scholarly journals Viability and location of Microdochium albescens in irrigated rice seeds produced in pre-germinated cropping system

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-59
Author(s):  
Bruno Tabarelli Scheidt ◽  
Juliano Berghetti ◽  
Ricardo Trezzi Casa ◽  
Flávio Chupel Martins ◽  
Weliton Recalcatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Rice Seeds

ABSTRACT The aims of this study were to quantify the viability of Microdochium albescens in irrigated rice seeds stored during the time between harvests and to quantify its incidence in the seed structures. Samples of irrigated rice seeds of the cultivars SCS122 Miura and SCS121 CL were monthly collected and stored during the time between harvests 2018/19. Pathology analysis and viability quantification were performed in the laboratory. The location of the fungus in the seeds was determined by separating lemma, palea, endosperm and embryo, with subsequent disinfestation and sowing in culture medium. The fungus M. albescens showed 77.8% seed storage viability for nine months, considering the average of lots and cultivars. Average incidence was 48% in the lemma, 43.7% in the palea, 24.7% in the endosperm and 20.7% in the embryo. The fungus M. albescens remains viable in rice seeds between harvests, while mycelium is detected at a higher incidence in the external tissues of caryopsis.

scholarly journals Fungi on irrigated rice seeds produced in the pre-germinated system in the Alto Vale do Itajaí region, Santa Catarina state, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Tabarelli Scheidt ◽  
Juliano Berghetti ◽  
Flávio Chupel Martins ◽  
Ricardo Trezzi Casa ◽  
Welliton Recalcatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Bipolaris Oryzae ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Agar Culture ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Rice Seeds ◽  
Potato Sucrose Agar ◽  
Santa Catarina State

ABSTRACT: The aim of this research was to identify and quantify fungi infecting irrigated rice seeds produced in the 2015/16, 2016/17 and 2017/18 harvests in the pre-germinated system in the Alto Vale do Itajaí Region, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. A total of 479 lots of eight cultivars were analyzed. Seeds were disinfected and sown in potato-sucrose-agar culture medium with incubation for seven days at 25ºC ± 2ºC and photoperiod of 12 hours. The main fungus detected in the three crops season was Microdochium albescens with 54.9% of average incidence, followed by Alternaria padwikii (7.7%) and Bipolaris oryzae (3.3%).

Effects of temperatures on survival of Aphelenchoides besseyi in prolonged storage of rice grains

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1169-1177
Author(s):  
Shigeru Hoshino ◽  
Katsumi Togashi
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Instantaneous Rate ◽  
Aphelenchoides Besseyi ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Rice Seeds

Summary The white-tip nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi, is a seed-borne ectoparasite of the rice plant Oryza sativa. Nematodes in dried rice seeds are in dehydrated quiescence or anhydrobiosis and are reactivated by rehydration. To understand the persistent parasitism better, the effects of temperature on nematode survival were examined during prolonged periods of seed storage. There was a marked difference in the survival rate among different temperatures; survival was lower at 20 and 25°C than at −5 to 10°C after storage for 190 days. No nematodes survived a storage period of 1313 days at 20 and 25°C. When rice seeds were held at 5°C, the survival rate of nematodes decreased during a period of 7315 days. The estimated instantaneous rate of mortality per month was higher in the early and late parts of the period than in the middle part. Another nematode population also showed a reduction in the survival rate during 6553 days storage at 5°C. In storage at −30°C, survival was not affected during a period of 6485 days. After storage at −30°C for 6546 days, 96% of rice seeds germinated, whereas 60-96% of seeds of two groups germinated after storage at 5°C for 6610-7373 days. Therefore, prolonged storage of rice seeds at 5 or −30°C was unlikely to disrupt the connection between rice plants and A. besseyi.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SEEDS DRESSINGON THE INITIAL ESTABLISHMENT OF IRRIGATED RICE IN DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES AND SOWING PERIODS

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-109
Author(s):  
Thaís D Avila Rosa ◽  
Diogo Balbé Helgueira ◽  
Marlon Ouriques Bastiani ◽  
Ivan Ricardo Carvalho ◽  
Mauro Mesko Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Science Department ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Rice Seeds ◽  
Sowing Season

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of seeds dressing in the initial establishment of irrigated rice and in the tolerance to herbicides when submitted to low temperatures. The study comprehended two experiments, where the first stage was realized at the Laboratory of Seeds and Technology of the Plants Science Department of the Federal University of Pelotas. Experiment 1: Effect of different seed dressings under the physiologic potential of irrigated rice seeds and experiment 2: Effect of the seeds dressing in the initial establishment of irrigated rice in different sowing seasons in field.  The treatment with dietholate and the combining of dietholate + fipronil + carboxina + tiram, negatively influenced the germination and the vigor tests in both temperatures, decreasing the physiologic performance of rice seeds in lab. When taken to field, the seeds dressing did not influence the analyzed factors, being dependent of the herbicide applying and the sowing season. Besides presenting phytotoxicity, the rice plants presented detoxification power from the herbicide, being possible to analyze this fact, since there was higher number of tillers, resulting in higher number of panicles resulting in higher productivities.

