Improvement on the concentrated grape juice physico-chemical characteristics by an enzymatic treatment and Membrane Separation Processes

ABSTRACT In this work, the improvement on the concentrated grape juice physico-chemical characteristics by using an enzymatic treatment followed by Membrane Separation Process (MSP) has been investigated. By using Novozym 33095(r) and Ultrazym AFP L(r) enzymes varying three operating parameters, the best result on the grape pulp characteristics was attained for the Novozym 33095(r) performed at 35oC, 15 min. and 50 mgL-1. In micro/ultra filtration processes after enzymatic pretreatment, the best performance of the MSP with high permeate flux value and suitable grape juice characteristics was attained using 0.05 mm membrane pore size, 1 bar pressure and 40 oC treatment temperature. When reverse osmosis process is operated at 40 bar and 40oC, high soluble solid and low turbidity values are attained. An enzymatic treatment along with MSP has shown an alternative and efficient grape juice processing system, being possible to extend to other foods.

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A review on membrane applications and transport mechanisms in vacuum membrane distillation

Reviews in Chemical Engineering ◽

10.1515/revce-2016-0050 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Rakesh Baghel ◽

Sushant Upadhyaya ◽

Kailash Singh ◽

Satyendra P. Chaurasia ◽

Akhilendra B. Gupta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Membrane Fouling ◽

Membrane Separation ◽

Critical Evaluation ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Membrane Distillation ◽

Permeate Flux ◽

Separation Processes ◽

Vacuum Membrane Distillation ◽

Polarization Coefficient ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe main aim of this article is to provide a state-of-the-art review of the experimental studies on vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) process. An introduction to the history of VMD is carried out along with the other membrane distillation configurations. Recent developments in process, characterization of membrane, module design, transport phenomena, and effect of operating parameters on permeate flux are discussed for VMD in detail. Several heat and mass transfer correlations obtained by various researchers for different VMD modules have been discussed. The impact of membrane fouling with its control in VMD is discussed in detail. In this paper, temperature polarization coefficient and concentration polarization coefficient are elaborated in detail. Integration of VMD with other membrane separation processes/industrial processes have been explained to improve the performance of the system and make it more energy efficient. A critical evaluation of the VMD literature is incorporated throughout this review.

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Blending of Kokum Extract in Concord Grape Juice: Study on Physico-Chemical Characteristics, Sensory Quality and Storage

International Journal of Food and Fermentation Technology ◽

10.5958/j.2277-9396.3.1.008 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 79 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Siddharth ◽

Ajay Kumar Sharma

Keyword(s):

Sensory Quality ◽

Grape Juice ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Concord Grape ◽

And Storage

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Treatment and Utilization of the Concentrate from Membrane Separation Processes of Landfill Leachates

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports ◽

10.2478/ceer-2020-0022 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 92-104

Author(s):

Rafał Nowak ◽

Maria Włodarczyk-Makuła

Keyword(s):

Advanced Oxidation Process ◽

Membrane Separation ◽

Inorganic Compounds ◽

Atmospheric Precipitation ◽

The Body ◽

Landfill Leachates ◽

Separation Processes ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

High Concentrations

AbstractThe purpose of the paper was to assess the effectiveness of selected physico-chemical processes to improve the quality of retentates/concentrates obtained during the treatment of landfill leachates using membrane separation. Among the physico-chemical methods, Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) and electrocoagulation were analysed. Landfill leachate resulting from the infiltration of waste mass by atmospheric precipitation as well as the dissolution and leaching of waste components are most often subjected to membrane separation. Permeate is usually discharged to the receiver, while the concentrate is recirculated and sprinkled on a waste pile. However, such action is only the retention of impurities in the body of the landfill and has an impact on the chemistry of raw leachates. Due to the very high concentrations of organic and inorganic compounds identified in the retentate, it is necessary to treat it, which will effectively reduce the amount of impurities in the leachate. Economic use seems to be another solution. An example would be growing energy crops but such application requires additional research.

