scholarly journals Hysteria to conversion disorders: Babinski's contributions

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleide da Mota Gomes ◽  
Eliasz Engelhardt
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Disorder ◽  
Conversion Disorders ◽  
The One

The main objective of this paper is to present the importance of hysteria on Babinski's oeuvre, and the conceptions of pithiatism from Babinski until the one of conversion disorder. Babinski gave a mental basis for hysteria in the place of Charcot's encephalopatic one, and several important semiotic tools to differentiate organic from hysterical manifestations based on studies from 1893-1917/8. His teachings were spread worldwide, and in Brazil they were also appreciated in the work on hysteria by Antonio Austregesilo, the first Brazilian neurology chairman. The neurobiological basis of hysteria conceived by Charcot is nowadays reappraised, and Babinski's neurosemiological contribution is everlasting. The patients believed to be hysterical, and the two outstanding neurologists, Charcot and Babinski, gave support for the development of the modern neurology.

scholarly journals A Cross-Cultural Values-Based Approach to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dissociative (Conversion) Disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
Anna Todeva-Radneva ◽  
Asen Beshkov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Conversion Disorder ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Beliefs And Values ◽  
Conversion Disorders ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Clinical Episode ◽  
The One

AbstractThis case report presents the story of a young woman of Romani descent with a mixed dissociative (conversion) disorder within the contextual evidence-based and value-based medical framework. By painting the picture illustrating the course of her illness and the circumstances leading to the last clinical episode, compelling her most recent hospitalization, we delineate the contrast between common clinical phenomenology and the additional layers of the patient’s beliefs and values. Thus, we emphasize the importance of expanding the one-dimensional mainstream evidence-based approach, not only in cases of cross-cultural doctor-patient interactions but also in general medical practice, since the health attitudes and illness behaviors of every individual are influenced by their values and beliefs. In addition, the contemporary notion of medicine as a factual science requires a paradigm shift toward integrative multifaceted approaches if we as doctors are to treat human beings and not merely diseases.

scholarly journals Characteristics and outcomes of children with dissociative (conversion) disorders in western China: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhixu Fang ◽  
Yuhang Li ◽  
Lingling Xie ◽  
Min Cheng ◽  
Jiannan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Junior College ◽  
Conversion Disorder ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Western China ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Conversion Disorders ◽  
Close Relationship

Abstract Background Dissociative (conversion) disorder in children is a complex biopsychosocial disorder with high rates of medical and psychiatric comorbidities. We sought to identify the characteristics and outcomes of children with dissociative (conversion) disorders in western China. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 66 children admitted with dissociative (conversion) disorders from January 2017 to July 2019, and analyzed their clinical characteristics, socio-cultural environmental variables, and personality and psychiatric/psychological characteristics. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the variables associated with clinical efficacy. Results Of these 66 patients, 38 (57.6%) were male and 28 (42.4%) were female, 46 (69.7%) had an antecedent stressor, 30 (45.5%) were left-behind adolescents, and 16 (24.2%) were from single-parent families. In addition, 30 patients (45.5%) were not close to their parents, 38 patients (59.4%) had an introverted personality, and 34 (53.1%) had unstable emotions. Thirteen families (19.7%) were uncooperative with the treatment. Patients who had cormorbid anxiety or depression exhibited significantly lower cognitive ability (P < 0.01). Logistic regression found that better treatment outcomes were positively associated with having a close relationship with parents, parental cooperation with treatment, and having a father with a lower level of education (i.e., less than junior college or higher). Conclusions The characteristics and outcomes of children with dissociative (conversion) disorders are related to socio-cultural environmental variables and psychiatric/psychological factors. Timely recognition and effective treatment of dissociative (conversion) disorders are important.

HYSTERICAL BELCHING AND HYPERVENTILATION: A RARE CASE REPORT

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
Vijay Raj Pratheek P ◽  
Ganta Akhila
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Conversion Disorder ◽  
Conversion Disorders ◽  
Rare Case Report ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Organic Disorder

Hysteria can present as similar to medical and organic disorder . Conversion symptoms may usually appear due to various stressors and emotional conicts in the individual. The bodily sensations or functions can be inuenced by a disorder of mind. Psychogenic origin of Belching is not unheard of and can be a part of conversion disorder, even though rare. Hyperventilation can occur due to psychogenic aetiology as a manifestation of somatisation and conversion disorders.

scholarly journals Conversion disorder: the modern hysteria

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colm Owens ◽  
Simon Dein
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Conversion Disorder ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Organic Disease ◽  
Conversion Disorders ◽  
Case Vignettes

Conversion disorders tend to be poorly understood and diagnosis can be difficult. In this article, we aim to clarify what conversion disorders are and how they can be distinguished from other psychiatric disorders that involve physical symptoms. Prevalence, prognosis and relationship to organic disease are controversial areas; we outline what is known about them and provide some historical context. Aetiological theories and management strategies are discussed, the latter with the aid of case vignettes.

