scholarly journals Comparative Effect of Poultry and Swine Manures on the Performance of White Guinea Yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) in an Ultisols Environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-521
Author(s):  
Nwabueze C. NWAOGUALA ◽  
Kolawole E. LAW-OGBOMO
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Dioscorea Rotundata ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Guinea Yam ◽  
Better Than

White Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) is an important staple food in a number of African countries, including Nigeria and Ghana. However, the tuber yield in these areas is below its potential yield. The most probably constraint to low tuber yield is the low soil nutrient status. A field trial was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria, between April and November 2016 and 2017, to evaluate the effect of poultry and swine manures on the growth and tuber yield of white Guinea yam (D. rotundata) in an ultisols environment. The trial was laid out in a 2 × 3 split plot arrangement fitted into randomized complete block design with three replicates. The main plots were organic fertilizers (poultry and swine manures) and the sub-plots were represented by three rates (0, 300 and 450 kg N ha-1) of application. Data collection on growth characters were on vine length (cm), vine girth (cm), number of nodes, number of leaves and leaf area index. At harvest, tuber length (cm), tuber girth (cm), number of tubers per plant, tuber weight and tuber yield (t ha-1) were also evaluated. The results showed that growth and yield variables varied significantly (p < 0.05) with organic fertilizer types and application rates. Poultry manure treated plants produced higher (p < 0.05) number of nodes and leaves than swine manure treated plants. Application rates of 300 and 450 kg N ha-1 of poultry manure significantly increased vine length, vine girth, number of nodes and leaves as well as leaf area index. Tuber weight and yield were higher in plants treated with poultry manure with the application rates of 300 and 450 kg N ha-1 performed better than control in 2016, while the application rate of 300 kg N ha-1 had the highest tuber weight and yield in 2017. Application rates of 300 and 450 kg N ha-1 performed better than the control (0 kg N ha-1) in 2016. However, in 2017, application rate of 300 kg Nha-1 had the highest tuber weight and yield. The present study suggests that poultry manure at application rate of 300 kg N ha-1 could be adopted by white Guinea yam farmers for high productivity of the crop under intense and continuous cropping in humid ultisols environment.

scholarly journals Effects of plant density and npk application on the growth and yield of white guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) in a forest zone of Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (66) ◽  
pp. 9404-9417
Author(s):  
KE Law-Ogbomo ◽  
◽  
AU Osaigbovo
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dioscorea Rotundata ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Plant Densities

Studies were conducted at Evboneka, Edo State, Nigeria in a forest zone to examine the effect of increasing plant population and NPK application on the growth and tuber yield of Dioscorea rotundata (Poir) cv “Obiaoturugo”. This study involved three trials. The first was conducted in 2010 involving five plant densities (10000, 13333, 17778, 20000 and 266667 plants per hectare (pph)) laid in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated four times. The second trial was conducted in 2010 involving five NPK application rate (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg NPK 15:15:15 ha-1) using RCBD and replicated three times. In the third trial, the best three plant densities (10000, 13333 and 17778 pph) from the first trial were re-evaluated with the best two NPK application rates (200 and 300 kg NPK ha-1) and control (0 kg ha-1) from the second trial using a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement fitted into RCBD with three replicates. Results from the plant density trial revealed that increasing plant density significantly resulted in increased fresh tuber yield and decreased in number of tuber per stand, tuber size, % unmarketable tuber and multiplication ratio (MR). Based on MR, the best tuber yield was produced from 10000 pph, followed by 13333 and 17778, which were statistically comparable. Results from the fertilizer trial showed that the application of 300 kg ha-1 had the highest tuber yield (19.16 t ha-1 ) statistically similar to 200 kg ha-1 (19.12 t ha-1). There was no significant interaction effect on agronomic traits assessed as both factors acted independently on yam plants. Increasing plant density and NPK application rate resulted in increased degree of foliation and leaf area index (LAI). These parameters imparted higher photosynthetic capacity and translocation leading to higher total dry matter production and tuber yield. A plant density of 10000 pph and 300 kg ha-1 could be most profitable and also bring about a considerable increase in growth and tuber yield of yam.

scholarly journals UAV Based Estimation of Forest Leaf Area Index (LAI) through Oblique Photogrammetry

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 803
Author(s):  
Lingchen Lin ◽  
Kunyong Yu ◽  
Xiong Yao ◽  
Yangbo Deng ◽  
Zhenbang Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
3D Point Cloud ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Better Than

