scholarly journals Effect of Salmonella on Decomposition of Poultry Litter

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mushtaq ◽  
H. Kasur ◽  
R. A. Khan ◽  
A. Khalid ◽  
M. K. Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Humification Index ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
The Impact

Chicken litter is a significant source of nutrients for production of crops and to reduce the impact of human pathogens on environment. The physicochemical properties of poultry litter mixture compost was assessed against the maturity and stability indices such as carbon nitrogen ratio (C/N), nitrate (NO3), ammonia (NH3), ash, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), Humification Index (HI), Humification Rate (HR) and Degree of Polymerization (DP). The use of Salmonella significantly improves the humification process and physicochemical properties of final compost product are better in comparison to control trial. The most prominent effects was the fast rise in temperature from mesophilic to thermophilic stage was accompanied by an increase in NH4+-N that gradually decrease near the maturation phase. Moreover, the decrease in carbon and nitrogen ratio and increase in DP, CEC, HI, HR, phosphorous and potassium was also observed. A significant correlation was found between the maturity and stability parameters like C: N ratio, cation exchange capacity, humification index, degree of polymerization, humification rate and nitrate. Therefore, it is acclaimed that isolated microorganisms Salmonella from poultry litter promote the stable compost formation.

scholarly journals Effect of Low Zeolite Doses on Plants and Soil Physicochemical Properties

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2617
Author(s):  
Alicja Szatanik-Kloc ◽  
Justyna Szerement ◽  
Agnieszka Adamczuk ◽  
Grzegorz Józefaciuk
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
First Year ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Water Holding

Thousands of tons of zeolitic materials are used yearly as soil conditioners and components of slow-release fertilizers. A positive influence of application of zeolites on plant growth has been frequently observed. Because zeolites have extremely large cation exchange capacity, surface area, porosity and water holding capacity, a paradigm has aroused that increasing plant growth is caused by a long-lasting improvement of soil physicochemical properties by zeolites. In the first year of our field experiment performed on a poor soil with zeolite rates from 1 to 8 t/ha and N fertilization, an increase in spring wheat yield was observed. Any effect on soil cation exchange capacity (CEC), surface area (S), pH-dependent surface charge (Qv), mesoporosity, water holding capacity and plant available water (PAW) was noted. This positive effect of zeolite on plants could be due to extra nutrients supplied by the mineral (primarily potassium—1 ton of the studied zeolite contained around 15 kg of exchangeable potassium). In the second year of the experiment (NPK treatment on previously zeolitized soil), the zeolite presence did not impact plant yield. No long-term effect of the zeolite on plants was observed in the third year after soil zeolitization, when, as in the first year, only N fertilization was applied. That there were no significant changes in the above-mentioned physicochemical properties of the field soil after the addition of zeolite was most likely due to high dilution of the mineral in the soil (8 t/ha zeolite is only ~0.35% of the soil mass in the root zone). To determine how much zeolite is needed to improve soil physicochemical properties, much higher zeolite rates than those applied in the field were studied in the laboratory. The latter studies showed that CEC and S increased proportionally to the zeolite percentage in the soil. The Qv of the zeolite was lower than that of the soil, so a decrease in soil variable charge was observed due to zeolite addition. Surprisingly, a slight increase in PAW, even at the largest zeolite dose (from 9.5% for the control soil to 13% for a mixture of 40 g zeolite and 100 g soil), was observed. It resulted from small alterations of the soil macrostructure: although the input of small zeolite pores was seen in pore size distributions, the larger pores responsible for the storage of PAW were almost not affected by the zeolite addition.

