scholarly journals The Influence of Age, Location and Soil Conditions on the Allometry of Young Norway Spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) Trees

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 579-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioan DUTCA ◽  
Filofteia NEGRUȚIU ◽  
Florin IORAȘ ◽  
Kevin MAHER ◽  
Viorel N.B. BLUJDEA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio

In this study the influence of tree’s age, location (i.e. latitude and altitude) and soil conditions (i.e. pH, humus content, carbon to nitrogen ratio, cation exchange capacity and percent base saturation) on tree allometry was investigated. The data was collected from 22 Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) plantations located in Eastern Carpathians of Romania, aged between 4 and 15. From each plantation a soil sample and 10 trees were collected for soil chemical properties and biomass measurements, respectively. Root collar diameter (RCD) and height (H) based allometric equations were developed for total tree and vegetative organs of the tree (i.e. stem, branches, needles and roots). Furthermore, the interaction between the standardised residuals of these models and the tested factors was analysed. In order to account for the random effect of the clustered data, the mixed-effect modelling procedure was used. The results have shown no influence of these factors (age, location and soil conditions) on RCD based models, except for branches biomass model which was linked to soil carbon/nitrogen ratio. The H based models, however, were significantly influenced by latitude and soil cation exchange capacity as a consequence of H/RCD ratio change with these factors. The trees were more likely to allocate more to height growth when growing in higher latitudes or on soils with higher values of cation exchange capacity.

scholarly journals Chemical properties of long-term irrigated Fluvisols of the Beli Drim river valley in the Klina region (Serbia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Miodrag Tolimir ◽  
Branka Kresović ◽  
Borivoj Pejić ◽  
Katarina Gajić ◽  
Angelina Tapanarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Basic Cations ◽  
Hydrolytic Acidity

The impact of long-term (> 100 yr) irrigation on soil chemical properties was studied on eight plots in the Beli Drim river valley in Kosovo and Metohija near Klina, Serbia. For these studies, soil samples from shallow profiles were collected from only one or two depth zones of the Ah horizon; and from moderately deep and deep profiles, from two to three depth zones for the purpose of comparing irrigated field and non-irrigated meadow lands. Water from the Beli Drim River and surface gravity systems (irrigation furrows or border strip irrigation) were used for irrigation. Chemical variables included determination of pH-H2O, content of CaCO3, content of humus, hydrolytic acidity, sum of basic cations, cation exchange capacity, and base saturation. On irrigated soils, the results of chemical analysis showed on average a small increase in pH-H2O (0.07 pH units), as well as a significant decrease in humus content (2.00-4.75%), sum of basic cations (4.98-12.98%) and cation exchange capacity (12.8%) compared to the non-irrigated land of the study area. Long-term irrigation had no effect on hydrolytic acidity and base saturation in the Ah horizon of the investigated lands. Namely, the mentioned variations in the chemical properties of the investigated soils show that slight processes of reduction in the humus content and reduction of the content of base cations occured. Data on the chemical properties of the investigated soils indicate that the destructive processes of reduction in the humus content and leaching of base cations must be controlled in order to achieve a stable sustainable system of high productivity and prevent their further deterioration.

Change in soil pH, manganese and aluminium under subterranean clover pasture

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (121) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Bromfield ◽  
RW Cumming ◽  
DJ David ◽  
CH Williams
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Clover Pasture

