scholarly journals Narrative reinventions as cognitive mechanisms for public policy stability: the case of anti-drug policy in Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1613-1631
Author(s):  
Jairo Santander
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Drug Policy ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Drug Control ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
International Pressure ◽  
Institutional Order

Abstract Public policies face major challenges to their consolidation and stability that force rulers to make significant political efforts to keep them alive. Some of these challenges occur by the adjustment of the policy’s idea as an attempt to reduce the possible difficulties caused by public confrontation, thus better adapting them to the reference frame of the actors. Such is the case of Colombia’s drug control policy which did not have sufficient legitimacy to be carried out, despite international pressure, but it was later coupled to the international agenda as a national need. By using the critical discourse analysis, this study verifies how the discursive transformation of this policy took place and the cognitive mechanisms used to reinterpret it as a matter of national security and not international co-responsibility, which allowed consolidation of the current prohibitionist strategy. The results of the study reveal an interpretation of the drug trafficking problem as a threat to the institutional order, which reduces the confrontation capacity of the critics of the proposed policy.

scholarly journals Reinvenções narrativas como mecanismos cognitivos para a estabilidade de políticas públicas: o caso da política antidrogas na Colômbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1613-1631
Author(s):  
Jairo Santander
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Reference Frame ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Drug Control ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
International Pressure ◽  
Institutional Order

Abstract Public policies face major challenges to their consolidation and stability that force rulers to make significant political efforts to keep them alive. Some of these challenges occur by the adjustment of the policy’s idea as an attempt to reduce the possible difficulties caused by public confrontation, thus better adapting them to the reference frame of the actors. Such is the case of Colombia’s drug control policy which did not have sufficient legitimacy to be carried out, despite international pressure, but it was later coupled to the international agenda as a national need. By using the critical discourse analysis, this study verifies how the discursive transformation of this policy took place and the cognitive mechanisms used to reinterpret it as a matter of national security and not international co-responsibility, which allowed consolidation of the current prohibitionist strategy. The results of the study reveal an interpretation of the drug trafficking problem as a threat to the institutional order, which reduces the confrontation capacity of the critics of the proposed policy.

scholarly journals THE ANALYSIS OF IDEOLOGIES IN DONALD TRUMP’S POLITICAL SPEECHES ON NATIONAL SECURITY : A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rize Rahmi Rahmi
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
National Security ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Discursive Practice ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Ideological Discourse ◽  
Political Speeches ◽  
Ideological Structure

Although there were many studies of Political Discourse had been done in CDA approach, but still few studies concern withrelation of ideology and language in the discourse. This study aims to, 1) find the ideological discourse structureswhich are used to enhance ideology in political speeches delivered by Donald Trump and 2) reveal the ideologies found in the speeches of Donald Trump about National Security. The analysis in this study is based on Fairclough’s(1992 )framework of Critical Discourse Analysis which consists of three levels of analysis; textual, discursive practice and socio-cultural practice. Then, for textual analysis, the writer used one analytical tool that is the theory of Ideological Discourse Structure of the discourse by Van Dijk (2000). The results showed that Donald Trump used language tactfully to achieve his goal on politics. The conclusion obtained is that Donald Trump enhances fascist ideology in his speeches which can be seen through the ideological structure of discourse which is found in his political speech on National Security.

The dual causes of fragmentation: Democratic security and the communitarian state in Colombian politics

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-84
Author(s):  
Neyla G Pardo
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Crimes Against Humanity ◽  
The Political ◽  
Discursive Strategies ◽  
The Media ◽  
Extrajudicial Killings ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Democratic Security

This chapter analyzes speeches delivered by former Colombian President, Álvaro Uribe Vélez, between August 2002 and August 2009, which can be found on the official website of the presidency: ( http://web.presidencia.gov.co/discursos/ ). We attempt to identify the webs of meaning surrounding the concepts of ‘Democratic Security’ and ‘Communitarian State’ with awareness of the relationship between discourse, ideology and power. The aim is to better understand the political power of the plans, programs and projects developed by Uribe’s administration, and how this was affected by widespread deployment of the media. These policies are conditioned by a set of colonialist principles that are embodied in symbolic-discursive strategies that result in representations, by means of which mechanisms of marginalization, discrimination and polarized hierarchy are legitimized from the different social spheres. During the 7-year period analyzed there were controversial debates over the commission of crimes against humanity by national security agents, as well as corruption scandals over topics like ‘para-politics’, ‘false positives’, selective arrests, extrajudicial killings and violations of the sovereignty of bordering countries. Within this political context, we attempt to identify the inherent tensions and social conflicts. It is argued that the analyzed discourses reproduce colonialist thoughts, in relation to neoliberal principles and the application of global policies. Using the principles of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), we explore the strategies and resources used in Uribe’s speeches and how major themes are positioned to reproduce systems of beliefs, values and attitudes.

scholarly journals Refocusing metrics: can the sustainable development goals help break the “metrics trap” and modernise international drug control policy?