Characteristics of variably saturated granular bentonite after long-term storage at near-field relevant temperatures

Clay Minerals ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Valter ◽  
M. Plötze
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Hydraulic Permeability ◽  
Cation Composition ◽  
Retention Capacity

AbstractBentonite is a potential material for use in the engineered barrier of radioactive waste repositories because of its low hydraulic permeability, self-sealing capability and retention capacity. It is expected that bentonite would react at the elevated temperatures accompanying the radioactive decay in the nuclear waste. The presented study was started in order to improve understanding of the coupled influence of temperature and (pore) water on the physicochemical and mineralogical properties of bentonite during thermal treatment under near-field relevant conditions. Granular Na-bentonite MX-80 was differently saturated (Sr = 1–0.05) and stored at different temperatures (50–150°C) in a closed system. Upon dismantling after different periods of time (3 to 18 months), mineralogical characteristics, cation exchange capacity and content of leachable cations, as well as physicochemical properties such as surface area and water adsorption were investigated.The results showed a high mineralogical stability. A slight conversion from the sodium to an earth alkali form of the bentonite was observed. However, considerable changes in the physicochemical properties of the bentonite were observed, particularly by treatment above the critical temperature of 120°C. The cation exchange capacity decreased during heating at 150°C by approximately. 10%. The specific surface area dropped by more than 50%. The water uptake capacity under free swelling conditions showed a slight tendency to lower values especially for samples heated for more than 12 months. The water vapour adsorption ability in contrast drops by 25% already within three months at T = 120°C. These changes are mostly related to the variations in the interlayer cation composition and to smectite aggregation processes. The observed alterations are rather subtle. However, temperatures ⩾ 120°C had a remarkable negative influence on different properties of MX-80.

The Impact of Plant Hedgerow in Three Gorges on the Soil Chemicophysical Properties and Soil Erosion

2012 ◽  
Vol 500 ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Xing Lü ◽  
Hong Jiang Zhang ◽  
Yu He Wu ◽  
Jin Hua Cheng ◽  
Jian Qiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Three Gorges ◽  
Zanthoxylum Bungeanum ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Through the research and sampling analysis on different plant hedgerow in sloped farmland in Three Gorges reservoir area, we will conduct research on the impact of plant hedgerow in Three Gorges on the chemicophysical properties of soil and soil erosion. The results show that the plant hedgerow mainly composed by Morus alba, Citrus reticulata, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Vitex negundoand Begonia fimbristipula can decrease the soil density as well as sand content and increase soil porosity, soil water content, silt content and clay content to some extent. The organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and cation exchange capacity and other chemical indices of soil in different locations in plant hedgerow indicate as maximum in on-band, minimum in inter-band, middle both upper-band and below-band. In the same slop with no plant hedgerow, the organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and cation exchange capacity and other chemical indices of soil show a trend of increasing from the top to the bottom of the slop, which reveals that these substances own a feature of accumulation by moving to the bottom. The strength of soil anti-corrosion in different plant hedgerow is: Vitex negundoand (79.2%)> Citrus reticulata (36.4%)> Morus alb (22.4%)> Zanthoxylum bungeanum (18.9%)> Begonia fimbristipula (15.3%)> CK (8.7%), and the soil anti-corrosion indices in plant hedgerow are decreasing with the increase of soil immersion time, besides, the former and the latter are 3 times polynomial function. For those 5 plant hedgerows, Vitex negundoand owns the best impact on improving soil chemicophysical properties and reducing soil erosion.

scholarly journals Propiedades Básicas de Zeolitas Naturales de Panamá con Potencial de Desarrollo Industrial

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 721
Author(s):  
Dr. Cecilio Hernández B. ◽  
M.Sc. Jorge Olmos ◽  
Licda. Yahaira Espinosa
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Natural Zeolites ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Initial Results

The initial results of the properties that have been determined to a sample of natural zeolite, coming from areas of volcanic activity of Panama, and that has been identified with potential for its industrial explotation, are presented. Some physicochemical properties, chemical composition and morphology were determined. A natural zeolite with an intermediate level of Si/Al (2.62), low levels of dissolved salts and a morphology with pores-shaped channels with a diameter of 5 mm are observed.Keywords: natural zeolites, chemisorption, morphology, macropores, cation exchange capacity

Impacts of whole-tree harvesting and winter windrowing on soil pH and base status of clayey sites of northwestern Quebec

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 997-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Brais ◽  
C. Camiré ◽  
D. Paré
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Whole Tree ◽  
Tree Harvesting