Changes in soil pH, manganese and aluminium as a result of long periods under subterranean clover pasture were examined in soils formed on granite, basalt and sedimentary rocks near Goulburn, New South Wales. Decreases in the pH of yellow duplex soils formed on granite, sedimentary rocks and basalt had occurred to depths of 60, 40 and 30 cm, respectively. The smaller depth of acidification in the latter two soils is considered to be due to their shallower A horizons over well buffered, clay B horizons. Under the oldest pastures (55 years) the decreases exceeded one pH unit throughout the entire sampled depth (60 cm). In some soils, under old improved pastures, calcium chloride-extractable manganese had increased to more than 20 ppm throughout the 60 cm profile and to greater than 50 ppm in the surface 10 cm. These levels are considered toxic to sensitive plant species and the highest levels may be toxic to subterranean clover. The amounts of extractable manganese in soils appear to be determined by both pH and the amounts of reactive manganese. In general, the amounts of total and reactive manganese were appreciably higher in the soils of basaltic origin. Substantial increases in extractable and exchangeable aluminium had also accompanied the decrease in pH and, in the surface 10 cm, were greatest in the soils formed on sedimentary parent materials. In many of the soils under old improved pastures, exchangeable aluminium, as a percentage of the effective cation exchange capacity, now exceeds 12%, especially in the 5-10 cm layer, and is probably harmful to sensitive species. Increases in exchangeable aluminium also occurred below the surface 10 cm and, in the granitic soils under the oldest pastures, exchangeable aluminium accounted for 30-50% of the effective cation exchange capacity throughout the 5-50 cm soil depth. The adverse changes in pH, manganese and aluminium observed in this study can be expected to continue under many improved pastures and to generate soil conditions unsuitable for many agricultural plants. The use of lime to arrest or reverse these changes seems inevitable.

Soil Cation Exchange Capacity Predicted by Learning From Multiple Modelling

2018 ◽  
pp. 465-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahman Khatibi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Ghorbani ◽  
Rasoul Jani ◽  
Moslem Servati
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Balanced Approach ◽  
Target Values ◽  
Solution Methods

Prediction models of cation exchange capacity (CEC) in soil management is investigated by using artificial intelligence for a balanced approach between advantageous CEC-rich and negative CEC-deficient soil conditions. The modelling strategy formed here comprises: (1) artificial neural networks based on feedforward multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and their backpropagation using Levenburg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm; (2) FireFly algorithm (FFA) to replace LM; (3) learn the dependency of CEC on soil characteristics (clay, silt, sand, gypsum, organic matter) by both models to produce outputs; and (4) feed these outputs as inputs to support vector machine using the least squares algorithms (SVM-LS) together with observed values as target values. This is referred to as multiple models (MM-SVM) strategy. The results of a study area with 380 soil samples collected from different horizons of 80 soil profiles show that the learning by MM-SVM is considerable and capable of reducing inherent uncertainty with benefits to CEC soil management by reducing uncertainty due to solution methods.

scholarly journals Effect of Salmonella on Decomposition of Poultry Litter

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mushtaq ◽  
H. Kasur ◽  
R. A. Khan ◽  
A. Khalid ◽  
M. K. Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Humification Index ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
The Impact

Chicken litter is a significant source of nutrients for production of crops and to reduce the impact of human pathogens on environment. The physicochemical properties of poultry litter mixture compost was assessed against the maturity and stability indices such as carbon nitrogen ratio (C/N), nitrate (NO3), ammonia (NH3), ash, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), Humification Index (HI), Humification Rate (HR) and Degree of Polymerization (DP). The use of Salmonella significantly improves the humification process and physicochemical properties of final compost product are better in comparison to control trial. The most prominent effects was the fast rise in temperature from mesophilic to thermophilic stage was accompanied by an increase in NH4+-N that gradually decrease near the maturation phase. Moreover, the decrease in carbon and nitrogen ratio and increase in DP, CEC, HI, HR, phosphorous and potassium was also observed. A significant correlation was found between the maturity and stability parameters like C: N ratio, cation exchange capacity, humification index, degree of polymerization, humification rate and nitrate. Therefore, it is acclaimed that isolated microorganisms Salmonella from poultry litter promote the stable compost formation.

scholarly journals Data on the salinization of a coastal soil in the monsoonal rice area of southern New Guinea.

