scholarly journals Genetic Study of Native Grapevine Varieties of Northern, Western and Central Greece with the Use of Ampelographic and Molecular Methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina BINIARI ◽  
Maritina STAVRAKAKI
Keyword(s):  
International Organization ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Molecular Method ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Central Greece ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Previous Hypothesis ◽  
Parent Variety ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
High Degree

The aim of this study was the identification and discrimination of 49 grapevine varieties that are cultivated in northern, western and central Greece with the use of the ampelographic description and the molecular method RAPD. The grapevine varieties were located in their cultivation centers and the studied samples were collected from productive vineyards of these regions. For the ampelographic description, 22 ampelographic characters were used following a list of descriptors developed by the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV), while for the molecular analysis 8 of the most polymorphic primers were used. The results showed that: (a) there is high degree of genetic heterogeneity among most of the varieties studied, (b) grapevine varieties ‘Xinomavro’ and ‘Zalovitiko’ exhibited identity with both methods used, therefore the latter constitutes a synonym/clone of the former, (c) high degree of genetic similarity was recorded between cv ‘Stavroto’ and ‘Abelakiotiko’, a result enhancing the view that they constitute biotypes/clones of an original/parent variety and originated through the accumulation of mutations, (d) a previous hypothesis is confirmed. This hypothesis states that in the vineyards of northern Greece, different varieties of Vitis vinifera L. as well as hybrids (direct producers) were imported. Names/synonyms were given to these imported varieties and hybrids related to their place of origin or the morphological traits of the grape/berries implying identity among them (‘Mavroudi’, ‘Voulgariko’, ‘Voulgaroudia’, ‘Vapsa’ etc.), while they are different varieties, (e) the combination of the ampelographic description and the molecular method RAPD is very effective in the identification and discrimination of grapevine cultivars.

scholarly journals Ampelographic and Genetic Characterization of Grapevine Varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) of the ‘Mavroudia’ Group Cultivated in Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maritina STAVRAKAKI ◽  
Katerina BINIARI
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Molecular Method ◽  
Grapevine Cultivar ◽  
Parent Variety ◽  
High Degree ◽  
First Time ◽  
Very High

Twenty-one grapevine varieties grown all over Greece and belonging to ‘Mavroudia’ group were ampelographically described and genotyped by AFLP molecular analysis in order to discriminate the varieties, synonyms, homonyms and variations of the group. In most cases, the molecular findings confirmed the results of the ampelographic description. In general, and despite the high degree of genetic similarity between certain pairs of the studied cultivars, the group of ‘Mavroudia’ was characterized as being heterogeneous. From the studied cultivars, ‘Kountoura mavri’, ‘Mavro Spetson’ and ‘Pappoudes’ showed very high degree of genetic similarity, sustaining the hypothesis that the last two are clones of the first. Grapevine cultivar ‘Pappoudes’ was for the first time ampelographically described and identified as being closely related to ‘Kountoura mavri’. High degree of genetic similarity was observed between cultivars ‘Gaidouricha’ and ‘Agiomavritiko’, suggesting that they probably originated from the same parent variety through the accumulation of mutations. This may also be true for cultivars ‘Mavrokorakas’ and ‘Kartsiotis’. Also, the results from the statistical analysis showed that ‘Mavro Arachovis’, ‘Mavroudi Voulgarias’ and ‘Voulgaroudes’, despite the relatively high genetic similarity between them, are different. The same applies for the rest of the cultivars studied, while ‘Mavro Kalavriton’, the most widespread variety of the ‘Mavroudia’ group, showed the lowest degree of genetic similarity within the all the cultivars studied. The ampelographic description in combination with the molecular method AFLP are effective for the study of the between and within genetic diversity of grapevine cultivars as well as for their identification and discrimination.

