Sex Differences in Memory Performance among Korean Children

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim,Hong-Keun ◽  
김용숙
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Korean Children

Subjective Cognitive Decline and its Relation to Verbal Memory and Sex in Cognitively Unimpaired Individuals from a Colombian Cohort with Autosomal-Dominant Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jairo E. Martinez ◽  
Enmanuelle Pardilla-Delgado ◽  
Edmarie Guzmán-Vélez ◽  
Clara Vila-Castelar ◽  
Rebecca Amariglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Mutation Carriers ◽  
Study Partner

Abstract Objective: Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) may be an early indicator of risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Findings regarding sex differences in SCD are inconsistent. Studying sex differences in SCD within cognitively unimpaired individuals with autosomal-dominant AD (ADAD), who will develop dementia, may inform sex-related SCD variations in preclinical AD. We examined sex differences in SCD within cognitively unimpaired mutation carriers from the world’s largest ADAD kindred and sex differences in the relationship between SCD and memory performance. Methods: We included 310 cognitively unimpaired Presenilin-1 (PSEN-1) E280A mutation carriers (51% females) and 1998 noncarrier family members (56% females) in the study. Subjects and their study partners completed SCD questionnaires and the CERAD word list delayed recall test. ANCOVAs were conducted to examine group differences in SCD, sex, and memory performance. In carriers, partial correlations were used to examine associations between SCD and memory performance covarying for education. Results: Females in both groups had greater self-reported and study partner-reported SCD than males (all p < 0.001). In female mutation carriers, greater self-reported (p = 0.02) and study partner-reported SCD (p < 0.001) were associated with worse verbal memory. In male mutation carriers, greater self-reported (p = 0.03), but not study partner-reported SCD (p = 0.11) was associated with worse verbal memory. Conclusions: Study partner-reported SCD may be a stronger indicator of memory decline in females versus males in individuals at risk for developing dementia. Future studies with independent samples and preclinical trials should consider sex differences when recruiting based on SCD criteria.

scholarly journals Preliminary Evidence for a Sex-Specific Relationship between Amount of Cannabis Use and Neurocognitive Performance in Young Adult Cannabis Users

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1009-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natania A. Crane ◽  
Randi Melissa Schuster ◽  
Raul Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests neuropsychological deficits from cannabis use, with a burgeoning area of preclinical research indicating possible sex-differences. However, few studies have examined how cannabis use may differentially impact neurocognition in male and female cannabis users. As such, we examined potential sex-differences in associations between amount of cannabis use (across several time frames) and neurocognitive performance among young adult regular cannabis users. Consistent with previous studies, more cannabis use was generally associated with poorer episodic memory and decision-making, but not other measures of inhibitory control. However, patterns of results suggested sex-specific dissociations. In particular, more cannabis use was more consistently associated with poorer episodic memory performance in females than males. Conversely, more cannabis use was associated with poorer decision-making performance for males, but not females. These results provide further evidence for residual cannabis-associated neurocognitive deficits and suggest the importance of examining the impact of cannabis on neurocognition separately for males and females. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–7)

Sex Differences in Memory Estimates for Pictures and Words

2000 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos D. Ionescu
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Recall Test ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Correct Recall ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pictures And Words ◽  
Performance Estimates

Memory performance estimates of men and women before and after a recall test were investigated. College students (17 men and 20 women), all juniors, participated in a memory task involving the recall of 80 stimuli (40 pictures and 40 words). Before and after the task they were asked to provide estimates of their pre- and postrecall performance. Although no sex differences were found for total correct recall, recall for pictures, and recall for words, or in the estimates of memory performance before the recall task, there were significant differences after the test: women underestimated their performance on the words and men underestimated their performance on the picture items.

Sex Differences in Working Memory Performance are Related to Childhood Trauma and Psychotic-Like Experiences

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. S221-S222
Author(s):  
Arielle Ered ◽  
Charlotte Chun ◽  
Gina Creatura ◽  
Lauren Ellman
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Memory Performance

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Cognitive Functioning in At-Risk Mental State for Psychosis, First Episode Psychosis and Healthy Control Subjects

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ittig ◽  
E. Studerus ◽  
M. Papmeyer ◽  
M. Uttinger ◽  
S. Koranyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
At Risk Mental State

AbstractBackground:Several sex differences in schizophrenia have been reported including differences in cognitive functioning. Studies with schizophrenia patients and healthy controls (HC) indicate that the sex advantage for women in verbal domains is also present in schizophrenia patients. However, findings have been inconsistent. No study focused on sex-related cognitive performance differences in at-risk mental state for psychosis (ARMS) individuals yet. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate sex differences in cognitive functioning in ARMS, first episode psychosis (FEP) and HC subjects. We expected a better verbal learning and memory performance of women in all groups.Methods:The neuropsychological data analysed in this study were collected within the prospective Früherkennung von Psychosen (FePsy) study. In total, 118 ARMS, 88 FEP individuals and 86 HC completed a cognitive test battery covering the domains of executive functions, attention, working memory, verbal learning and memory, IQ and speed of processing.Results:Women performed better in verbal learning and memory regardless of diagnostic group. By contrast, men as compared to women showed a shorter reaction time during the working memory task across all groups.Conclusion:The results provide evidence that women generally perform better in verbal learning and memory, independent of diagnostic group (ARMS, FEP, HC). The finding of a shorter reaction time for men in the working memory task could indicate that men have a superior working memory performance since they responded faster during the target trials, while maintaining a comparable overall working memory performance level.