As a key canopy structure parameter, the estimation method of the Leaf Area Index (LAI) has always attracted attention. To explore a potential method to estimate forest LAI from 3D point cloud at low cost, we took photos from different angles of the drone and set five schemes (O (0°), T15 (15°), T30 (30°), OT15 (0° and 15°) and OT30 (0° and 30°)), which were used to reconstruct 3D point cloud of forest canopy based on photogrammetry. Subsequently, the LAI values and the leaf area distribution in the vertical direction derived from five schemes were calculated based on the voxelized model. Our results show that the serious lack of leaf area in the middle and lower layers determines that the LAI estimate of O is inaccurate. For oblique photogrammetry, schemes with 30° photos always provided better LAI estimates than schemes with 15° photos (T30 better than T15, OT30 better than OT15), mainly reflected in the lower part of the canopy, which is particularly obvious in low-LAI areas. The overall structure of the single-tilt angle scheme (T15, T30) was relatively complete, but the rough point cloud details could not reflect the actual situation of LAI well. Multi-angle schemes (OT15, OT30) provided excellent leaf area estimation (OT15: R2 = 0.8225, RMSE = 0.3334 m2/m2; OT30: R2 = 0.9119, RMSE = 0.1790 m2/m2). OT30 provided the best LAI estimation accuracy at a sub-voxel size of 0.09 m and the best checkpoint accuracy (OT30: RMSE [H] = 0.2917 m, RMSE [V] = 0.1797 m). The results highlight that coupling oblique photography and nadiral photography can be an effective solution to estimate forest LAI.

Combined de-inking paper sludge and poultry manure application on corn yield and soil nutrients

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Gagnon, Michel C. Nolin ◽  
Athyna N. Cambouris
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Immobilization ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Soil Organic C ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Application Rates

Application of combined de-inking paper sludge and poultry manure may be an appropriate way to dispose of these residues and restore fertility of highly degraded soils. An experiment was initiated to determine the effects of a single application of this material, using two different application techniques, on corn yield and soil properties of two 12-ha fields of contrasting textures located in the Nicolet watershed in the province of Québec, Canada. De-inking paper sludge was mixed with poultry manure (PP) at a ratio of 25:1 and strip-applied before corn seeding. The study included three treatments: untreated control, a constant application rate, and variable application rates according to initial soil organic C content. The variable application rates were 10, 20 and 30 Mg dry weight ha-1. The strips were randomized within blocks, and the strips ran lengthwise in the blocks. Soil N immobilization and P release occurred on both sites at least 2 mo after PP incorporation, as measured at the corn eight-leaf and silk apparition stages by the anion-exchange membranes. Despite early N immobilization, grain yield was not affected whereas plant P uptake was increased by PP. At both sites, a single application of PP increased soil pH and major nutrient levels at harvest but had no significant effect on soil organic C. The application of PP also increased P saturation indices but the measured values were well below critical thresholds above which environmental risks would be high. The variable application rate treatment did not differ from the equivalent constant rate treatment for improving soil status and crop growth. This study indicates that mixing de-inking paper sludge and poultry manure may provide a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach to land disposal of these wastes. Key words: Corn, paper sludge, poultry manure, precision farming, soil nutrients

scholarly journals Impact of Vermicompost, Poultry Manure and Jeevaamrit on Growth Parameters of Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) cv. Allison

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Ashok K. Garg ◽  
Rajesh Kaushal ◽  
Vishal S. Rana
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Chlorophyll Index

