Fruit quality of ‘Braeburn’ apple trees sprayed at post-bloom and preharvest with prohexadione-calcium and GA4+7

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the effects of post-bloom (PB) or preharvest (PH) treatments of ‘Braeburn’ apple trees with prohexadione-calcium (ProCa; 300 mg L-1), an inhibitor of gibberellins biosynthesis, or GA4+7 (300 mg L-1) on fruit quality at harvest and after storage (four months at 0±0.5 oC, followed by five days of shelf life). PB treatments started 15 days after full bloom, with one application every week and six applications in total. PH treatments started five weeks before anticipated harvest, with one application every week and four applications in total. Control trees were sprayed with water. GA4+7 PB increased length/diameter ratio, and GA4+7 PH increased titratable acidity (TA) and flesh firmness and slightly reduced red color of the fruit at harvest. ProCa PB and PH reduced ethylene production rate, delayed starch degradation and reduced soluble solids content of the fruit at harvest, and ProCa PH maintained firmness at harvest and after storage and TA of the fruit after storage. ProCa PB or PH delayed the loss of skin green background color at harvest, while at both treatment timings reduced the development of skin red color, but with a much stronger effect when sprayed PH than PB.

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Effect of preharvest spraying with thidiazuron on fruit quality and maturity of apples

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/s0100-29452003000100018 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 59-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Cassandro Vidal Talamini do Amarante ◽

Clarice Aparecida Megguer ◽

Luiz Eduardo Bassay Blum

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Soluble Solids Content ◽

Full Bloom ◽

Apple Trees ◽

Fruit Maturity ◽

Viable Seeds ◽

Solids Content

Apple trees, cultivars Gala and Fuji, were sprayed at full bloom with thidiazuron (TDZ) at the doses of 0, 5, 10, or 20 g (a.i.) ha-1 and fruit were assessed for quality and maturity. In both cultivars, the increase of TDZ dose had detrimental effects on fruit quality, causing a reduction of fruit red surface and an increase of percentage of fruit that was asymmetrical and with calyx-end rot. TDZ caused an increment of calyx-end aperture that might have increased calyx-end rot. TDZ increased density and the length : diameter (L : D) ratio of the fruit. The number of viable seeds was not affected by TDZ. TDZ resulted in a substantial delay of fruit maturity in 'Gala' but not in 'Fuji'. TDZ also reduced soluble solids content (SSC) in 'Gala' and reduced titratable acidity in both cultivars.

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Yield and fruit quality of apple from conventional and organic production systems

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2008000300007 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 333-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Cassandro Vidal Talamini do Amarante ◽

Cristiano André Steffens ◽

Álvaro Luiz Mafra ◽

Jackson Adriano Albuquerque

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Management System ◽

Production Systems ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Organic Production ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Apple Trees ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Solids Content

The objective of this study was to assess the yield and fruit quality of apple produced with a conventional and an organic production systems in Southern Brazil. The orchards consisted of alternate rows from 10 to 12-year old 'Royal Gala' and 'Fuji' apple trees on M.7 rootstocks, grown as slender spindles, on 4x6 m spacing. Eighteen apple trees of each cultivar and management system were randomly selected and assessed for nutrition, flowering, fruit set, yield, and fruit quality during two growing seasons (2002/2003 and 2003/2004). The organic management system resulted in lower concentrations of K, Mg, and N in leaves and fruits, and in smaller fruits for both cultivars, and lower fruit yield for 'Fuji' than from the conventional production system. For both cultivars, fruits from the organic orchard harvested at commercial maturity had a more yellowish skin background color, higher percentage of blush in the fruit skin, higher soluble solids content, higher density, higher flesh firmness, and higher severity of russet than fruits from the conventional orchard. Fruit from the organic orchard had lower titratable acidity in 'Royal Gala', and higher incidence of moldy core and lower incidence of watercore in 'Fuji', than fruit from the conventional orchard. A non-trained sensory panel detected no significant differences for fruit attributes of taste, flavor and texture between fruit from the production systems for either cultivar.

