scholarly journals Use of Traditional Indian Plants in the Inhibition of Caries-Causing Bacteria - Streptococcus mutans

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Jain ◽  
P. Jain ◽  
D. Bisht ◽  
A. Sharma ◽  
B. Srivastava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
The Mean

The aim of the study was to comparatively evaluate the antibacterial activity of six Indian plant extracts and 0.2% chlorhexidine against clinical strains of Streptococcus mutans, which were isolated from the plaque samples of 45 pediatric patients. Six plant extracts were prepared in three different forms, namely aqueous extracts, organic solvent-based extracts and crude (raw) extracts. The antimicrobial sensitivity testing was done by agar well diffusion method. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts was determined by measuring the mean zones of inhibition (mm) produced against the bacterial isolates. Results showed that crude garlic extract exhibited greater antibacterial activity than chlorhexidine. Aqueous extract of amla and organic solvent-based extract of ginger showed the maximum antibacterial activity against S. mutans, whereas aqueous extract of tulsi and organic solvent based extract of amla showed the minimum antibacterial activity. This study suggests that plant extracts like garlic in crude form, amla as aqueous infusion and ginger as alcoholic tincture have potential for the control of S. mutans. These extracts can be used as an alternative remedy for dental caries prevention or in the form of mouthwash, which is safe and economical.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Gongronema latifolium and Costus afer Leaf Extracts on E. coli (ATCC 29455) and S. aureus (ATCC 25923)

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
N. P. Akani ◽  
C. Nwachukwu ◽  
I. O. Hakam
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Gongronema Latifolium ◽  
Costus Afer

Man’s use of medicinal plants in treating illnesses is as old as human existence and many plants have been used for this purpose because of their phytochemical constituents that prove many times to be antimicrobial. The antibacterial activity of the leaf extract of Gongronema latifolium and Costus afer on Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25923) was investigated using standard microbiological procedures of sub-culturing, identity confirmation, water and ethanol extraction of leaves and sensitivity testing via agar well diffusion method. Results revealed that S. aureus and E. coli were both inhibited by the aqueous extract of C. afer with zone diameter of 16 mm and 15 mm respectively as well as the ethanolic extract of C. afer with diameter of 18mm and 15 mm respectively. However, aqueous and ethanolic extracts of G. latifolium proved ineffective against the strains of E. coli and S. aureus used in this study. Results of minimum inhibitory concentration revealed MIC of the aqueous extract of C. afer on E. coli and S. aureus to be 50 mgml-1 and 25 mgml-1 respectively while that of the ethanolic extracts of C. afer was 12.5 mgml-1 and 6.25 mgml-1 for E. coli and S. aureus respectively. Comparatively E. coli showed high sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin and Septrin with zones of inhibition of 37, 32 and 24 respectively and resistant to Ampicillin, Erythromycin and Tetracycline with zones of inhibition of 6, 0 and 0 respectively. S. aureus on the other hand proved sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Erythromycin, Gentamycin and Tetracycline with zones of inhibition of 35, 28, 29 and 34 respectively and resistant to Ampicillin and Septrin with zones of inhibition of o respectively. This study has revealed that some positive effect can be achieved against S. aureus and E. coli infections using C. afer at good concentrations. Better results could also be achieved using ethanol as extracting medium with instead of water as is common practice.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Zobo and Bay Leaf Extracts on Enteropathogenic Bacteria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
S. A. Wemedo ◽  
N. P. Akani ◽  
A. D. Amadiali
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enteropathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Aim: The antibacterial activity of Bay leaf (Laurus nobilis L.) and Zobo leaf (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) extracts on enteropathogenic bacteria was investigated. Study Design: The study utilized well in agar diffusion to investigate the antimicrobial properties of the extracts. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Rivers State University and the study was carried out in August, 2018 to October, 2018. Methodology: Faecal samples were collected from a medical laboratory and inoculated on eosin methylene blue and mannitol salt agar plates for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using standard microbiological techniques. The bacterial isolates were subjected to biochemical and molecular (PCR) identification so as to ascertain the distinctiveness of the isolates. Hot water and absolute alcohol were used as the extracting solvents. Concentrations of the extracted solvents was tested against E. coli and S. aureus using the well in agar method. Results: The result showed that both hot aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Bay leaf showed no sensitivity against the tested bacteria, whereas the extracts of hot dry aqueous and alcohol of Zobo leaf showed remarkable zones of inhibition against the tested bacteria. The zones of inhibition in the dry hot aqueous extract of zobo leaf with concentrations of 0.25 µg/mL, 0.125 µg/mL and 0.063 µg/mL were 31.3±0.1, 25.6±1.2 and 10.0±0.0, respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentration of the dry hot aqueous of zobo extract was observed at 0.063 µg/mL for E. coli, while zones of inhibition of 33.3±0.0, 30.1±0.3, 17.2±1.0 and 15.0±0.1 mm were recorded from the dry alcoholic extract of zobo leaf on E. coli given similar concentrations and the MIC was observed at the 0.031 µg/mL concentration. The result also showed that out of the four concentrations of the dry hot aqueous extract, only the 0.25 µg/mL concentration was able to show 14.2±0.0 mm inhibition on S. aureus, while the concentrations of 0.25 µg/ml and 0.125 µg/mL were the only two concentrations of the dry alcohol that showed levels of sensitivity with zone diameters of 29.3±1.0 and 25.2±0.0, respectively. Conclusion: The plant extracts of zobo leaves which displayed remarkable activity at fairly-low concentrations could be recommended for use against similar bacteria. Thus, investigation and adoption of plant extracts in modern medicine should be encouraged as this may be the break through needed to combat the ever-increasing resistance to commonly used antibiotics.

