scholarly journals Population-based preventive measures aimed at reducing alcohol consumption: international practice and prospects for escalating measures in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 2566
Author(s):  
A. O. Myrzamatova ◽  
A. V. Kontsevaya ◽  
B. E. Gorny ◽  
O. M. Drapkina
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Studies ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Health Organization

Aim. To conduct a review of international studies and guidelines on the implementation of population-based preventive measures aimed at reducing alcohol consumption, and identify measures recommended by the World Health Organization, which have the potential for use in the Russian Federation.Material and methods. We used the following databases: PubMed, Science Citation Index, Scopus, The Campbell Collaboration Library of Systematic Reviews. The review includes systematic and non-systematic studies of measures related to alcohol consumption. The effectiveness of the identified measures was assessed according to the following criteria: behavioral changes (consumption/sales/level); incidence changes; mortality changes.Results. According to international practice of population-based prevention, effective measures that can be implemented in the Russian Federation include reducing the blood alcohol concentration legal driving limit, increasing the minimum legal drinking age, a complete ban on alcohol advertising, and a further increase in excise taxes.Conclusion. In the Russian Federation, significant progress has been achieved in implementing alcohol restriction measures, which has led to a reduction in its consumption and related consequences. Despite this, levels of alcohol consumption remain high and the potential for introducing population-based measures to reduce it has not been exhausted.

Alcohol-associated traffic injuries in Verona territory: A nine-year survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Giacomo Musile ◽  
Nicola Pigaiani ◽  
Daniela Sorio ◽  
Michela Colombari ◽  
Federica Bortolotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Accident Risk ◽  
Health Care Unit ◽  
Flame Ionisation Detector ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Head Space Gas Chromatography

According to the World Health Organization, as many as 25% of traffic accidents are linked to alcohol abuse. This study describes the results of a nine-year study performed on injured drivers ( N = 12,806) in the Verona area of Northern Italy. Blood samples were mandatorily collected on injured drivers who were admitted to the Emergency Health Care Unit of Verona Hospital between 2009 and 2017, after they had been involved in a traffic accident. Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) determination was then undertaken using a validated head space–gas chromatography–flame ionisation detector (HS-GC-FID) method. We found that 21% of drivers tested positive for alcohol (BAC ≥0.01 g/L), while 16.8% presented with BAC levels above the Italian legal limit (>0.5 g/L). Of those who had positive BACs, about 50% presented with very high BAC levels (>1.5 g/L). Daily time distribution analyses, involving 2031 alcohol-positive drivers, showed a surge between 18:00 hours and 06:00 hours (74.3%), with a specific rise during the weekend (58.9%). The percentage of alcohol-related road accidents was 20.6%, which is lower than results reported in other international studies performed over the last 20 years. However, evidence that around 50% of the positive subjects showed a BAC >1.5 g/L confirms the correlation between BAC and accident risk, which becomes even more significant at progressively increasing levels of BAC. The study highlights the need to implement further strategies to both prevent and deter the use of alcohol while driving.

scholarly journals Analysis of the state of production and consumption of vegetables in the russian federation

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
A.P. Korolkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Federal District ◽  
World Health ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Vegetable Products ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Health Organization

It is shown that the level of consumption of vegetable products by the population of the Russian Federation is significantly lower than the standards recommended by the Ministry of Health of Russia and the World Health Organization. The dynamics of production, the level of marketability, exports and imports, the ratio of prices for domestic and imported vegetable products have been analyzed. The assessment of consumption of vegetable products by region, by federal district, by group of the population having different income levels is provided. Proposals have been prepared for the development of production and growth of consumption of vegetables by the population of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Strongyloidiasis in clinical practice: challenges in diagnostics and treatment (brief review and clinical observations)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-670
Author(s):  
A. K. Tokmalaev ◽  
G. M. Kozhevnikova ◽  
V. D. Zavoikin ◽  
N. I. Tumolskaya ◽  
N. A. Polovinkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Disease Category ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Health Organization