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Characteristic and Performance of Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membranes Blended with Lithium Chloride in Direct Contact Membrane Distillation

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v69.3404 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 69 (9) ◽

Author(s):

S. O. Lai ◽

K. C. Chong ◽

K. M. Lee ◽

W. J. Lau ◽

B. S. Ooi

Keyword(s):

Lithium Chloride ◽

Direct Contact ◽

Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽

Membrane Separation ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Membrane Distillation ◽

Inversion Method ◽

Permeate Flux ◽

Separation Processes ◽

Direct Contact Membrane Distillation

Membrane distillation (MD) is one of the recent rising membrane separation techniques adopted in the desalination and wastewater treatment. Unlike other pressure-driven separation processes such as reverse osmosis and nanofiltration, MD is a thermal-driven process which involves vapor pressure difference across the feed and permeates solutions. As such, MD requires low energy consumption. Hydrophobic polymeric materials such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are frequently used in direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) due to low surface energy and promising thermal resistance. In this study, the DCMD hollow fiber membranes were separately prepared with PVDF and PVDF blended with lithium chloride (LiCl) through dry/wet phase inversion method. Subsequently, the membranes were used in a DCMD process to remove sodium chloride (NaCl) under different feed inlet temperatures to examine the effect of LiCl additives on the neat membrane. The result showed that by adding LiCl into the neat membrane solution, the finger-like structure was change to a sponge-like structure with microvoids. Furthermore, the performance of the LiCl additive membrane in term of permeate flux was found to be 20% higher compared to that of the neat membrane. Other results of the membrane characteristics were also discussed.

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Physico-chemical Characteristics of Nanovesicle−Carbohydrate Complexes in Grape Juice Concentrate

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/jf072928h ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 1305-1315 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jissy K. Jacob ◽

Gopinadhan Paliyath

Keyword(s):

Grape Juice ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Juice Concentrate

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Permeate Flux in Ultrafiltration Membrane: A Review

Journal of Applied Membrane Science & Technology ◽

10.11113/amst.v14i1.91 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

A. Beicha ◽

R. Zaamouch ◽

N. M. Sulaiman

Keyword(s):

Membrane Filtration ◽

Membrane Separation ◽

Size Range ◽

Membrane Surface ◽

Separation Performance ◽

Permeate Flux ◽

Predictive Capability ◽

Separation Processes ◽

Ultrafiltration Pressure ◽

Rate Limiting

Membrane processes exist for most of the fluid separations encountered in industry. The most widely used is membrane ultrafiltration, pressure driven process which is capable of separating particles in the approximate size range of 0.001 to 0.1 μm. The design of membrane separation processes, like all other processes, requires quantitative expressions relating material properties to separation performance. The factors controlling the performance of ultrafiltration are extensively reviewed. There have been a number of seminal approaches in this field. Most have been based on the rate limiting effects of the concentration polarization of the separated particles at the membrane surface. Various rigorous, empirical and intuitive models exist, which have been critically assessed in terms of their predictive capability and applicability. The decision as to which of the membrane filtration models is the most correct in predicting permeation rates is a matter of difficulty and appears to depend on the nature of the dispersion to separated.

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A Comprehensive Review on Membrane Fouling: Mathematical Modelling, Prediction, Diagnosis, and Mitigation

Water ◽

10.3390/w13091327 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1327

Author(s):

Nour AlSawaftah ◽

Waad Abuwatfa ◽

Naif Darwish ◽

Ghaleb Husseini

Keyword(s):

Membrane Fouling ◽

Membrane Separation ◽

Diagnostic Techniques ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Special Focus ◽