STROKE MIMICS: A PSYCHOGENIC STROKE PATIENT TREATED WITH ALTEPLASE

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Dariusz Kotlęga ◽  
Barbara Peda ◽  
Tomasz Trochanowski ◽  
Monika Gołąb-Janowska ◽  
Sylwester Ciećwież ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Conversion Disorder ◽  
Initial Diagnosis ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Stroke Mimics ◽  
Conversion Disorders ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Intravenous Alteplase ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Stroke Mimic

For rtPA treatment to be effective it should be initiated within the first 4.5 hours following the onset of a stroke. Such a short therapeutic window demands a rapid diagnosis and decision making on the part of the physician. There are patients with stroke-like symptoms and an initial diagnosis of a stroke, but who are finally diagnosed as suffering from another condition. According to the subject literature, stroke mimics are diagnosed in about 1.4 – 3.5% of patients initially diagnosed as having had an ischemic stroke. Psychogenic strokes (conversion disorders) may be found in as many as 8.2% of stroke patients. Proper diagnosis is especially important in patients eligible for thrombolytic treatment when there is usually not enough time to establish the diagnosis of a stroke mimic, especially one of psychogenic origin. A patient with an initial diagnosis of an ischemic stroke who was treated with intravenous alteplase infusion. The previous two ischemic strokes treated in the same manner had been diagnosed one and two years earlier. In all hospitalizations no rtPA treatment complications had been observed. In our patient a proper neuropsychological examination was performed and a conversion disorder diagnosed. We would like to underline the importance of cooperation between the neuropsychologist and neurology physician within clinical practice.

scholarly journals Conversion Disorder in Children: Characteristics and Gender Differences

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Anupama ◽  
Uttam Shelar ◽  
Jitty George ◽  
Babool Raja
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Conversion Disorder ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Motor Disorder ◽  
Conversion Disorders ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
And Gender

Aim: To study the clinical presentations and gender differences of conversion disorder in children less than 16 year old and correlate it with socio-demographic characteristics and stress factors. Methods: All case records of children presenting to psychiatry unit of a general hospital during last 5 years (both outpatient and inpatient) and having a diagnosis of ICD-10 Dissociative (conversion) disorders, were reviewed. Results: A total of 12 % ( n=512) had a diagnosis of conversion disorder, both genders having equal representation. Dissociative motor disorder was more common among males and dissociative convulsions among females. Academic and strained interpersonal relationships were the most common stress factors. Majority had la belle indifference and secondary gain and received outpatient treatment, and had complete recovery at last follow up. Conclusions: Conversion disorders are one of the most common diagnosis. Significant gender differences in mode of presentation and nature of stress are present. However the response to treatment is prompt and chance of recovery is high in both genders. Relevance: This study was done in a developing country where conversion disorder is seen commonly.

scholarly journals Somatoform and conversion disorders as psychological defences

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (73) (1) ◽  
pp. 217-225
Author(s):  
Elena Andreea Mut ◽  
Cristina Pălădoiu ◽  
Monica Stănescu
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Conversion Disorder ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Conversion Disorders ◽  
Psychological Conflict ◽  
Organic Condition ◽  
Substance Consumption ◽  
Intrapsychic Conflicts

Conversion disorder is the clinical situation in which one or more symptoms can present deficits that affect motor or sensory function and suggest a neurological or organic condition. Psychological factors are decisive, and they usually include a major anxiety generated by intrapsychic conflicts, which are converted by unconscious defense mechanism into symptoms. The symptoms are not intentionally provoked or simulated nor are explained by organic suffering or substance consumption. They affect the quality of life of the person who presents significant deficits such as motor, sensory, convulsive or mixed. It may also occur a lack of coordination, ataxia, paralysis, tremor, aphonia, difficulties at swallowing, loss of sensitivity, anesthesia that does not follow anatomical nervous trajectories, blindness or mental deafness. Consciousness is not altered, but a condition of "la belle indifference" appears which is rather associated with histrionic personality disorders and what the patients imagine about their own illness or suffering. This condition is unstable and changing. The primary gain is the expression of an unconscious psychological conflict through a somatic symptom by reducing anxiety and keeping conflict out of consciousness. The secondary gain is external and includes attention and care from caregivers or others.

