scholarly journals Conversion Disorder in Children: Characteristics and Gender Differences

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Anupama ◽  
Uttam Shelar ◽  
Jitty George ◽  
Babool Raja
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Conversion Disorder ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Motor Disorder ◽  
Conversion Disorders ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
And Gender

Aim: To study the clinical presentations and gender differences of conversion disorder in children less than 16 year old and correlate it with socio-demographic characteristics and stress factors. Methods: All case records of children presenting to psychiatry unit of a general hospital during last 5 years (both outpatient and inpatient) and having a diagnosis of ICD-10 Dissociative (conversion) disorders, were reviewed. Results: A total of 12 % ( n=512) had a diagnosis of conversion disorder, both genders having equal representation. Dissociative motor disorder was more common among males and dissociative convulsions among females. Academic and strained interpersonal relationships were the most common stress factors. Majority had la belle indifference and secondary gain and received outpatient treatment, and had complete recovery at last follow up. Conclusions: Conversion disorders are one of the most common diagnosis. Significant gender differences in mode of presentation and nature of stress are present. However the response to treatment is prompt and chance of recovery is high in both genders. Relevance: This study was done in a developing country where conversion disorder is seen commonly.

Gender Differences in Schizophrenia

1982 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary V. Seeman
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Cumulative Stress

Men with schizophrenia have an earlier age of onset, a somewhat inferior response to treatment and a generally poorer prognosis than women. These findings can perhaps be explained by the existence of two distinct forms of the illness, one with early onset, primarily affecting men, and one with later onset, primarily affecting women. There is not much evidence for this first view. Alternatively, non-specific cumulative stress factors may impinge selectively on the male, reaching the threshold of demonstrable illness at an earlier age. A third possibility is the existence of specific biological protective factors in the female, such as relatively bilateral representation of left hemisphere functions or relative dopaminergic inhibition by estrogens.

Neuroanatomy of conversion disorder: towards a network approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismael Conejero ◽  
Eric Thouvenot ◽  
Mocrane Abbar ◽  
Stéphane Mouchabac ◽  
Philippe Courtet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Disorder ◽  
Functional Brain Imaging ◽  
Motor Disorder ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Limb Weakness ◽  
Memory Suppression ◽  
Motor Intention ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Conversion Disorders ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract The pathophysiology of conversion disorder is not well understood, although studies using functional brain imaging in patients with motor and sensory symptoms are progressively increasing. We conducted a systematic review of the literature with the aim of summarising the available data on the neuroanatomical features of this disorder. We also propose a general model of the neurobiological disturbance in motor conversion disorder. We systematically searched articles in Medline using the Medical Subject Headings terms ‘(conversion disorder or hysterical motor disorder) and (neuropsychology or cognition) or (functional magnetic resonance imaging or positron emission tomography or neuroimaging) or (genetics or polymorphisms or epigenetics) or (biomarkers or biology)’, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Two authors independently reviewed the retrieved records and abstracts, assessed the exhaustiveness of data abstraction, and confirmed the quality rating. Analysis of the available literature data shows that multiple specialised brain networks (self-agency, action monitoring, salience system, and memory suppression) influence action selection and modulate supplementary motor area activation. Some findings suggest that conceptualisation of movement and motor intention is preserved in patients with limb weakness. More studies are needed to fully understand the brain alterations in conversion disorders and pave the way for the development of effective therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Dissociative Disorders with Haemolacria: Series of Case Reports

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Md Shafiqur Rahman ◽  
Md Rezaul Karim ◽  
Mohammed Misbahul Islam ◽  
Md Redwanul Karim
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Conversion Disorder ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Dissociative Disorders ◽  
Munchausen Syndrome ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Conversion Disorders ◽  
Systemic Pathology ◽  
Nasal Pathology ◽  
Rare Symptom

Bloody tears (Haemolacria) are a rare symptom that can be caused by local or systemic pathology. It is one of the most alarming symptom in ophthalmology. Besides those, idiopathic cases have been reported. A case of hyperthyroidism where haemolacria was secondary to the condition has also been reported. Haemolacria are also reported as secondary to epistaxis. Psychogenic causes are described including Munchausen Syndrome by proxy. Here we describe a series of four cases of haemolacria along with bleeding from other sites, found as associated features of dissociative disorders. In this series, patients with age ranging from 14-17 years, three of them are female and one male have been included. Examination excluded local ocular and nasal pathology, coagulopathy and hyperthyroidism. In course of their illness, two of these cases met the DSM 5 criteria for both dissociative disorders and conversion disorders, rest of them have been diagnosed as mixed dissociative disorders. After appropriate intervention, three patients recovered completely and in one patient symptoms (also bleeding) recurred on re-exposure to the previous stress factors. We report three cases of Dissociative disorders and one with both dissociative and conversion disorder where bloody tears were one of the feature. To the best of our knowledge this is the first official report of its kind in Bangladesh.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2017; 35(1): 36-42

A Descriptive Study on the Clinical Correlates of Conversion Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 513-529
Author(s):  
Ronald Roy K
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Conversion Disorder ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Motor Disorder ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Psychiatric Facility ◽  
Conversion Disorders ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Dissociative Convulsions