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Peach Fruit Quality Is Affected by Shade during Final Swell of Fruit Growth

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.116.3.383 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 116 (3) ◽

pp. 383-389 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Richard P. Marini ◽

Donald Sowers ◽

Michele Choma Marini

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Prunus Persica ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Fruit Drop ◽

Red Color ◽

Solids Content ◽

Fruit Harvest ◽

The Relationship

Girdled or nongirdled `Biscoe' peach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch) secondary scaffold branches were covered with shade fabric to provide a range of photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) from 44 to 20 days before harvest (DBH), from 20 to 0 DBH or 44 to 0 DBH. Fruit quality was affected differently by the various periods of shade during the final swell of fruit development. Shading 40 to 20 DBH did not affect fruit weight or quality, whereas shading 44 to 0 DBH had the greatest effect on fruit weight and quality. Fruit quality was generally similar on branches exposed to 100% and 45% incident PPFD (IPPFD). Fruit on” girdled branches generally responded to shade more than fruit on nongirdled branches. Fruit weight was positively related to percent IPPFD for girdfed but not nongirdled branches shaded 20 to 0 DBH and 44 to DBH. On nongirdled branches, fruit exposed to 45% IPPFD for 44 to 0 DBH had 14% less red color and 21% lower soluble solids content (SSC) than nonshaded fruit. Harvest was delayed >10 days and preharvest fruit drop was increased by shading to <23% IPPFD. Shading branches for 20 to 0 or 44 to 0 DBH altered the relationship between flesh firmness and ground color: Firmness declined as ground color changed from green to yellow for fruit shaded 44 to 20 DBH, but firmness declined with little change in ground color for fruit shaded 20 to 0 or 44 to 0 DBH. Girdling results indicated that fruit weight and SSC partially depended on photosynthate from nonshaded portions of the canopy, whereas fruit redness, days from bloom to harvest, and ground color depended on PPFD in the vicinity of the fruit.

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Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) affects cv. Royal Gala apple fruit quality at harvest and after storage – Short communication

Horticultural Science ◽

10.17221/225/2011-hortsci ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 39 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 195-198

Author(s):

N. Magazin ◽

Z. Keserović ◽

B. Milić ◽

M. Dorić

Keyword(s):

Short Communication ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Apple Fruit ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Starch Degradation ◽

Ethylene Synthesis ◽

Apple Trees ◽

Quality Assessments

Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), an inhibitor of ethylene synthesis was applied at a concentration of 125 g/l of active ingredient on Royal Gala apple trees 4 weeks before the anticipated harvest in two consecutive years. Immediately after harvest fruits were stored at 1°C and 90% of relative humidity for up to 90 days. Quality assessments of total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA) and firmness were done on 30-days intervals after harvest. Treating Royal Gala apples with AVG significantly slowed down starch degradation in fruits but in the same time increased fruit weight. Also, the development of over colour was negatively affected. A positive influence on fruits’ firmness was also evident, while there was no influence of AVG on TSS and TA.    

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Quality of ‘Hayward’ Kiwifruit in Prolonged Cold Storage as Affected by the Stage of Maturity at Harvest

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7100358 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. 358

Author(s):

Tal Goldberg ◽

Harel Agra ◽

Ruth Ben-Arie

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Prolonged Storage ◽

Full Bloom ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Solids Content ◽

Term Storage

The effect of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit maturity at harvest on fruit quality during long-term storage at −0.5 °C was evaluated by harvesting the fruit several times, at different stages of maturity. The progress of maturation on the vine was monitored weekly from 136 DAFB (days after full bloom). Fruit were harvested for storage at three points and stored for 3–6 months in regular air (RA), or for 6–10 months in a controlled atmosphere (CA), with or without prestorage exposure to 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). The softening rate under both storage regimes decreased with the advance in fruit maturation on the vine, as indicated by increasing soluble solids content (SSC), and declining firmness. As a result, the fruit from the first harvest (152 DAFB), which were the firmest at harvest, were the softest at the end of both storage regimes. Delaying harvest also decelerated the decline in acidity during storage, so that fruit picked last maintained the highest titratable acidity (TA) upon removal from storage. The overall fruit quality after shelf life, following prolonged storage in either RA or CA, was improved by delaying harvest to late November (ca. 200 DAFB). The harvest criteria for fruit with the best storage potential were dry matter (DM) > 17%, SSC > 7%, TA 2.0–2.6%, with more than 40% of the DM non soluble. From a commercial aspect the rule should therefore be ‘Last in, last out’ (LILO).