High priority of soil-transmitted helminths worldwide and in the Russian Federation is due to their vast distribution and the severe pathological features they induce in humans. Recently, it was observed that awareness of clinicians regarding this disease category was markedly decreased, although no significant decline of the disease occurrence has been recorded, whereas rate of imported cases of parasitic diseases including soil-transmitted helminths like strongyloidiasis mainly originating from subtropical or tropical countries rose in non-endemic regions. Lack of alertness on diseases like strongyloidiasis impedes timely diagnostics and treatment. Global prevalence of strongyloidiasis was estimated to range within 30—100 million people, however the World Health Organization (WHO) suggests that it was underestimated as precise data in endemic countries remain unknown. The occurrence of these helminths has been recorded in regions of temperate-continental climate: Western Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, the Caucasus, Central Asia, as well as in Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean region. In the Russian Federation locally acquired infections are frequently recorded in the Krasnodar Territory and Rostov Region. Here, based on multi-year experience in management of patients with strongyloidiasis we present our data and brief review of publications and systematic literature related to the challenges of its clinical picture, diagnostics and treatment. Life cycle, basic biological parameters of free-living helminth in nature and distinctive features of autoinfection related to strongyloidiasis were reviewed. Special attention was paid to the risk of developing severe forms (hyperinfection and disseminated strongyloidiasis) especially in immunocompromised hosts: HIV infection, radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy, long-term corticosteroid use. Difficulties in diagnosing Strongy-loides stercoralis infection are due to its polymorphic and non-specific clinical manifestations, as well as the lack of clinical knowledge and awareness about the disease. Clinical importance of parasitological methods for larvae detection was underlined. It was noted that the drug of choice in therapy of strongyloidiasis is ivermectin unapproved yet in Russia, whereas albendazole as an alternative drug exerts poorer efficacy, justifying a need to repeat treatment courses to establish full recovery from the disease.

scholarly journals The Legal Aspects of Preventing the Spread of the Coronavirus Infection in the Russian Federation: The Legislative Novelties and Their Features

Legal Concept ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Alexander Sarychev ◽  
◽  
Ivan Arkhiptsev ◽  
Ekaterina Karaulova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
World Health ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
The Status ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction: currently, worldwide and in the Russian Federation, one of the most pressing problems is the fight against the new coronavirus infection COVID-19, which was assigned the status of a pandemic by the World Health Organization in early 2020. The huge economic damage to the countries directly affected by the pandemic and the global economy as a whole, fatalities, abandoning business, increase in unemployment, the restructuring of the economy to work in a new environment are a certain list of consequences we have been faced with in recent times due to the spread of COVID-19. The purpose of the study is to analyze the legislation aimed at supporting the economy and the population during the spread of the pandemic, as well as the measures of administrative and criminal responsibility in the domestic legislation aimed at preventing the spread of the coronavirus infection, as well as to examine the features of their application. Methods: the methodological framework for the research consists of the general scientific methods of cognition: the ascent from the abstract to the concrete, the hypotheticaldeductive, axiomatic and formalization methods, as well as the interrelated methods: analysis, synthesis. The results of the study and conclusions: the authors consider the changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation aimed at overcoming the consequences, as well as the fight against the coronavirus infection.

scholarly journals Global stroke statistics: An update of mortality data from countries using a broad code of “cerebrovascular diseases”

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 796-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda G Thrift ◽  
George Howard ◽  
Dominique A Cadilhac ◽  
Virginia J Howard ◽  
Peter M Rothwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Crude Mortality ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Over Time

Background Current information on mortality attributed to stroke among different countries is important for policy development and monitoring prevention strategies. Unfortunately, mortality data reported to the World Health Organization by different countries are inconsistent. Aims and/or hypothesis To update the repository of the most recent country-specific data on mortality from stroke for countries that provide data using a broad code for “cerebrovascular disease.” Methods Data on mortality from stroke were obtained from the World Health Organization mortality database. We searched for countries that provided data, since 1999, on a combined category of “cerebrovascular disease” (code 1609) that incorporated International Classification of Diseases (10th edition) codes I60–I69. Using population denominators provided by the World Health Organization for the same year when available, or alternatively estimates obtained from the United Nations, we calculated crude mortality from “cerebrovascular disease” and mortality adjusted to the World Health Organization world population. We used the most recent year reported to the World Health Organization, as well as comparing changes over time. Results Since 1999, seven countries have provided these mortality data. Among these countries, crude mortality was greatest in the Russian Federation (in 2011), Ukraine (2012), and Belarus (2011) and was greater in women than men in these countries. Crude mortality was positively correlated with the proportion of the population aged ≥65 years but not with time. Age-adjusted mortality was greatest in the Russian Federation and Turkmenistan, and greater in men than women. Over time, mortality declined, with the greatest decline per annum evident in Kazakhstan (8.7%) and the Russian Federation (7.0%). Conclusions Among countries that provided data to the World Health Organization using a broad category of “cerebrovascular disease,” there was a decline in mortality in two of the countries that previously had some of the largest mortality rates for stroke.

scholarly journals Economic arguments for population interventions to reduce alcohol consumption in Russian population

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Myrzamatova ◽  
A Kontsevaya ◽  
D Mukaneeva ◽  
Y u Balanova ◽  
M Khudyakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Russian Federation