To assess the impact of forest operations on soil nutrient status, modifications to forest floor, to 0–10 and 10–20 cm mineral soil base status, and to pH were evaluated 5–12 years following whole-tree harvesting and winter windrowing on dry to fresh and moist clayey sites in the clay belt region of northwestern Quebec. Whole-tree harvesting had few impacts on base concentrations and soil pH of dry to fresh sites. On moist sites, significant decreases in pH (−0.60 to −0.84 units), exchangeable Ca, total Ca, and, exchangeable Mg concentrations, base saturation, and effective cation exchange capacity were observed following harvesting. On dry to fresh sites, a decrease in the forest floor weight (−55%) accounted for significant reductions in exchangeable Ca (−55%), total Ca (−61%), and exchangeable K (−40%) pools in this layer, while reserves of both mineral layers were not affected. On moist sites, significant decreases in exchangeable Ca (−42 to −65%) and Mg (−35 to −56%) reserves occurred in all soil layers, while forest floor reserves of total Ca, Mg, and K decreased by 67, 48, and 40%, respectively. These reductions were caused by a loss of substrate in the forest floor (−44%) and a decrease in effective cation exchange capacity, exchangeable Ca saturation, and total Ca concentrations. Impacts of windrowing following whole-tree harvesting were limited to a reduction in reserves of exchangeable Ca (−22%), exchangeable Mg (−27%), total Ca (−20%), and total Mg (−29%) pools of the forest floor of moist sites. Values reported here are much greater than values generally predicted by a balance sheet approach and underline the need for more process-oriented studies. Impacts of these losses on long-term site productivity remain to be investigated.

scholarly journals Effects of Tree Forest Plantations on Soil Physicochemical Properties in the Arboretumof Ruhande,Southern Province of Rwanda

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nsengimana Venuste
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties

Different tree speciesare blamed to have negative effects on soil ecosystems by changing soil physicochemical properties, and hence soil quality. However, few researches to verify this statement were done in Rwanda. This study provides prior information on the effects of planted forest tree species on soil physicochemical properties. It was conducted in the Arboretum of Ruhande, in southern Rwanda. Soil cores were collected in plots of exotic, native and agroforestry tree species. Collected soils were analysed for soil pH, total nitrogen, organic carbon, available phosphorus,  aggregate stability, bulk density, soil humidity, cation exchange capacity, and soil texture. Soils sampled under exotic tree species were acidic, richin soil organic carbon, and in soil available phosphorus. Native and agroforestry tree species offer better conditions in soil pH, soil water content, cation exchange capacity, clay and silt. Less variations in soil total nitrogen and soil bulk density were found in soils sampled under all studied forest types. Research concluded that studiedtree species have different effects on soil physicochemical parameters. It recommended further studies to generalize these findings. Key words: soil, exotic, native, agroforestry, soil properties

scholarly journals PREPARATION OF SOME VIETNAMESE MONTMORILLONITES

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Mai Thi Hoang Vo ◽  
Thach Ngoc Le
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Solid Catalyst

Montmorillonite is a "green" solid catalyst and support used in many organic reations. In this paper, we describe the method to prepare two acid-activated montmorillonites from Binh Thuan and Lam Dong clays. We still prepared some cation exchanged montmorillonites as Fe3+ Zn 2+ and Al 3+. The Vietnamese montmorillonites and K-10, KSF (two commercial Fluka montmorillonites) were determinated simultanneously on some physicochemical properties such as crystalline structure, chemical composition, cation exchange capacity, adsorption capacity, porisity, surface area and acidity. The results shows that the quality of Vietnamese montmorillonites are equivalent with K-10 and KSF.

scholarly journals Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Zeolite A from Corn (Zea Mays) Stover Ash

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 4915
Author(s):  
Norway Pangan ◽  
Susan Gallardo ◽  
Pag-asa Gaspillo ◽  
Winarto Kurniawan ◽  
Hirofumi Hinode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Zeolite A ◽  
The Impact