The present investigation was conducted on 6 years old kiwifruit vines cultivar ‘Allison’ at a spacing of 4.0 m × 6.0 m for two consecutive years 2018-19 and 2019-20 at experimental block of Department of Fruit Science, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP). The experiment was laid out in triplicate in Randomized Block Design with 8 treatments under three farming systems viz., Inorganic Fertilizer Based System (IFBS), Organic Farming Based System (OFBS) and Subhash Palekar’s Natural Farming System (SPNFS). The maximum leaf area (158.1 cm2), leaf area index (4.36), chlorophyll index (51.2), comparative photosynthetically active radiation (612 µ mol quanta m-2 s-1) was found in the treatment (T8) receiving 30 liters of jeevaamrit (JM) + 3 kg ghana jeevaamrit and 40 kg FYM per vine under SPNFS. Among OFBS, the treatment T2 (100% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through vermicompost and poultry manure on 50:50 basis) observed maximum leaf area (151.8 cm2), leaf area index (4.35), comparative photosynthetically active radiation (642 µ mol quanta m-2 s-1) but lower significantly lower chlorophyll index (51.2) over T1 (Recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers + FYM) treatment of IFBS. Hence application of 30 litres jeevaamrit and 3 kg ghana jeevaamrit (both in 3 equal splits first in end of January, second in February and third in the month of April) along with 40 kg FYM per vine or alternatively substitution of 100% RDN through vermicompost and poultry manure on 50:50 basis along with 40 kg FYM were found to be best and alternate different option in place of inorganic fertilizers to ‘Allison’ cultivar of kiwifruit under mid-hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh, India. Furthermore, the research emphases mainly on improving soil health without compromising growth and yield of kiwifruits in the region. By using alternative sources of nutrients, farmers can obtain the comparable growth and yield of kiwifruits.

scholarly journals Identification of Quantitative Trait Nucleotides and Candidate Genes for Tuber Yield and Mosaic Virus Tolerance in an Elite Population of White Guinea Yam (Dioscorea Rotundata) Using Genome-Wide Association Scan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paterne AGRE ◽  
Prince E. Norman ◽  
Robert Asiedu ◽  
Asrat Asfaw
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Dioscorea Rotundata ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Virus Tolerance ◽  
Guinea Yam

Abstract Background Improvement of tuber yield and tolerance to viruses are priority objectives in white Guinea yam breeding programs. However, phenotypic selection for these traits is quite challenging due to phenotypic plasticity and cumbersome screening of phenotypic-induced variations. This study assessed quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) and the underlying candidate genes related to tuber yield per plant (TYP) and yam mosaic virus (YMV) tolerance in a panel of 406 white Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata) breeding lines using a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Results Population structure analysis using 5,581 SNPs differentiated the 406 genotypes into four distinct sub-groups (K = 4). Marker-trait association (MTA) analysis using the generalized linear model identified ten QTN regions significant for TYP and five for YMV. We identified variants responsible for predicting higher yield and low virus severity scores in the breeding panel through the marker-effect prediction. Gene annotation for the significant SNP loci identified several essential putative genes associated with the growth and development of tuber yield and those that code for tolerance to mosaic virus. Conclusion Our results provide valuable insight for marker validation and deployment for tuber yield and mosaic virus tolerance in white yam breeding. The information on SNP variants and genes from the present study would fast-track the application of genomics-informed selection decisions in breeding white Guinea yam for rapid introgression of the targeted traits.

scholarly journals Agronomic Performance of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) Fertilized with Poultry Manure Enriched with Oil Palm Refuse Bunch Ash in a Low Fertile Soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kolawole LAW-OGBOMO ◽  
Sunday A OGEDEGBE ◽  
Sylvester U EWANSIHA
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Number Of Branches

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the efficiency of poultry manure enriched with oil palm refuse bunch ash (OPRBA) on the growth and yield of sweet potato in a low fertile soil. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments involved five rates (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 t ha-1) of oil palm refuse bunch ash (OPRBA) in the first year of the experiment. In the second year, the treatments were 0, 4, 6, 8 and 10 t ha-1 of OPRBA. All plots were treated with a basal application of 15 t ha-1 of poultry manure. Data were collected on vine length (cm), number of branches, number of nodes, number of leaves, leaf area index (LAI) and total dry weight (g m-2) at 8 weeks after planting. Data on yield components were collected on tuber length (cm), tuber girth (cm), number of tubers, tuber size (kg), tuber weight (kg) and tuber yield (t ha-1). The results showed that vine length, number of branches, number of nodes, number of leaves and leaf area index and total dry weight increased significantly (p < 0.05) while increasing the rate of OPRBA. The highest tuber yield (50.22 t ha-1) was recorded for plants treated with 6 t ha-1 of OPRBA in 2016. In 2017, plants treated with 6, 8 and 10 t ha-1 OPRBA had the highest tuber yield (29.10, 30.00 and 32.00 t ha-1, respectively). Tuber yield correlated significantly (p < 0.05) and positively with total dry weight (r = 0.748), LAI (r = 0.938), number of branches (r = 0.679), number of leaves (r = 0.879), number of nodes (r = 0.440), number of tubers (r = 0.561), tuber girth (r = 0.751), tuber length (r = 0.864), tuber size (r = 0.952) and vine length (r = 0.940). It is therefore suggested that poultry manure at the rate of 15 t ha-1 should be enriched with OPRBA at the rate of 6 t ha-1 for optimum production of sweet potato.