scholarly journals Cultivation and Utilization of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.), a Neglected Plant in Cameroon

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
Nono Carine Temegne ◽  
Jules Patrice Ngoh Dooh ◽  
Pierre Nbendah ◽  
Godswill Ntsomboh-Ntsefong ◽  
Victor Desiré Taffouo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cropping System ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Vigna Subterranea ◽  
North West ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Production Areas

In order to improve the production and commercialization of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L) Verdc.) in Cameroon, an inventory on the use of available resources and peasant agronomic practices is a necessary prerequisite. Their understanding can help to establish efficient strategies to enhance this neglected crop. The objective of this work was therefore to identify the uses and the peasant knowledge on the Bambara groundnut in Cameroon. To this effect, a survey on the use of Bambara groundnut was carried out through interviews and direct discussions with farmers in the main production areas (Far North, Adamawa, Littoral (Coastal), Centre, North-West and West) of Cameroon. The survey revealed that in Cameroon, Bambara groundnut is mainly grown by women (74%). Monoculture (60%) is the most widely used cropping system; 40% of farmers associate it with other crops such as groundnuts, maize, sesame, okra, millet, sorghum, beans, egusi or pumpkin, and tubers. It is produced mainly on small land areas by the elderly. It is mainly cultivated by the poor peasants and without soil amendments. Several landraces are cultivated, the preferred varieties varying according to the production basins. Seed storage is mainly done with chemicals in closed containers. Weeds, lack of improved varieties, low yields, diseases and pests (insects, rodents) are the main production constraints identified. Results of this study could be exploited for the improvement and vulgarization of Bambara groundnut in Cameroon.

Sustainable alternative crop rotations to the irrigated rice-wheat cropping system of Indo-Gangetic plains of India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tej Ram Banjara ◽  
Jitandra Singh Bohra ◽  
Sushil Kumar ◽  
Tejbal Singh ◽  
Abhishek Shori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cropping System ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Gangetic Plains ◽  
Alternative Crop

scholarly journals Using X rays to evaluate fissures in rice seeds dried artificially

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilson Lemos de Menezes ◽  
Sílvio Moure Cicero ◽  
Francisco Amaral Villela ◽  
Rafael Pivotto Bortolotto
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rice Seeds ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of X-rays in identifying fissures in artificially dried rice seeds and the relationship between damage and seed performance in the germination test. Irrigated rice seeds of the IRGA 417 and IRGA 420 cultivars were harvested with 23.3 and 24.5% water content respectively and submitted to stationary drying treatments at 32, 38, 44 and 50 °C. X-rays were taken of subsamples of 100 seeds for each treatment, using an MX-20 X-ray equipment. The X-rayed seeds were classified from 1 to 3, where 1 corresponded to seeds without fissures, 2 to seeds with non-severe fissures and 3 to seeds with severe fissures. The same X-rayed seeds were planted and on the seventh day the seedlings (normal or abnormal) and dead seeds were photographed and evaluated to verify any relationship between the fissures and physiological potential. Higher drying temperature increased the percentage of fissures in the two cultivars, which can adversely affect their germination. Seeds with fissures can be identified using X-rays.

scholarly journals Prior disinfestation of irrigated rice seeds under laboratory conditions favors expression of physiological potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-497
Author(s):  
Bruno Tabarelli Scheidt ◽  
Jaquelini Garcia ◽  
Ricardo Trezzi Casa ◽  
Cileide Maria Medeiros Coelho ◽  
Juliano Berghetti
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
State University ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Seed Analysis ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Analysis Laboratory ◽  
Rice Seeds

The purpose of this study was to analyze prior seed disinfestation of irrigated rice seeds with sodium hypochlorite and its effect on physiological quality. The experiment was conducted in the seed analysis laboratory of Santa Catarina State University (UDESC). Twenty-four (four per cultivar) seed lots of the cultivars SCSBRS Tio Taka, Epagri 109, SCS116 Satoru, SCS118 Marquês, SCS121 CL, and SCS122 Miura, produced in the Upper Itajaí Valley in the 2016/2017 season, were used in a completely randomized experimental design with four replications. Germination and vigor tests were performed with and without disinfestation seeds. For the germination test with disinfected seeds, there was a higher percentage of normal seedlings and a smaller number of abnormal seedlings and dead seeds. There was significant decrease in vigor without prior seed disinfestation. The fungi that infested the seeds caused an increase in the percentage of abnormal seedlings and dead seeds. Seed disinfestation prior to physiological test positively affects the results regarding the physiological quality of irrigated rice seeds.

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