1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-248
Author(s):  
H. Schroo
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Groundwater Salinity ◽  
Marine Clay ◽  
Rice Area

The heavy silty young marine clay cracks to a depth of 35-40 cm during the dry season. The cation-exchange capacity is 32.5 meq/100g soil for the subsoil and 52.2 meq for the topsoil (due to high humus content). Chemically the soil resembles solonchak, but in profile structure it more closely resembles solonets. Yields of 2, 500 kg/ha shelled rice are normal. The average Cl content of the groundwater (6.4 g/litre) is too high for agriculture. Salinization of the upper 5 cm of topsoil is unexpectedly slight and apparently has no direct relationship to groundwater salinity. With irregular changes in the monsoon the soil may become highly saline while the crop is still standing. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Soil fertility changes in a red-brown earth under irrigated pastures. I. Changes in organic carbon/nitrogen ratio, Cation exchange capacity and pH

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Rixon
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio

Organic matter and soil fertility changes under irrigated pastures were followed for 5 years at Deniliquin, N.S.W. The effects of three annual pastures and of three perennial pastures were studied. Four years after their establishment an organic matter layer (mat) had formed under all pastures, and after its formation there was no further accumulation of organic carbon in the 0–3 in. soil horizon. The mean annual increase in organic carbon was 625 lb/acre under annual pastures and 1146 lb/acre under perennial pastures. The carbon/nitrogen ratios of both soil and mats, and the relationships of both organic carbon and nitrogen to the cation exchange capacity of the mats, were similarly affected by the annual and perennial pastures. The heterogeneous nature of the mats obscured any differences in their carbon/nitrogen ratios, which ranged from 12.8 to 22.0. The cation exchange capacity of the 0–3 in. soil horizon remained unchanged. The cation exchange capacity of the organic matter of the mats was approximately 100 m-equiv./100 g. After mat formation the underlying soil had a pH of approximately 6.0 under clovers and 6.5 under ryegrasses. The pH values of the mats ranged from 5.9 to 6.6.

EVALUASI PERUBAHAN KUALITAS TANAH PADA LAHAN BEKAS PENAMBANGAN NIKEL DI PULAU GEBE

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mardi Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
Evaluation Activity ◽  
Land Quality ◽  
Environment Quality

Since year 1977 until 2005, PT. ANTAM has been exploited nickel ore resources at Gebe Island – Center ofHalmahera District – North Maluku Province. Mining activity, beside give economically advantages also causedegradation of environment quality espicially land quality. Therefore, it need evaluation activity for change ofland quality at Gebe Island after mining activity.From chemical rehabilitation aspect, post mining land and rehabilitation land indacate very lack and lackfertility (base saturated 45,87 – 99,6%; cation exchange capacity 9,43 – 12,43%; Organic Carbon 1,12 –2,31%). From availability of nutrirnt element aspect, post mining land and rehabilitation land indicate verylack and lack fertility (nitrogen 0,1 – 1,19%). Base on that data, it can be concluded that land reclamationactivity not yet achieve standart condition of chemical land.Key words : land quality, post mining lan

scholarly journals Attributes of the soil fertilized with sewage sludge and calcium and magnesium silicate

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1107-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldo R. Zuba Junio ◽  
Regynaldo A. Sampaio ◽  
Altina L. Nascimento ◽  
Luiz A. Fernandes ◽  
Natália N. de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Magnesium Silicate ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Sludge Compost ◽  
Sewage Sludge Compost ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to evaluate the chemical attributes of an Inceptisol cultivated with castor bean (Ricinus communis L.), variety ‘BRS Energia’, fertilized with sewage sludge compost and calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) silicate. The experiment was conducted at the ICA/UFMG, in a randomized block design, using a 2 x 4 factorial scheme with three replicates, and the treatments consisted of two doses of Ca-Mg silicate (0 and 1 t ha-1) and four doses of sewage sludge compost (0, 23.81, 47.62 and 71.43 t ha-1, on dry basis). Soil organic matter (OM), pH, sum of bases (SB), effective cation exchange capacity (CEC(t)), total cation exchange capacity (CEC(T)), base saturation (V%) and potential acidity (H + Al) were evaluated. There were no significant interactions between doses of sewage sludge compost and doses of Ca-Mg silicate on soil attributes, and no effect of silicate fertilization on these attributes. However, fertilization with sewage sludge compost promoted reduction in pH and increase in H + Al, OM and CEC. The dose of 71.43 t ha-1 of sewage sludge compost promoted the best soil chemical conditions.

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