This study deals with the impact of calcination, alkalinity, and curing time parameters on the hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite A. The zeolite A sample, produced from corncob-stalk-and-leaves (corn stover) ash was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that calcination, alkalinity, and curing time have significant effects on the crystallization and the morphology of zeolite A. In addition, these parameters also impacted the cation exchange capacity. Furthermore, the synthesized zeolite A was obtained using a calcination temperature of 5000 °C within two hours of airflow, which is much lower than the temperatures previously reported in the literature for an agricultural waste and other waste materials. A fusion ratio of corn stover ash:NaOH of 1.0:1.5 and a curing time of nine hours were achieved. This is a major result as this curing time is much lower than those featured in other studies, which can reach up to twenty-four hours. In this paper, cubic crystal with rounded edge of zeolite A, having a cation exchange capacity of 2.439 meq Na+/g of synthesized anhydrous zeolite A, was obtained, which can be a good candidate for ion-exchange separation.

scholarly journals The Influence of Basalt Powder on the Physicochemical Properties of Impoverished Oxisoils from Ngaoundéré (Adamawa - Cameroon)

2021 ◽  
pp. 307-315
Author(s):  
Dalil Adoulko ◽  
Simon Djakba Basga ◽  
Rigobert Tchameni ◽  
Jean Pierre Nguetnkam
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Exchangeable Bases ◽  
Saturation Rate

The present study aims at assessing the fertilizing potential of basalts on impoverished oxisoils from Ngaoundéré (Adamawa, Cameroon). This specifically involves the application of finely ground basalts on impoverished oxisoils and monitoring changes in physicochemical properties during six months. An experimental design which consisted in a randomized complete block design is constituted of three series of four treatments each one: the control (ST), the control soil mixed with 100 g of finely ground basalt (T0 + BA_10), the control soil mixed with 200 g of finely ground basalt (T0 + BA_20), the control soil mixed with 300 g of finely ground basalt (T0 + BA_30). Each treatment was replicated ten times in every serie. The control treatment is only soils of Ng, collected at the top soil and without any basalt application. They are clayey, acid and display an average CEC. The basalt is rich in silica (47.52%), Calcium (8.22%), Magnesium (4.03%), sodium (4.01%), potassium (2.42%) and displays average content in alumina (16.54%) and iron (11.1%). The experiment was carried out in pots, and the incubated soil samples were analyzed after 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 months. The analyzes mainly focused on the physicochemical parameters (Grain size analysis, pH, Cation exchange capacity (CEC), the sum of exchangeable bases (SBE) and the saturation rate (V). Obtained results indicated that the application of basalt greatly improved the chemical properties of oxisoils from Ngaoundéré: the pH changes from acidic (5.5) to weakly acidic (6.5); the saturation rate, as well as the sum of exchangeable bases and the cation exchange capacity increased. Physicochemical properties of the soil are closely accompanied by an increase in fertility. It appears that 10 and 20% treatments are the most efficient treatments. Thus, the basalts from Manwi can be recommended as petrofertilizer to improve the chemical properties of impoverished soils and especially for plants requiring alkalis and alkaline earth.

Soil fertility changes in a red-brown earth under irrigated pastures. I. Changes in organic carbon/nitrogen ratio, Cation exchange capacity and pH

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Rixon
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio

Organic matter and soil fertility changes under irrigated pastures were followed for 5 years at Deniliquin, N.S.W. The effects of three annual pastures and of three perennial pastures were studied. Four years after their establishment an organic matter layer (mat) had formed under all pastures, and after its formation there was no further accumulation of organic carbon in the 0–3 in. soil horizon. The mean annual increase in organic carbon was 625 lb/acre under annual pastures and 1146 lb/acre under perennial pastures. The carbon/nitrogen ratios of both soil and mats, and the relationships of both organic carbon and nitrogen to the cation exchange capacity of the mats, were similarly affected by the annual and perennial pastures. The heterogeneous nature of the mats obscured any differences in their carbon/nitrogen ratios, which ranged from 12.8 to 22.0. The cation exchange capacity of the 0–3 in. soil horizon remained unchanged. The cation exchange capacity of the organic matter of the mats was approximately 100 m-equiv./100 g. After mat formation the underlying soil had a pH of approximately 6.0 under clovers and 6.5 under ryegrasses. The pH values of the mats ranged from 5.9 to 6.6.

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