Permeate Flux ◽

Separation Processes ◽

Improved Performance ◽

Inducing Factors ◽

Prediction Techniques

Membrane-based separation has gained increased popularity over the past few decades, particularly reverse osmosis (RO). A major impediment to the improved performance of membrane separation processes, in general, is membrane fouling. Fouling has detrimental effects on the membrane’s performance and integrity, as the deposition and accumulation of foulants on its surface and/or within its pores leads to a decline in the permeate flux, deterioration of selectivity, and permeability, as well as a significantly reduced lifespan. Several factors influence the fouling-propensity of a membrane, such as surface morphology, roughness, hydrophobicity, and material of fabrication. Generally, fouling can be categorized into particulate, organic, inorganic, and biofouling. Efficient prediction techniques and diagnostics are integral for strategizing control, management, and mitigation interventions to minimize the damage of fouling occurrences in the membranes. To improve the antifouling characteristics of RO membranes, surface enhancements by different chemical and physical means have been extensively sought after. Moreover, research efforts have been directed towards synthesizing membranes using novel materials that would improve their antifouling performance. This paper presents a review of the different membrane fouling types, fouling-inducing factors, predictive methods, diagnostic techniques, and mitigation strategies, with a special focus on RO membrane fouling.

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Removal of Amines from Wastewater Using Membrane Separation Processes

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.639 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 625 ◽

pp. 639-643

Author(s):

Ma Umaira Suhaddha Zainal Abidin ◽

Hilmi Mukhtar ◽

Maizatul Shima Shaharun

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Flow Velocity ◽

Membrane Separation ◽

Cross Flow ◽

Operating Pressure ◽

Permeate Flux ◽

Feed Concentration ◽

Separation Processes ◽

Increase With Increase ◽

Cross Flow Velocity

Natural gas is one of the energy sources in the world. It consists of predominantly methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), ethylene (C2H4), propane (C3H8) butane (C4H10), pentane (C5H12) and some impurities particularly hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2) that need to be treated prior utilized. Amine solution such as diisopropanolamine (DIPA) is used to remove the CO2 and H2S in natural gas processing. However a small amount of amines losses in some unit operations causing amines discharged into the effluent wastewater. The objective of this study are to investigate the flux of water and permeate, and rejection of DIPA solution across reverse osmosis, nanofiltration and ultrafiltration membrane which known as AFC99, AFC40 and CA202 respectively. This paper studies the effect of cross-flow velocity on permeate flux and the effect of feed concentration on observed rejection of DIPA solution across AFC99, AFC40 and CA202 over the operating pressure. The results showed a significant role of cross-flow velocity on membrane performance from aspect flux obtained and phenomenon of concentration polarization that would increase the transport resistance of permeate flow. The highest flux can be achieved by high cross-flow velocity. While for rejection study, rejection of all membranes increase with increase of pressure yet decrease with concentration.

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Sonicated membrane separation

Progress in Agricultural Engineering Sciences ◽

10.1556/446.14.2018.s1.9 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (s1) ◽

pp. 89-99

Author(s):

Balázs Lemmer ◽

Szabolcs Kertész ◽

Gábor Keszthelyi-Szabó ◽

Kerime Özel ◽

Cecilia Hodúr

Keyword(s):

Membrane Fouling ◽

Membrane Separation ◽

Fermentation Broth ◽

Membrane Surface ◽

Permeate Flux ◽

Separation Processes ◽

Xylanase Enzyme ◽

Stirred Cell ◽

Hydrolysis Of

Membrane separation processes are currently proven technologies in many areas. The main limitation of these processes is the accumulation of matter at the membrane surface which leads to two phenomena: concentration polarization and membrane fouling. According to the publications of numerous authors permeate flux could be increased by sonication. Our work focuses on separation of real broth by sonicated ultrafiltration. The broth was originated from hydrolysis of grounded corn-cob by xylanase enzyme. The filtration was carried out in a laboratory batch stirred cell with a sonication rod sonicator. In our work the effect of the stirring, the intensity of sonication and the membrane-transducer distance was studied on the efficiency of the ultrafiltration and on the quality of separated enzymes. Results reveal that xylanase enzyme can be effectively separated from real fermentation broth by ultrafiltration and enzymes keep their activity after the process. Enzyme activity tests show that low energy sonication is not harmful to the enzyme.

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