Aim: Conversion disorder is defined by the presence of deficits affecting the voluntary motor or sensory functions lacking any known neurological cause. The aim of the study is to describe the sociodemographic profile and clinical characteristics including the frequency distribution of various types of presentations of patients with conversion disorders in a tertiary care psychiatric facility and to assess the presence of depression and anxiety and its level of severity in those patients. Methods: After obtaining informed consent, 50 consecutive patients who had met with the ICD-10 diagnosis criteria for conversion disorder and those who meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria, were enrolled for the study. They were interviewed using a semi-structured Performa and were administered Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS) and the results were analysed using SPSS software and interpreted. Results: Majority of the study patients were young adolescents (48%), females (76%), rural residents (60%), mostly unmarried (46%). Dissociative motor disorders (30%) were the most common presentation followed by mixed dissociative disorder (26%) and Dissociative convulsions (22%). HAD scale revealed that, both depression and anxiety scores were significantly high in major number of patients. Conclusion: The most common presenting symptom was that of dissociative motor type followed by dissociative convulsions with considerably high rates of depression (48%) and anxiety (54%). This made us to conclude that conversion as a phenomenon emerges to uphold its significance as a non-verbal communication process of the subconscious Mind. Keywords: Conversion, Dissociation, Hysteria, Dissociative Motor Disorder, Dissociative Convulsions, Laterality, Depression, Anxiety.

scholarly journals Theoretical aspects of gender differences in stress tolerance in the profession of employees in police service

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-29
Author(s):  
Tat'yana Kobysheva ◽  
Lyubov' Kostina
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Important Quality ◽  
Gender Characteristics ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
Operational Activities ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level

The article actualizes the problem of a high level of stress resistance of employees of internal affairs agencies who regardless of gender, must achieve the assigned tasks and carry out effectively operational and service activities in dangerous and extreme conditions. The article presents a theoretical analysis of the scientific views of domestic and foreign scientists of the problem of stress factors and gender differences in stress resistance, levels of stress in the operational activities of employees of internal affairs agencies. Some gender characteristics, stereotypes of feminine and masculine behavior are revealed. The psycho-applied aspects of the problem under study are reflected in the form of the results of psychological observations of the authors of the article on the behavior of employees of the internal affairs agencies according to which male and female employees do not always act according to gender stereotypes of behavior when they find themselves in difficult and dangerous situations. Taking into account the mixed nature of the service collectives of the subdivisions of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia the need for an empirical study aimed at studying the stress resistance of female and male employees of the internal affairs bodies is justified. This study will make it possible to characterize psychological work as differential work, designed for the gender characteristics of employees of the of internal affairs agencies and aimed at developing their stress resistance as a professionally important quality.

Power Strategies in Interpersonal Relationships

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynda M. Sagrestano
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Influence Strategies ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Interpersonal Power ◽  
Power Strategies ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Perceived Power

The present study was designed to examine the effects of both power and gender in the use of influence strategies. Women and men responded to three scenarios in which they interacted with an imagined partner in situations with different levels of interpersonal power: more power than their partner (expert), less power (novice), and the same amount of power (equivalent). Partners were either same sex or other sex. Participants used more direct strategies when they were experts and more indirect strategies when they were novices, and women and men were very similar in the strategies they selected. Overall, power differences had a more profound effect than gender in predicting the choice of influence strategies. What are often construed as gender differences in social influence probably are perceived power differences. As such, gender differences in behavior must be understood within a context of status and power.

Brief Report. The PCL-R and Gender

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Grann
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Violent Offenders ◽  
Matched Pairs ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽  
And Gender

Summary: Hare's Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 1991 ) was originally constructed for use among males in correctional and forensic settings. In this study, the PCL-R protocols of 36 matched pairs of female and male violent offenders were examined with respect to gender differences. The results indicated a few significant differences. By means of discriminant analysis, male Ss were distinguished from their female counterparts through their relatively higher scores on “callous/lack of empathy” (item 8) and “juvenile delinquency” (item 18), whereas the female Ss scored relatively higher on “promiscuous sexual behavior” (item 11). Some sources of bias and possible implications are discussed.

Personal Problem Solving of Partners in Divorce Proceedings

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Soukupova ◽  
Petr Goldmann
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Thematic Apperception Test ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Personal Problem ◽  
Thematic Apperception ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Given

Abstract. The Thematic Apperception Test is one of the most frequently administered apperceptive techniques. Formal scoring systems are helpful in evaluating story responses. TAT stories, made by 20 males and 20 females in the situation of legal divorce proceedings, were coded for detection and comparison of their personal problem solving ability. The evaluating instrument utilized was the Personal Problem Solving System-Revised (PPSS-R) as developed by G. F. Ronan. The results indicate that in relation to card 1, men more often than women saw the cause of the problem as removable. With card 6GF, women were more motivated to resolve the given problem than were men, women had a higher personal control and their stories contained more optimism compared to men’s stories. In relation to card 6BM women, more often than men, used emotions generated from the problem to orient themselves within the problem. With card 13MF, the men’s level of stress was less compared to that of the women, and men were more able to plan within the context of problem-solving. Significant differences in the examined groups were found in those cards which depicted significant gender and parental potentials. The TAT can be used to help identify personality characteristics and gender differences.

Sex and Gender Differences

2012 ◽  
Vol 220 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Hausmann ◽  
Barbara Schober
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sex And Gender Differences
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