Correlation Between Age, Work Period, Knowledge, and Attitude’s Workers With Behavior on The Use of PPE

PG. Poerwodadie is one of the white crystal sugar factories left by the Dutch East Indies. In the production process with a fairly high risk of work accidents, the company provides Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). However, most workers have not complied with the use of PPE in the work area. Therefore, it is necessary to research factors related to non-compliance with the use of PPE. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between age, years of service, education, and attitudes with workers who were not obedient in using PPE. This research uses quantitative with the cross-sectional approach. The population in this study were all workers at the PG. Poerwodadie manufacturing station totals 80 people. The study concludes that there was a relationship between the age of workers and non-compliance with the use of PPE with the value of Phi and Cramer's V = 0.337. There was a relationship between the working period and non-compliance with the use of PPE with a value of 0.329. There was a relationship between worker knowledge and non-compliance with the use of PPE with the value = 0.279. There was no relationship between worker attitudes and non-compliance with the use of PPE

Vector Autoregressive-Based Maximum MCUSUM Control Chart for Monitoring the Quality of White Crystal Sugar

The white crystal sugar which is widely consumed sugar has two critical to qualities, namely the index of solution colour and the level of sulphur dioxide. These quality characteristics have small mean and variability shifts, as well as autocorrelation pattern. This research aims to propose residual-based Maximum Multivariate Cumulative Sum (Max-MCUSUM) control chart, one of the single control charts to monitor small shifts of mean and variability simultaneously, for monitoring the quality of white crystal sugar. The vector autoregressive (VAR) model is utilized to model the daily solution colour index and the daily sulphur dioxide level, then the residuals are monitored using Max-MCUSUM chart. The VAR-based Max-MCUSUM chart employs bootstrap, one of the nonparametric resampling methods, to estimate the control limit. The results of white crystal sugar quality control show that the processes in the last week of August 2020 need to be improved. Monitoring the white crystal sugar data using conventional control chart leads to many false alarm signals. Furthermore, the proposed control chart is more sensitive than the residual-based MEWMA and residual-based Hotelling’s T 2 charts in case of monitoring the quality of white crystal sugar.

Principles of juice purification

The raw juice as obtained by juice extraction of sugar beet cossettes contains dissolved and insoluble impurities (nonsugars) which need to be removed as much as possible to enable a cost-effective production of the wanted quality of white crystal sugar. The most commonly used purification approach of beet raw juice is the so-called classical liming process. The aim and principles of the different successive process steps in juice purification will be outlined in this paper. The purification principles comprise several chemical-physical reactions of particular nonsugars in the juice which are initiated at first by the addition of milk of lime to the raw juice in preliming and main liming. Through injection of the carbon dioxide produced in the lime kiln in the 1st carbonatation calcium ions precipitate as calcium carbonate, which is then used as filter aid to remove by sedimentation and/or filtration the formed slurry. The remaining surplus of lime salts are finally removed in the 2nd carbonatation which after filtration results in a clear thin juice.

Pembentukan Pupuk Struvite dari Limbah Cair Industri Tempe dengan Proses Aerasi

ABSTRACT Struvite, also known as magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate, is a white crystal with a chemical formula magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (MgNH4PO4.6H2O). Because of its phosphate content, struvite can be utilized as a fertilizer. Tempeh industrial effluent contains a high concentration of PO4, making it a possible struvite fertilizer producing material. The formation of struvite fertilizer is carried out by the aeration process. This process is able to increase the pH and homogeneity of the solution. The solution of Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate (MAP) is prepared by reacting tempeh industrial wasterwater, Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2), and Ammonium Hydroxide (NH4OH). The MAP ratios used are 1:1:1 and 3:1:1. The temperature was set at 30 °C and pH 9, the airflow rate was carried out at a rate of 0.25 - 1.25 liters per minute. Struvite crystals were analyzed using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The best struvite fertilizer content is magnesium by 40.3% and phosphorus by 43.9% at an air flow rate of 1.25 liters per minute and a ratio of 3:1:1. Further development can be done by applying struvite fertilizers to plants. Keywords: aeration, crystallization, tempeh industrial wastewater, struvite ABSTRAK Struvite adalah kristal putih yang secara kimiawi dikenal sebagai magnesium amonium fosfat heksahidrat (MgNH4PO4.6H2O). Struvite dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi pupuk karena kandungan fosfat (PO4) di dalamnya. Limbah cair industri tempe memiliki kandungan PO4 yang cukup tinggi, menjadikan limbah cair industri tempe adalah bahan pembentuk pupuk struvite yang potensial. Pembentukan pupuk struvite dilakukan dengan proses aerasi. Proses ini mampu meningkatkan pH dan homogenitas dari larutan. Larutan MAP (Magnesium Amonium Fosfat) dibuat dengan cara mereaksikan limbah cair industri tempe, Magnesium Klorida (MgCl2), dan Amonium Hidroksida (NH4OH). Rasio MAP yang digunakan adalah 1:1:1 dan 3:1:1. Temperatur ditetapkan sebesar 30°C dan pH 9, laju alir udara dilakukan dengan laju 0,25 - 1,25 liter per menit. Kristal struvite dianalisis menggunakan Floresensi sinar-X (XRF) dan Mikroskop Pemindai Elektron (SEM). Kandungan pupuk struvite terbaik adalah magnesium sebesar 40,3% dan fosfor sebesar 43,9% pada konsentrasi 3:1:1 dan laju alir udara 1,25 liter per menit. Pengembangan lebih lanjut dapat dilakukan dengan mengaplikasikan pupuk struvite ke tanaman. Kata Kunci: aerasi, kristalisasi, limbah cair industri tempe, struvite