Daminozide reduces mean weight of potato tubers but fails to increase uniformity

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
IA Rogers ◽  
BW Philp ◽  
TK Twigden
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Market Requirement

At 3 sites in South Australia daminozide reduced mean potato tuber weight by 9-13% (P<0.05). Total yield of potatoes was reduced by 6-11%, although the effect was significant (P< 0.01) at only 1 site (Purnong Landing, reduction 11%). There were no effects of daminozide on tuber number, uniformity of tuber weight, specific gravity of tubers (at 1 site) or yield of ware grade tubers (80-350 g fresh weight). However, daminozide increased yield of grades (90-130 g) by 40% and decreased yield of grades (260-350 g) by 32% (P<0.05). In achieving these results, rates of 0.85, 1.7, 3.4 and 6.8 kg a.i. ha-l of daminozide were about equally effective. We conclude that, unless there is a market requirement for tubers of 90-130 g in weight, daminozide should not be used for the cultivars Sebago, Exton and Coliban if haulms are killed by herbicide or disease from 15 to 30 days before natural plant senescence. Stem length and leaf area index were reduced early in the season by daminozide, but late in the season leaf area index was increased.

scholarly journals Potato Phosphorus Response in Soils with High Value of Phosphorus

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Ahmed Jasim ◽  
Lakesh K. Sharma ◽  
Ahmed Zaeen ◽  
Sukhwinder K. Bali ◽  
Aaron Buzza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
P Application

Phosphorus (P) is an element that is potatoes require in large amounts. Soil pH is a crucial factor impacting phosphorus availability in potato production. This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of P application rates on the P efficiency for tuber yield, specific gravity, and P uptake. Additionally, the relationship between soil pH and total potato tuber yield was determined. Six rates of P fertilization (0–280 kg P ha−1) were applied at twelve different sites across Northern Maine. Yield parameters were not responsive to P application rates. However, regression analysis showed that soil pH was significantly correlated with total potato tuber yield(R2 = 0.38). Sites with soil pH values < 6 had total tuber yields, marketable tuber yields, tuber numbers per plant, and total tuber mean weights that were all higher than these same parameters at sites with soil pH ≥ 6. All sites with soil pH< 6 showed a highly correlated relationship between P uptake and petiole dry weight (R2 = 0.76). The P application rate of 56 kg P ha−1 was the best at sites with a soil pH < 6, but 0–56 kg P ha−1 was the best at sites with soil pH ≥ 6.

scholarly journals Yam Protection: I: Seed-Piece Treatment with Fungicide

1969 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192
Author(s):  
J. S. Mignucci ◽  
P. R. Hepperly ◽  
H. Vélez ◽  
R. Torres
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Good Seed ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Dioscorea Rotundata ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Field Plots

Preplant fungicide baths were tested on yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir cv. Habanero) seed pieces (114-g sections) from sound tubers to determine their effect on emergence and yield of yams. Field plots were free of damaging populations of parasitic nematodes and had not been previously planted with yams. Yam seed pieces treated with captan or captan plus thiabendazole or captan plus benomyl increased field emergence (95, 96 and 91%, respectively) over that of nontreated controls (52%). Early emergence (5 weeks after planting) was greater for captan plus thiabendazole (24%) than for captan plus benomyl (1%), captan alone (2%), or the nontreated control (1%). Final stand counts (9 weeks after planting) were not statistically different among the fungicide treatments (91-96%). These counts were highly correlated with total tuber yield (r = 0.84**), total number of harvested tubers (r = 0.77**), and mean tuber weight (r = 0.74**). Plants from nontreated seed pieces produced a higher number of tubers per plant (1.64) compared with those from fungicide treated seed-pieces (1.16-1.20). Yield losses in nontreated seed pieces (48%) were related to losses in mean tuber weight (37%) and in total number of tubers (20%) per area when compared to the treated seed pieces. Greatest per plant and total yield and greatest tuber weight were found for the captan plus thiabendazole treatment, compared with captan alone or captan plus benomyl. Early and greater emergence of yam seed pieces appear to be important determinants of yield and tuber size in Habanero yams. In this experiment, even with good seed pieces and in a well-prepared seedbed, yam emergence and yield were diminished by one-half without fungicide treatment.

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