Abstract Aim To get economic arguments for population-based interventions to reducing the consumption of alcohol in the Russian Federation. Material and Methods Studies of international practice on the implementation of population-based preventive measures to reducing alcohol consumption was carried out in order to identify interventions with proven effectiveness. We used the official statistics data collected by Ministry of health on the number of patients, health care resources utilization. Directs nonmedical costs included disability payments. Indirect costs included decreased productivity due to premature mortality and disability. Results Russian Federation has on the moment rather strong legislation in the area of alcohol regulation, but still there is a potential for further improvement. Increase in the price for alcoholic beverages by 10% in the Russian Federation can potentially prevent 7 477 potential years of life lost, the prognosed economic effect due to premature deaths reduction will be 42 002 523€ for 5 years. Increase in the minimum age for alcohol sales from 18years to 21years can save 48 920 potential years of life lost in Russian population, and the economic effect will be 279 912 075€ for 3 years. Reducing the permissible limit of blood alcohol concentration in vehicle drivers to 0.03mg/ml will allow to gain 8 834 673€ of economic effect for 3years.The deprivation of driving license for longer period after drinking and driving will give economic 916 809€ for 1 year due to prevent 217fatal accidents in alcohol intoxicated condition. And the effect of a complete ban on advertising alcoholic beverages in all media will give potential impact of 678 437 773€ for 10years Conclusions There are still potential for improvement the legislation in the area of alcohol control in Russian Federation. Described interventions demonstrate substantial potential economic effect. These data can be used as an argument for policy makers to justify the investments in these interventions Key messages The main results obtained in the simulation demonstrated the possibility of improving the prognosis of mortality and morbidity from NCDs associated with alcohol consumption. These data can be used as an argument for policy makers to justify the investments in these interventions.

scholarly journals LEISHMANIASIS IN THE RUSSIA AND ITALY. SOME QUESTIONS OF SCREENING AND PROPHYLAXIS

2019 ◽  
pp. 226-230
Author(s):  
Zhdanova ◽  
Mangchanti ◽  
Nardone ◽  
Akulinina ◽  
Napisanova
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Human Leishmaniasis ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Health Organization

The available literature data, statistics and the results of own observations on the epizootology and epidemiology of leishmaniasis in the Russian Federation and Italy were analyzed. In the Russian Federation, local sporadic cases of L. in dogs are registered, while in Italy, focalities of zoonotic leishmaniasis are registered in all provinces. Crimea is the main endemic focus of zoonotic leishmaniasis in Russia. The obtained data on sporadic cases in Crimea suggest that it is necessary to carry out epidemiological, epizootological and entomological studies in the focalities and develop a system for monitoring leishmaniasis, covering a whole range of anti-epidemic measures, similarly with Italy. Leishmaniasis is a dangerous zoonosis, a disease endemic for dogs (to a lesser extension for other animals) of the Mediterranean zone of Europe, the Middle East, is also common in tropical and subtropical areas throughout the world. Leishmaniasis is caused by seventeen of the more than twenty species of protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. In Italy, as in Europe, Leishmania infantum is the main causative agent of mammalian and human leishmaniasis. Other types of Leishmania are common in South America and the Middle East and less common (in the form of imported cases) in endemic areas (Leishmania major). According to the World Health Organization and the Centers or Disease Control for 2004, 1/10 of the world's population is at risk of Leishmania invasion.

scholarly journals Rational use of medicines: contribution to development of healthcare systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 803-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Y Shaydullina ◽  
L E Ziganshina
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
National Level ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Rational Use Of Medicines ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Health Organization

Development of World Health Organization (WHO) Rational Use of Medicines concept internationally and its implementation in the Russian Federation is reviewed. The need to consolidate efforts for the introduction of the WHO-developed strategy for the use of medicines improvement is explained. The WHO strategy to improve the use of medicines is described. Abundance of medicines, medicinal products and various formulations of the same active substances, as well as of promotional materials, which often mislead healthcare community and consumers, requires establishment of a system promoting effective and safe use of medicines and ensuring access to essential medicines of all members of the society. The factors which contribute to irrational use of medicines, avoidable causes, and consequences of irrational use of medicines are presented. Current situation in the Russian Federation regarding the use of medicines: legal and regulatory framework, the results of the registration process, documents valid on a national level and in particular regions that determine pharmaceutical policy is described in detail. Methodology of assessing prescribing practices and medicine consumption recommended by the World Health Organization for implementation and use globally is revealed. The implementation of the WHO concept of the rational use of medicines in the Republic of Tatarstan is described as an example. An illustration of the authors’ findings on effects of clinical pharmacology services on containment of medicines’ costs at the level of internal diseases department of municipal hospital is presented. The leading thesis of WHO Rational Use of Medicines concept - the establishment of independent multidisciplinary regional structures responsible for the quality use of medicines - is substantiated.

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