scholarly journals Determination of In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Five Sri Lankan Medicinal Plants against Selected Human Pathogenic Bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manikkuwadura Hasara Nethmini De Zoysa ◽  
Hasanga Rathnayake ◽  
Ruwani Punyakanthi Hewawasam ◽  
Weerasinghe Mudiyanselage Dilip Gaya Bandara Wijayaratne
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Hexane Extracts

Introduction. Antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest threats of the 21st century. Scientists search for potential antimicrobial sources that can cope with antibiotic resistance. Plants used in traditional medicine can be identified as potential candidates for the synthesis of novel drug compounds to act against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Objective. To determine the potential antimicrobial effects of ethanol, aqueous, and hexane extracts of five Sri Lankan medicinal plants against four human pathogens. Methods. Asparagus falcatus (tubers), Asteracantha longifolia (whole plant), Vetiveria zizanioides (roots), Epaltes divaricata (whole plant), and Coriandrum sativum (seeds) were used in the study. Plant extracts were screened against four clinically important Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 700603). Antibacterial activity of plant extracts were monitored using the agar disc diffusion method. Eight concentrations of each positive plant extract were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by 5-fold dilution of plant extracts yielding a serial dilution of the original extract. Results. Ethanol, aqueous, and hexane extracts of E. divaricata gave the maximum zones of inhibition of 16.3 mm, 7.4 mm, and 13.7 mm and MIC values of 0.48 mg/ml, 1.2 mg/ml, and 1.6 mg/ml, respectively, against S. aureus. Ethanol and hexane extracts of V. zizanioides gave the maximum zones of inhibition of 12.1 mm and 11.4 mm and MIC values 2.4 mg/ml and 0.003 mg/ml, respectively, against S. aureus. None of the other plants were effective against any microorganism used for the study. Conclusions. It can be concluded that E. divaricata and V. zizanioides crude ethanol, aqueous, and hexane extracts exhibited significant in vitro antibacterial activity against S. aureus, and the active compounds isolated from them can be potential sources for the synthesis of antibacterial drugs.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Cola nitida seed on selected bacterial isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 001-007
Author(s):  
Dantani Dauda Odonye͙͙͙͙͙ ◽  
Peter Uteh Upla ◽  
Adegbe Lucy Ladi ◽  
Enoch Peter Odonye ◽  
Abisabo Adamu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Cola Nitida