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Effect of Weed-Free Strip Width on Newly Established ‘Navaho' Blackberry Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-13-00028.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 426-431 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Stephen L. Meyers ◽

Katherine M. Jennings ◽

David W. Monks ◽

Wayne E. Mitchem

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Field Studies ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Strip Width ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Research Station ◽

Acid Ratio ◽

Solids Content

Field studies were conducted in 2011 and 2012 at the Sandhills Research Station near Jackson Springs, NC to determine the influence of weed-free strip width (WFSW) on newly planted ‘Navaho' blackberry plant growth, fruit yield, and fruit quality. Treatments consisted of 0-, 0.3-, 0.6-, 1.2-, 1.8-, and 2.4-m WFSW. Predicted blackberry yield increased from 718 to 1,015 kg ha−1at WFSW of 0 to 2.4 m. The currently recommended WFSW of 1.2 m resulted in a blackberry yield of 1,013 kg ha−1. Predicted individual blackberry fruit weight displayed a positive linear response to WFSW and increased from 3.1 to 3.6 g fruit−1at WFSW of 0 to 2.4 m. Soluble solids content (SSC) of dull black blackberry fruit was greatest (15.1 Brix) when WFSW was 0 m. Relative to a WFSW of 0 m, SSC was reduced 2.3 to 3.4% as WFSW increased from 0.3 to 2.4 m, respectively. WFSW did not influence shiny black blackberry fruit SSC, nor titratable acidity, sugar-to-acid ratio, or pH of shiny or dull black blackberry fruit or primocane number, length, and stem caliper.

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Initial production and fruit quality of fifty-seven sweet orange varieties on four rootstocks in southern state of Bahia

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452021765 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Stanley Bravo Buffon ◽

Moises Zucoloto ◽

Orlando Sampaio Passos ◽

Dimmy Herllen Silveira Gomes Barbosa ◽

Marcelo Soares Altoé ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

San Diego ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Productive Efficiency ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Pulp Yield ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Set Up ◽

Solids Content

Abstract Prior knowledge of scion/rootstock combinations is essential for establishing appropriate citrus orchard management strategies. The objective of this work was to assess the initial yield and fruit quality among 228 scion/rootstock combinations set up in the municipality of Ibirapuã, extreme south of the state of Bahia in 2015. Harvests were carried out from April to August 2019, when trees reached 4 years of age. Number, total mass and cross-sectional diameter of fruits, productive efficiency, pulp yield, soluble solids content, titratable acidity and SS/AT ratio were evaluated. Statistical difference for all characteristics related to production and fruit quality regarding factors studied and their combinations was observed. Among ‘Pera’ orange clones, ‘Pera CNPMF A-15’/‘San Diego’ citrandarin and ‘Pera CNPMF D-3’/‘Riverside’ citrandarin combinations stood out. ‘Sincorá’ orange, in combination with ‘San Diego’ and ‘Indio’ citrandarins presented potential to be recommended to producers who wish to anticipate their harvests, as well as ‘Natal Ipeal’ orange in combination with ‘Indio’ citrandarin, in the sense of postponing them.

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Effect of anti-hail nets with different colors on ‘Eva’ apple trees agronomical responses

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452021157 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Marília Aparecida Stroka ◽

Ricardo Antonio Ayub ◽

Daurimar Mendes da Silva ◽

Isabela Letícia Pessenti ◽

André Belmont Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Crop Production ◽

Cropping System ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Plant Production ◽

White Crystal ◽

Apple Trees ◽

Hail Net ◽

The Impact

Abstract The aim of the current research was to evaluate the impact of ‘Eva’ apple tress cultivation under nets with different colors as opposed to cultivation deprived of net treatment on the attributes related to the vigor of the plant, production and fruit quality. The evaluations were carried out during the 2017/18 and 2018/19 crop growing seasons at commercial production fields located in the municipality of Porto Amazonas, PR. The treatments in study consisted of a control (plants grown with no protecting net), along with plants protected by anti-hail nets of distinct colors such as white, crystal (transparent) and black. The following response variables were assessed herein: length and diameter of the branch, plant height and branch diameter as plant vigor measurements, crop production (kg plant-1) and yield (kg ha-1), and number of fruits per plant as to productive yield of the cropping system, as well as shape (height and diameter) of the fruits, mass, Hue angle, firmness, soluble solids and titratable acidity to test grade or fruit quality. There was no significant effect of protecting nets on both vigor and development of the plants. However, production and yield were consistently more expressive under crystal and white protecting nets throughout the second crop growing season. This demonstrated that ‘Eva’ apple trees were conducive to render as well as or even better than those plants bereft of protecting nets in view of the fact that the former treatments caused the plants to suffer less harmful impacts promoted by hail events, excess of wind, and sun burning disorders. The black anti-hail net resulted in negative outcomes as to coloration of the fruits in conjunction with titratable acidity, making them reddish and acidic and, therefore, less attractive for in natura commercial consumption.