Introduksi Produksi Gula Aren Kristal Pada Perajin Gula Suka Maju Desa Batu Ampar Kabupaten Tanah Laut

The development of palm sugar into crystalline palm sugar has the potential to be developed in order to substitute white sugar where the fulfillment is still quite a lot imported. Therefore, to increase the food security of sugar, it can be done by utilizing local palm sugar resources. Palm sugar production technology is quite applicable to be applied in rural areas and can be made from palm sap or palm sugar. The introduction of the processing of crystal palm sugar was carried out in the Suka Maju LSPBM Group with the stages of counseling, production skills training, packaging, hygienic production to obtaining a PIRT legality as Health Office permit. The quality of crystal palm sugar produced from several quality parameters was achieved including the water content of crystal palm sugar ranging from 2.38-2.70%, ash content 0.85-0.99%, sugar content 86.72%, yellowish brown color and in the form of crystals or powder. The crystal palm sugar products produced was under the brand name Sehati. The constraint was limitation of marketing because this product at the local level was still known only for the purpose of making cakes, as well as for the more expensive price of white crystal sugar. Need coaching and better links with related network to open up a better market. From the results of the analysis of the business of producing crystal palm sugar, it is feasible to run with a profit value of Rp. 24,007,100,00, the value of BEP was 892 kg, profitability of 0.55 and business efficiency of Return Cost Ratio (R/C) of 1.55

Effect of anti-hail nets with different colors on ‘Eva’ apple trees agronomical responses

The aim of the current research was to evaluate the impact of ‘Eva’ apple tress cultivation under nets with different colors as opposed to cultivation deprived of net treatment on the attributes related to the vigor of the plant, production and fruit quality. The evaluations were carried out during the 2017/18 and 2018/19 crop growing seasons at commercial production fields located in the municipality of Porto Amazonas, PR. The treatments in study consisted of a control (plants grown with no protecting net), along with plants protected by anti-hail nets of distinct colors such as white, crystal (transparent) and black. The following response variables were assessed herein: length and diameter of the branch, plant height and branch diameter as plant vigor measurements, crop production (kg plant-1) and yield (kg ha-1), and number of fruits per plant as to productive yield of the cropping system, as well as shape (height and diameter) of the fruits, mass, Hue angle, firmness, soluble solids and titratable acidity to test grade or fruit quality. There was no significant effect of protecting nets on both vigor and development of the plants. However, production and yield were consistently more expressive under crystal and white protecting nets throughout the second crop growing season. This demonstrated that ‘Eva’ apple trees were conducive to render as well as or even better than those plants bereft of protecting nets in view of the fact that the former treatments caused the plants to suffer less harmful impacts promoted by hail events, excess of wind, and sun burning disorders. The black anti-hail net resulted in negative outcomes as to coloration of the fruits in conjunction with titratable acidity, making them reddish and acidic and, therefore, less attractive for in natura commercial consumption.

Isolasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Metanol Dari Buah Senduduk Bulu (Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don)

A study on isolation and antioxidant activity of secondary metabolit of methanol extract of fruit of Senduduk Bulu (Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don) has been carried out. Senduduk bulu is used for folk medicine to many diseases. Flavonoid and phenolic has been reported to its activity as antioxidant. The aim of this research was to find antioxidant compound and antioxidant activity of this fruit. Isolation works were conducted using Vacuum Liquid Chromatography and Column Chromatography method. Antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH free radical scavenging methods. The isolation works afforded 10 mg of pure compound CHP1 which was obtained as white crystal, with its melting point of 165–167ºC, soluble in chloroform and slightly soluble in methanol. This compound gave positive reaction with Liebermann-Burchard (LB) reagent and concluded as terpenoid. Based on it UV spectrum, this compound showed a λ max of 316 nm. Its FT-IR spectrum showed appearence of some functional groups of OH, C-H aliphatic, C=O ester,C=C alkene, CH bending and C-O. The 1H-NMR spectrum showed the alkene protons and methyl protons which is a characteristic of terpenoid compounds. The pure compound (CHP1) provided a weak antioxidant activity with the IC50 of 327,01µg/mL.

Bioactive potential of endophytic fungi isolated from Phyllanthus niruri L.

Present work describes the isolation and morphological identification of endophytic fungi from Phyllanthus niruri L. including their chemical and bioactivity screening. Two isolated and purified endophytic fungi with the internal strain numbers PNRE and PNLE were taxonomically identified as Colletotrichum sp. and Fusarium sp., respectively. Preliminary chemical screening of the fungal extracts through thin layer chromatography (TLC) revealed the presence of various components. PNLE showed significant antifungal activity against the fungi Aspergillus niger (24 mm) and Aspergillus flavus (20 mm). Extracts of PNRE and PNLE gave significant cytotoxic activity with LC50 values of 1.08 μg mL-1 and 1.05 μg mL-1, respectively in the brine shrimp lethality bioassay. PNRE extract showed mild scavenging of DPPH with IC50 value of 96.06 μg mL-1 during antioxidant activity screening. Crystal formation was observed in the crude PNRE fungal extract which was purified using methanol/dichloromethane (0-20%) to obtain pure white crystal and the structure was elucidated by NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR) spectroscopic analysis to be confirmed as ergosterol. Since isolated fungi showed promising antifungal and cytotoxic activities, the crude extract of endophytic fungi of P. niruri could be considered as a promising source for isolation of potential bioactive compounds. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.55(4), 311-318, 2020