Development of an embryo germination protocol for shy-seeded grape (Vitis vinifera L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ashwini P. Benke ◽  
Ram Krishna ◽  
Roshni R. Samarth ◽  
Shweta S. Dhumal ◽  
Waquar A. Ansari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Embryo Germination ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Benzyl Amino Purine

Abstract Acquisition and germination of seeds are the most desired targets for the improvement of vegetatively propagated crops. In the present study, we developed a potential embryo germination protocol for the Red Globe grape cultivar having a low seed germination rate. Three grape berries at different developmental stages, viz. 50, 60 and 70 days after flowering (DAF), were selected for in-vitro embryo germination. Three growth media, namely Emershad and Ramming (ER), Nitsch and Nitsch (NN) and Murashige and Skoog (MS), and plant growth regulators (benzyl amino purine (BA), 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 mg/l; indole butyric acid (IBA), 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/l; and gibberellic acid (GA), 0.1, 0.3 and 0.9 mg/l) were screened individually in different combinations with three amino acids, namely cysteine, glutamine and proline (2.0 μmol/l each). The maximum embryos germination percentage recorded at 70 DAF was 63.33, 47.78 and 45.56% in ER, NN and MS media, respectively, supplemented with 0.9 mg/l BA, 2.0 mg/l IBA, 0.9 mg/l GA and 2.0 μmol glutamine. Glutamine was found to have the most significant impact, and it improved the rescued embryos germination. The present study provides a potential recipe for a medium that can facilitate efficient germination of grape embryos.

The situation of English speaker’s place of origin depending on Chinese dialects

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-171
Author(s):  
Min Wang
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
English Language ◽  
Native English Speakers ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Advanced Degrees ◽  
Phonological Features ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Chinese Dialects ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
High Degree

Abstract This study examines the ability to identify different Chinese dialects through the English language and evaluates how often respondents pay attention to phonological features and rate of speech to explain their categorizations. The research includes 100 Chinese undergraduate students and 100 young people without advanced degrees aged 20 to 25. Discrete independent data samples collected during the interview of participants are analyzed with the help of such statistical methods as Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Wilcoxon's test. The obtained results indirectly show the ability of respondents to identify native and non-native English speakers around the world, as well as determine their nationality. The outcomes of the paper explicate who, in general, categorize Chinese dialects better and which dialects are the most recognizable. Research data reveal a high degree of stereotypization of various dialects, especially the Beijing and U dialects. Moreover, based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that speaking rate significantly affects the perception and classification of a speaker from a particular province of China.

Cloning and expression of two plasma membrane aquaporins expressed during the ripening of grape berry

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Picaud ◽  
Frédéric Becq ◽  
Fabienne Dédaldéchamp ◽  
Agnès Ageorges ◽  
Serge Delrot
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Xenopus Oocytes ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Cloning And Expression ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Urea Uptake

The ripening of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berry is accompanied by dramatic accumulation of sugars and water. Two full-length clones and several partial clones encoding plasma membrane aquaporins (PIP) were cloned from grape berries collected at the beginning of ripening. Based on their sequences, on a phylogenetic analysis and on functional properties, both clones, called VvPIP1a and VvPIP1b were assigned to the PIP1 subfamily. RNA gel blot studies with berries at various stages of development indicated that VvPIP expression was highest at stages following veraison. Injection of Xenopus oocytes with VvPIP1a cRNA induced a moderate increase of water permeability and a large increase in glycerol permeability, whereas injection with VvPIP1b cRNA did not affect these permeabilities. Injection of VvPIP1a cRNA, but not VvPIP1b cRNA, inhibited urea uptake by the oocyte, and this inhibition was sensitive to HgCl2. The data are discussed in relation with the potential role of aquaporins in fruit physiology.

The molecular regulation of stilbene phytoalexin biosynthesis in Vitis vinifera during grape berry development

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Bais ◽  
Peter J. Murphy ◽  
Ian B. Dry
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Stilbene Synthase ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Molecular Regulation ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Uv Treatment ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Uv Induction ◽  
Phytoalexin Biosynthesis

The molecular regulation of stilbene phytoalexin biosynthesis in developing Vitis vinifera L. grape berries was investigated using a UV induction system. Berries were collected at 1, 5, 10 and 16 weeks post-flowering from the cultivars Shiraz, Semillon, Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay and the skins analysed for resveratrol production following irradiation with UV-C light. The rate and maximal level of resveratrol accumulation increased markedly in berries sampled from 1–5 weeks post-flowering and then dramatically declined in maturing berries sampled from 10–16 weeks post-flowering in all cultivars. In berries sampled at 1 and 5 weeks post-flowering, maximal levels of resveratrol accumulation were recorded at incubation periods of 24 and 48 h respectively whereas maximal resveratrol levels were not recorded in week 16 berry skins until 72 h after UV-treatment. Gene expression analysis indicated that stilbene synthase (STS) mRNA accumulated within 4–8 h of UV treatment in berries sampled at 1 and 5 weeks post-flowering, but did not increase in week 16 berries until 24–48 h following UV-irradiation. Furthermore, the overall level of STS gene expression declined in berries sampled 10–16 weeks post-flowering. The results demonstrate that inducible stilbene accumulation in ripening grape berries is highly regulated at the level of STS gene transcription. This decline in inducible STS gene expression may be a major factor contributing to the increased susceptibility of ripening grape berries to Botrytis cinerea infection.