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Bewley-Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
International Development ◽  
Drug Policy ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Drug Control ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
High Level

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which the dominant metrics currently used to measure the success of the UN based global drug prohibition regime are in many ways inadequate and consequently contribute to systemic inertia. Within this context, it seeks to explore the potential of explicitly linking drug policy to the recently launched sustainable development agenda (SDA) and the associated sustainable development goals (SDGs) to initiate a change in approach. Design/methodology/approach Framing the topic in terms of international relations (IR) and regime analysis, prominent examples of where current metrics are imprecise (the relationship between production and seizures), misconceived (drug use) and missing (a range of drug and drug policy related harms) are explored. Attention is then given to an examination of international development as a model for measuring drug control outcomes, including a discussion of the SDGs in general and the intersection between drug policy interventions and several goals in particular. Findings While aware of the complexity of the issue area, the paper finds that there are considerable shortcomings in the way international drug policy outcomes are currently assessed. Although methodological problems are likely to persist, linking drug policy with the SDGs and their associated metrics offers the potential to help to shift the focus of international policy in a manner that would benefit not only UN system-wide coherence on the issue, but also assist in the achievement of the regime’s own overarching goal; to safeguard the “health and welfare” of humankind. Practical implications With the next high-level review of international drug policy due to take place in 2019, the paper offers policy makers with a way to begin to refocus drug policy metrics, and subsequently review outcomes, in line with the UN system-wide SDA. Originality/value As an emerging domain of inquiry, the paper not only explores a hitherto largely unexplored – yet increasingly important – facet of UN level policy evaluation, formulation and implementation, but also helps to fill a gap in the IR literature on regime dynamics.

scholarly journals Head in the clouds: a critical discourse analysis of American cloud computing and state surveillance in Post-Snowden press coverage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Milosevic
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
National Security ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Press Coverage ◽  
Computing Services ◽  
Cloud Computing Services ◽  
Us Technology

The National Security Agency (NSA) revelations leaked by Edward Snowden on June 6, 2013 regarding the digital surveillance tactics of the United States government were a series of profoundly disruptive discursive events that signaled an uncomfortably cozy relationship between US technology companies and the US government for the maintenance of US national security. Leaked internal NSA slides revealed a host of domestic and foreign clandestine spying programs, including PRISM and MUSCULAR, which suggested the unscrupulous collection of data from US technology giant Google’s cloud servers and private networks, among other technology companies. Google’s cloud computing services particularly became implicated in a crisis of global proportions, as the technology giant and US technology industry writ large faced a global loss of confidence and future revenue from cloud computing customers unhappy with the implications the NSA revelations had for the security of their personal and corporate data. This paper conducts a multi-layer critical discourse analysis about the effect the NSA revelations had on US cloud computing with a specific focus on Google’s cloud computing services. By focusing on the sociopolitical and economic functions of surveillance as established within surveillance literature, this project examines how the crisis was discursively constructed in order to paint a larger picture about how popular press coverage framed the NSA revelations and the relationship of this rhetoric to the technology companies it implicates.

scholarly journals Decolonizing drug policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen Daniels ◽  
Aggrey Aluso ◽  
Naomi Burke-Shyne ◽  
Kojo Koram ◽  
Suchitra Rajagopalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Policy ◽  
Current System ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
Drug Control ◽  
People Who Use Drugs ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Drug Law ◽  
Drug Law Enforcement ◽  
Drug Policies

AbstractThis paper reviews evidence of how drug control has been used to uphold colonial power structures in select countries. It demonstrates the racist and xenophobic impact of drug control policy and proposes a path to move beyond oppressive systems and structures. The ‘colonization of drug control’ refers to the use of drug control by states in Europe and America to advance and sustain the systematic exploitation of people, land and resources and the racialized hierarchies, which were established under colonial control and continue to dominate today. Globally, Black, Brown and Indigenous peoples are disproportionately targeted for drug law enforcement and face discrimination across the criminal system. These communities face higher arrest, prosecution and incarceration rates for drug offenses than other communities, such as majority populations, despite similar rates of drug use and selling among (and between) different races. Current drug policies have contributed to an increase in drug-related deaths, overdoses and sustained transnational criminal enterprises at the expense of the lives of people who use drugs, their families and greater society. This review provides further evidence of the need to reform the current system. It outlines a three-pillared approach to rebuilding drug policy in a way that supports health, dignity and human rights, consisting of: (1) the decriminalization of drugs and their use; (2) an end to the mass incarceration of people who use drugs; (3) the redirection of funding away from ineffective and punitive drug control and toward health and social programs.

scholarly journals ¿Un trabajo ilegal? Análisis crítico del discurso sobre el narcotráfico en jóvenes de Mexicali, Baja California

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Anel Hortensia Gómez San Luis ◽  
Ariagor Manuel Almanza Avendaño
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Baja California ◽  
Discussion Groups ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Entertainment Media ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
The Government

This study seeks to contribute to the understanding of discourses on drug trafficking made by young people from Mexicali, Baja California. Drug trafficking generates various ethical positions that encompass its acceptance, rejection, or ambivalence. The construction of their discourses is influenced by speeches produced by the government and entertainment media and by the degree of closeness to drug trafficking in everyday life. Discussion groups were held, and critical discourse analysis was carried out. Discourses about drug trafficking have implications for the incorporation of young people into the activity and its normalization in local contexts. It is recommended to research personal processes that promote the rejection of drug trafficking at an individual level, despite pragmatic acceptance that normalizes it in the community.

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