Sex Differences in Memory Estimates, Revisited

2002 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos D. Ionescu
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Correct Recall ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Performance Estimates

207 undergraduate students (95 men and 112 women) representing all four years in college provided estimates of memory performance before and after a recall task involving 80 stimuli (40 pictures and 40 words). The study was intended as a replication of the work of Ionescu in 2000 wherein men underestimated their performance on the picture items and women underestimated their performance on the words. No sex differences were found for correct recall totals, recall for pictures, recall for words, and total prerecall performance estimates. Although both men and women underestimated their pre- and postrecall performance, women underestimated their postrecall performance more than men. More importantly, men underestimated their performance on recall of pictures, whereas women underestimated their performance on the word items, thereby validating prior results with a larger sample. The possible bases for this phenomenon are still not clear.

An Examination of Study Time Allocation as a Contributor to Sex Differences in Multitrial Verbal Learning Performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412198929
Author(s):  
Lacy E. Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Study Time ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Superiority Effect ◽  
Study Time Allocation

Researchers have noted sex differences in verbal memory performance with females showing a memory superiority effect. Research paradigms have largely incorporated experimenter-timed materials. Therefore, the extent to which self-regulating study time influences this pattern of sex differences is unclear. The researcher reexamined data from a published paper to determine whether sex differences in multitrial verbal learning are minimized when individuals self-regulate their study time, or if sex differences would still remain. The results from this study showed that females outperformed males on subsequent test trials, and they allocated more study time. Controlling for the influence of study time allocation reduced or eliminated sex differences in memory performance, and only study time allocation was related to whether items were gained or lost across trials. These findings suggest the importance of self-regulated learning in reducing sex differences on a verbal memory task and the contribution of study time allocation to memory performance.

scholarly journals Sex differences in age- and performance-related patterns of brain activity during episodic encoding and retrieval of spatial contextual details

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivaniya Subramaniapillai ◽  
Sricharana Rajagopal ◽  
Abdelhalim Elshiekh ◽  
Stamatoula Pasvanis ◽  
Elizabeth Ankudowich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Decline ◽  
Retrieval Accuracy ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Episodic Encoding ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Context Memory

AbstractAging is associated with episodic memory decline and alterations in memory-related brain function. However, it remains unclear if age-related memory decline is associated with similar patterns of brain aging in women and men. In the current task fMRI study, we tested the hypothesis that there are sex differences in the effect of age and memory performance on brain activity during episodic encoding and retrieval of face-location associations (spatial context memory). Forty-one women and 41 men between the ages of 21 to 76 years participated in this study. Between-group multivariate partial least squares (PLS) analysis of the fMRI data was conducted to directly test for sex-group differences and similarities in age-related and performance-related patterns of brain activity. Our behavioural analysis indicated no significant sex differences in retrieval accuracy on the fMRI tasks. In relation to performance effects, we observed similarities and differences in how retrieval accuracy related to brain activity in women and men. Both sexes activated dorsal and lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), inferior parietal cortex (IPC) and left parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) at encoding and this supported subsequent memory performance. However, there were sex differences in retrieval activity in these same regions and in lateral occipital-temporal and ventrolateral PFC. In relation to age effects, we observed sex differences in the effect of age on memory-related activity within PFC, IPC, PHG and lateral occipital-temporal cortices. Overall, our findings suggest that the neural correlates of age-related spatial context memory decline differ in women compared to men.

No Sex Differences in Memory Formation during General Anesthesia

2006 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 920-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Stonell ◽  
Kate Leslie ◽  
Cheng He ◽  
Leonard Lee
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Bispectral Index ◽  
Explicit Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Hit Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Memory ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Background Women respond differently to anesthesia than men, initially recovering more rapidly, but having more postoperative morbidity. Studies on surgical patients report evidence of memory formation during anesthesia. However, sex differences in memory formation have not been explored. Therefore, the authors investigated sex differences in the implicit and explicit memory formation during general anesthesia. Methods With ethics committee approval, 120 consenting adult patients scheduled to undergo surgery during general anesthesia were recruited. Intraoperatively, 16 target words were presented to patients via headphones, and the Bispectral Index was recorded. Postoperatively, memory for presented words was tested using a word stem completion test. The test was divided into inclusion and exclusion parts, to delineate implicit and explicit memory contributions. Results Target and distracter hit rates were similar in men and women. For the whole study group, there was a significant difference between inclusion target hit rate (0.42) and base hit rate (0.39) (P = 0.01). Buchner's model suggested that this memory formation was attributable to both implicit and explicit memory. A Bispectral Index value greater than 50 was the only significant predictor of inclusion target hit rate. None of the patients were able to consciously recall the words presented during surgery. Conclusions Patients showed greater memory performance for words presented during general anesthesia than for words not presented. However, sex differences in memory formation were not observed. A relation between hypnotic state and memory during sevoflurane anesthesia was also established, suggesting that memory formation is possible even at hypnotic depths considered to be adequate anesthesia.

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