Colour Vision Disorder due to Conversion Disorders in Childhood

2021 ◽  
Vol 238 (10) ◽  
pp. 1077-1083
Author(s):  
Deborah-Teresa Thieme ◽  
Romuald Brunner ◽  
Stephanie Kandsperger ◽  
Herbert Jägle
Keyword(s):  
Colour Vision ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Multidisciplinary Treatment ◽  
Conversion Disorder ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Vision Disorder ◽  
Conversion Disorders ◽  
Somatic Comorbidity ◽  
Rule Out

Abstract Background Non-organic vision loss can manifest in various ways, most commonly in the form of reduced vision and visual field defects. Colour vision disorders in the context of a conversion disorder have only rarely been reported. Materials and Methods This review presents the case of a 9-year-old boy with a colour vision disorder as the isolated symptom of a conversion disorder. The challenging in this case was an additional somatic comorbidity – a congenital red-green deficiency. Consequently it was difficult to make a diagnosis and to convince the parents. Conclusion It is important to rule out organic causes and establish the diagnosis of a conversion disorder. In these cases, multidisciplinary treatment is crucial for a successful outcome. The diagnosis may be especially challenging when the patients have both somatic and psychogenic complaints.

Neuroanatomy of conversion disorder: towards a network approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismael Conejero ◽  
Eric Thouvenot ◽  
Mocrane Abbar ◽  
Stéphane Mouchabac ◽  
Philippe Courtet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Disorder ◽  
Functional Brain Imaging ◽  
Motor Disorder ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Limb Weakness ◽  
Memory Suppression ◽  
Motor Intention ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Conversion Disorders ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract The pathophysiology of conversion disorder is not well understood, although studies using functional brain imaging in patients with motor and sensory symptoms are progressively increasing. We conducted a systematic review of the literature with the aim of summarising the available data on the neuroanatomical features of this disorder. We also propose a general model of the neurobiological disturbance in motor conversion disorder. We systematically searched articles in Medline using the Medical Subject Headings terms ‘(conversion disorder or hysterical motor disorder) and (neuropsychology or cognition) or (functional magnetic resonance imaging or positron emission tomography or neuroimaging) or (genetics or polymorphisms or epigenetics) or (biomarkers or biology)’, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Two authors independently reviewed the retrieved records and abstracts, assessed the exhaustiveness of data abstraction, and confirmed the quality rating. Analysis of the available literature data shows that multiple specialised brain networks (self-agency, action monitoring, salience system, and memory suppression) influence action selection and modulate supplementary motor area activation. Some findings suggest that conceptualisation of movement and motor intention is preserved in patients with limb weakness. More studies are needed to fully understand the brain alterations in conversion disorders and pave the way for the development of effective therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Dissociative Disorders with Haemolacria: Series of Case Reports

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Md Shafiqur Rahman ◽  
Md Rezaul Karim ◽  
Mohammed Misbahul Islam ◽  
Md Redwanul Karim
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Conversion Disorder ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Dissociative Disorders ◽  
Munchausen Syndrome ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Conversion Disorders ◽  
Systemic Pathology ◽  
Nasal Pathology ◽  
Rare Symptom

Bloody tears (Haemolacria) are a rare symptom that can be caused by local or systemic pathology. It is one of the most alarming symptom in ophthalmology. Besides those, idiopathic cases have been reported. A case of hyperthyroidism where haemolacria was secondary to the condition has also been reported. Haemolacria are also reported as secondary to epistaxis. Psychogenic causes are described including Munchausen Syndrome by proxy. Here we describe a series of four cases of haemolacria along with bleeding from other sites, found as associated features of dissociative disorders. In this series, patients with age ranging from 14-17 years, three of them are female and one male have been included. Examination excluded local ocular and nasal pathology, coagulopathy and hyperthyroidism. In course of their illness, two of these cases met the DSM 5 criteria for both dissociative disorders and conversion disorders, rest of them have been diagnosed as mixed dissociative disorders. After appropriate intervention, three patients recovered completely and in one patient symptoms (also bleeding) recurred on re-exposure to the previous stress factors. We report three cases of Dissociative disorders and one with both dissociative and conversion disorder where bloody tears were one of the feature. To the best of our knowledge this is the first official report of its kind in Bangladesh.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2017; 35(1): 36-42

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