Kola nut (Cola nitida) is chewed in many West African cultures and it is used ceremonially, industrially, medicinally and economically. The aim of this study was to assess the phytochemical properties and antibacterial activity of Cola nitida seeds. The seeds were purchased, dried and then powdered for phytochemical screening and extraction. Ethanol and aqueous (hot water) extracts were used for this study. The antibacterial activity of each extract at 30 mg/ml and 60 mg/ml was tested on four bacterial isolates; Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli using the disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar. The results revealed the presence of various potent phytochemicals such as alkaloids, polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids and glycosides. The zones of inhibition ranged from 0.0 mm to 28.0 mm for both concentrations of the ethanol extract and from 0.0 mm to 31.0 mm for both concentrations of the aqueous extract. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) ranged from 7.5 mg/ml to 30.0 mg/ml for the ethanol extract and 3.75 mg/ml to 30.0 mg/ml for the aqueous extract. No minimum bactericidal concentration was recorded. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) performed on the data showed that there were significant differences in the zones of inhibition for each concentration of the extracts (P<0.05). The purified extract of Cola nitida seeds can be used to treat infections caused by these selected bacterial species.

scholarly journals Anti-bacterial activity of Corchorus olitorius L. and Acmella caulirhiza Del. On Streptococcus mutans, a cariogenic bacterium

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1685-91
Author(s):  
Hadijja Namwase ◽  
Florence Najjuka ◽  
Godfrey Bbosa
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Background: Dental caries remains a global oral health challenge with the prevalence reported as high as 66.7% in adults. Despite the use of modern medicines, the prevalence of dental caries remains high. This has led to extensive screening of natural products particularly from plants such as Corchorus olitorius L. and Acmella caulirhiza Del. for anti-cariogenic activity. Aim: To assess the anti-bacterial activity of Corchorus olitorius L. and Acmella caulirhiza Del. on Streptococcus mutans, a cariogenic bacteria. Methods: Plant materials of C. olitorius L. and A. caulirhiza Del. were extracted using diethyl ether, methanol, distilled water by cold maceration. Agar well diffusion method was used for sensitivity and susceptibility tests on S. mutans (ATCC 6519). Results: The aqueous plant extract of C. olitorius L. and the ether plant extract of A. caulirhiza Del. had the highest zones of inhibition (16.10mm and 12.03mm respectively) at a concentration of 1000mg/ml. The lowest MIC and MBC were 62.5mg/ml and 250mg/ml respectively. Conclusion: Both C. olitorius L. and A. caulirhiza Del. as used in oral health practices have been found to have antibacterial activity against the cariogenic S. mutans. Further studies should be conducted to isolate bioactive compounds against S. mutans. Keywords: Antibacterial activity;Minimum inhibitory concentration; Plant extracts; Corchorus olitorius L.; Acmella caulirhiza Del.; Streptococcus mutans; Dental caries.

Therapeutic efficacy of some extracts of hot pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum) and Sumac seeds (Rhus coriaria) on the growth of some isolated dermatophytes species

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
Sara Omran ◽  
Abdulghani Alsamarai ◽  
Firas Razzzaq
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Dermatology Clinic