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EFFECTS OF MOIST HEAT TREATMENTS ON THE POSTHARVEST BEHAVIOR OF `CHANDLER STRAWBERRY

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1139 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 1139G-1140

Author(s):

F. T. Yoshikawa ◽

F. G. Mitchell ◽

G. Mayer

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Ethylene Production ◽

Screening Program ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Heat Damage ◽

Acid Ratio ◽

Serious Injury ◽

Lower Temperature ◽

Solids Content

Three successive experiments were included in this trial. The first experiment was a derailed screening program to test the effects of various temperatures and durations on the fruit quality of strawberry fruit. Fruit were exposed to temperatures of 37, 40, 43, and 46°C for durations of 20, 40, 60, 80, end 100 minutes at each temperature level. The temperatures and durations which were detrimental to fruit quality were eliminated; then experiments 2 & 3 were conducted using the remaining temperature and duration levels to study their effects on fruit quality, respiration, and ethylene production. Strawberries heated to 46° C were too severely damaged for other test comparisons. Those exposed to temperature treatments of 43 °C for 30 or 60 mins were consistently less firm, had more heat damage, developed less decay, and had lower CO2 and ethylene production than fruit from lower temperature treatments or control fruit. Differences were sometimes significant. While the heat damage scores from fruit exposed to the 43°C treatments indicated some serious injury, the fruit were stiff judged to be marketable. There were no significant differences in soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity, SSC/acid ratio, or juice pH among any of the treatments.

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Historical Trends in Strawberry Fruit Quality Revealed by a Trial of University of Florida Cultivars and Advanced Selections

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.46.4.553 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 553-557 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Vance M. Whitaker ◽

Tomas Hasing ◽

Craig K. Chandler ◽

Anne Plotto ◽

Elizabeth Baldwin

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Quality Traits ◽

University Of Florida ◽

Fruit Quality Traits ◽

Solids Content ◽

Chemical Traits ◽

Over Time

The University of Florida strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch. ex Rosier) breeding program has maintained a continuous breeding effort since 1968 to develop cultivars that are highly adapted to winter production in west-central Florida. To gain insight into breeding progress over time, two advanced selections (UF1 and UF2) and 10 released cultivars, from Florida Belle (1975) to Florida Radiance (2008), were compared for various fruit quality traits in a two-location field study during the 2009–2010 season. Fruit size varied dramatically from 30.8 g for ‘Elyana’ to 16.2 g for ‘Dover’ at Balm, FL, and from 28.3 g for UF2 to 16.6 g for ‘Dover’ at Dover, FL. A linear regression of fruit size on year of release revealed an average gain of 2.6 g per year since 1975 for the cultivars and selections tested (R2 = 0.44). A similar analysis revealed a reduction over time in the proportion of cull fruit (R2 = 0.30). Gains were apparent for the redness of the internal flesh, from a colorimeter a* value of 16.1 for ‘Florida Belle’ (1975) to 34.7 for ‘Carmine’ (2002) but were not sustained for later releases and selections. Although there were significant differences among genotypes for all chemical traits affecting flavor, there were no discernable patterns over time. There were wide month-to-month variations in individual sugars and organic acids, except for citric acid, which was stable across months and locations. The ratio of soluble solids content to titratable acidity ranged widely among genotypes, from a high of 15.7 for ‘Florida Belle’ in February at Dover, FL, to a low of 6.4 for ‘Winter Dawn’ in January at Balm, FL. The observed variability and trends in fruit quality traits will help guide future genetic studies and inform decisions about future breeding priorities and selection procedures.

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