valued and most frequency used was the positive, effective perfective “pogryaznut’”. The article presents all lexical and semantic variants of the verb and examples of word usage recorded in dictionaries that reflect the vocabulary of the X - XVII centuries. The article presents synonyms and numerous derivatives of the verb, including the semantics of abstract nouns formed from the verb “pogryaznut’” and reflecting the influence of the Church Slavonic language on the book-written literary language of the old Russian period. The lexicographic portrait of the lexeme “pogryaznut’” shows ambiguity in the interpretation of certain meanings in different historical periods. The analysis allows us to compare the meanings of the lexeme, see their distinctive features and conclude that there are independent stereotypical images that exist in the minds of native speakers in the X - XVII centuries.

scholarly journals Formation of linguistic and cultural competencies during russian language lessons (on the example of the lexeme "rainbow")

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (Extra-B) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Usmanova Liliya Abrarovna ◽  
Minakhmetova Aliya Ildarovna ◽  
Arkin Rosy Artuchi
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Competence Development ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Cultural Specificity ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Language

This article is devoted to the linguoculturological competence development among schoolchildren in the process of teaching the Russian language. The object of scientific consideration was the lexeme "rainbow", which refers to the most ancient layer of words and has a deep national and cultural specificity. In accordance with the set tasks of our work, we used descriptive-analytical, stylistic, component, distributive methods of data analysis, the method of the semantic field. An integrated approach to the study of the lexeme "rainbow" implies a multifaceted analysis, including the analysis of dictionary definitions, collection of etymological information, consideration of word-formation relations, study of the paremiological status of a word, its discursive features, identification of traditional and individual author's meanings and, thus, reflection in the form of creative work of students, reflecting the information received about this lexeme... An upbringing approach in Russian language lessons helps students discover aesthetic ways of understanding the world, without which it is impossible to describe the Russian language picture of the world.    

scholarly journals Literature as a Source of Metaphorical Modeling in Russian Media Discourse

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
L. Krajčovičová
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Cultural Stereotypes ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Initial Hypothesis ◽  
Russian Media ◽  
International Event ◽  
The Russian Language

The goal of this article is to analyze the principles and methods of using the precedent semantics of literary onyms in the process of metaphorization of the high-profile international event Brexit in contemporary (2016–2021) Russian-language media discourse. The research material encompasses media discourse, from which fragments of online versions of Russian-language newspaper and journalistic texts of different genres and socio-political orientation have been selected. As an additional source of empirical material, the author uses the newspaper subcorpus of the national corpus of the Russian language, as well as the Russian-language subcorpus of the international databases Eastview and Aranea. In order to achieve the main goal of the research the author uses the method of continuous sampling, methods of corpus linguistics, methods of content analysis, as well as narrative and contextual analysis (of fragments of media discourse), linguocultural analysis of texts, methods of conceptual analysis and interpretation. Thanks to the use of methods of corpus linguistics, more than 400 contextual realizations of the use of precedent names in connotative metaphorical meaning (in connection with Brexit) have been collected and analyzed. The article presents only the most expressive and most common examples of metaphorization of precedent names when describing the discursive event of Brexit. On the basis of the analysis, the author concludes that the so-called universal-precedent phenomena (mainly of English but also European literature) prevail in the process of metaphorization compared to those of Russian literature, which are extremely rare. In the paper’s study, the author also focuses on the fact that precedent names in the process of metaphorization undergo desemanticization (simplification of the meaning) and become distinctive cultural stereotypes. Initial hypothesis that the intertextuality of the Russian media discourse has a pronounced literary-centric character is confirmed.

Towards the explication of the universals of the Russian language personality on the model of the associative-verbal network

2021 ◽  
pp. 314-329
Author(s):  
Irina V. Shaposhnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Gradual Accumulation ◽  
Verbal Processes ◽  
The One ◽  
The Russian Language

The study of the universals of the Russian language personality on the model of the associative-verbal network (AVN) proceeds from ontological and epistemological aspects. Ontologically the AVN “inherits” a number of functional properties from the human cognitome hypernetwork. Along with the dissipation of grammar and stochastic formation of the vectors of associative dominants, they can be attributed to universals in the narrow sense of the word (ultimately due to the evolutionary biological specifics of the species). On the one hand, the dissipated character of grammar in the AVN and stochasticity of the emergence of meaningful vectors impose epistemological restrictions on the methods used to study the AVN phenomena. On the other hand, the gradual accumulation of the new Russian corpora of verbal associations opens a window of research perspectives for studying culturally imposed universals of the Russian language personality in current diachrony with reference to ethno-social and regional variability. The formalization of associative-verbal processes is associated with methods of explicating grammar (dissipated in AVN) and its role in the emergent meaning-formation. The author’s techniques of working with the AVN of the Russian language personality on the latest experimental materials (the database SIBAS and its subcorpora) are aimed at explicating the associative profiles of lexico-grammatical phenomena and their relevance for the analysis of the universals in a broad sense of the term, the associative dominants creating a unified but dynamic with their fluctuations semantic field of the personality’s verbal culture.

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