scholarly journals Grading and Sorting of Grape Berries Using Visible-Near Infrared Spectroscopy on the Basis of Multiple Inner Quality Parameters

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Xiao ◽  
Li Feng ◽  
Dajie Song ◽  
Kang Tu ◽  
Jing Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Grape Quality

The potential of visible-near infrared (vis/NIR) spectroscopy (400 nm to 1100 nm) for classification of grape berries on the basis of multi inner quality parameters was investigated. Stored Vitis vinifera L. cv. Manicure Finger and Vitis vinifera L. cv. Ugni Blanc grape berries were separated into three classes based on the distribution of total soluble solid content (SSC) and total phenolic compounds (TP). Partial least squares regression (PLS) was applied to predict the quality parameters, including color space CIELAB, SSC, and TP. The prediction results showed that the vis/NIR spectrum correlated with the SSC and TP present in the intact grape berries with determination coefficient of prediction (RP2) in the range of 0.735 to 0.823. Next, the vis/NIR spectrum was used to distinguish between berries with different SSC and TP concentrations using partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) with >77% accuracy. This study provides a method to identify stored grape quality classes based on the spectroscopy and distributions of multiple inner quality parameters.

Expression Patterns of Genes Encoding Sugar and Potassium Transport Proteins Are Simultaneously Upregulated or Downregulated When Carbon and Potassium Availability Is Modified in Shiraz (Vitis vinifera L.) Berries

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 2331-2342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelmari A Coetzee ◽  
Rob R Walker ◽  
Siyang Liao ◽  
Celia Barril ◽  
Alain J Deloire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Phloem Transport ◽  
Potassium Transport ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Storage

Abstract A link between the accumulation of sugar and potassium has previously been described for ripening grape berries. The functional basis of this link has, as of yet, not been elucidated but could potentially be associated with the integral role that potassium has in phloem transport. An experiment was conducted on Shiraz grapevines in a controlled environment. The accumulation of berry sugar was curtailed by reducing the leaf photoassimilation rate, and the availability of potassium was increased through soil fertilization. The study characterizes the relationship between the accumulation of sugar and potassium into the grape berry and describes how their accumulation patterns are related to the expression patterns of their transporter proteins. A strong connection was observed between the accumulation of sugar and potassium in the grape berry pericarp, irrespective of the treatment. The relative expression of proteins associated with sugar and potassium transport across the tonoplast and plasma membrane was closely correlated, suggesting transcriptional coregulation leading to the simultaneous translocation and storage of potassium and sugar in the grape berry cell.

The VvBAP1 gene is identified as a potential inhibitor of cell death in grape berries

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 428
Author(s):  
Shifeng Cao ◽  
Zeyu Xiao ◽  
Vladimir Jiranek ◽  
Stephen D. Tyerman
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Oxidative Responses

Cell death (CD) in Vitis vinifera L grape berries, exemplified in Shiraz, occurs late in ripening influencing yield, berry and wine quality. Here we isolated and functionally characterised a BON1-associated gene, VvBAP1 from Shiraz berries, encoding a small protein with a C2 domain. VvBAP1 transcript increased during fruit development from veraison to harvest, and was significantly inhibited by drought stress 92 days after flowering when CD normally begins. This was correlated with high CD in Shiraz berries. The agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of VvBAP1 in tobacco leaves led to a decrease in electrolyte leakage and downregulated a marker gene (Hsr203J) for cell death. Expressing VvBAP1 in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) also alleviated cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Overexpression of VvBAP1 in Arabidopsis increased resistance to H2O2 and reduced CD due to higher expression of genes involved in anti-oxidative responses. Arabidopsis overexpressing VvBAP1 displayed higher tolerance to drought accompanied by upregulation of antioxidant-related gene expression. VvBAP1 complemented an Arabidopsis bap1 knockout by abolishing its CD phenotypes. These results indicate that VvBAP1 may play a role in alleviating CD in grape berries and its downregulation under drought stress may be responsible for the generally observed increase in CD within the berry.

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