Background: Fungal infections are one of the common skin diseases with difficulty in their treatment approach. The present efficient drugs for fungal infection are limited. Aim: To determine the therapeutic efficacy of plant extracts as alternative antifungal agents. Materials and methods: 100 clinical samples [68 from female and 32 from male] were collected during the period from March to July 2017 from subjects attending Dermatology Clinic in Salah Uldean General Hospital. Fungal infection was diagnosed with using KOH wet preparation. Fungal species identified by using conventional approach. The active ingredients existing in the plant extracts were detected and analyzed through qualitative and quantitative detection technique of chemical compounds using a high performance liquid chromatographic device (HPLC). Agar diffusion method was used to determine antifungal activity of plant extracts. Results: Direct microscopic examination showed that there were (75%) positive samples, while culture shows (67%) positive samples. The isolated dermatophytes belong to Epidermophyoton, Microsporum, and Trichophyton genus. The predominant dermatophytes were T. rubrum (25%) species. The highest frequency of infection was in the age group of 11-20 years. The sensitivity of the tested fungi to the aqueous and alcoholic plant extracts varies. Alcoholic extract of the hot pepper plant was more effective as antifungal than the aqueous extract of the same plant. However, aqueous hot pepper extracts was more effective against T. mentagrophyte than that of alcoholic extract. Additionally, alcoholic Sumac extract shows higher efficacy that aqueous extract. Conclusion: Hot pepper and Sumac extracts show antifungal activity against Microsporum canis, Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophyte.

scholarly journals Antibiotic sensitivity and in vitro antimicrobial activity of plant extracts to pseudomonas fluorescens isolates collected from diseased fish

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Foysal ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
M Alam
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts

Studies were conducted to identify Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates from a collection of bacteria isolated from bacterial haemorrhagic septicaemia infected carp and catfish, evaluate their antibiotic sensitivity pattern and screen the antibacterial activity of some medicinal plant extracts against the isolates.. A total of 10 isolates were identified as P. fluorescens by morphological, physiological and biochemical tests. In vitro antibiotic sensitivity test of the P. fluorescens isolates were conducted by disc diffusion method for seven antibiotics where, all of the isolates were found to be sensitive only against streptomycin and gentamycin but, most of the isolates (80%) were found resistant to chloramphenicol (C). Moreover, eighty percent of the isolates showed resistance to multiple antibiotics. A total of 118 plant extracts were screened for their antibacterial activity against the P. fluorescens isolates where the isolates exhibited sensitivity to 30 samples. Leaf extracts of Tamarindus indicus, Terminalia chebula, Citrus aurantifolia, Eugenia caryophyllata and Spondias pinnata were found to inhibit the growth of all of the P. fluorescens isolates. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v1i4.9733 IJNS 2011 1(4): 82-88

scholarly journals In VitroAntibacterial Potential of Extracts ofSterculia africana,Acacia sieberiana, andCassia abbreviatassp.abbreviataUsed by Yellow Baboons(Papio cynocephalus)for Possible Self-Medication in Mikumi National Park, Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Irene Kirabo ◽  
Faith P. Mabiki ◽  
Robinson H. Mdegela ◽  
Christopher J. D. Obbo
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
National Park ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Acacia Sieberiana

In the animals in general and nonhuman primates in particular self-medication has been widely reported; however, little is still known about the pharmacological activity of the extracts present in their daily diet. Thein vitroantibacterial activity of the stem, root bark, and leaf extracts of three selected plants on which yellow baboons feed in an unusual manner in Mikumi National Park, Tanzania, was evaluated. Crude plant extracts were tested against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria of medical and veterinary importance employing a modified agar well diffusion method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) technique. The lowest MIC value for Gram positive strains was 0.31 mg/ml demonstrated byCassia abbreviatassp.abbreviataagainstStaphylococcus aureus(ATCC 25923). The highest susceptibility to the ethanol plant extracts was exhibited byPseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,andStaphylococcus aureus,examples of microbes that affect both human and nonhuman primates. These findings demonstrate that the plant extracts fromSterculia africana,Acacia sieberiana,andCassia abbreviatassp.abbreviatahave antibacterial activity and may be used as feed for their prophylactic benefits. Remarkably, the lowest MIC of 0.16 mg/ml was only 16-fold weaker than Gentamicin, a standard drug.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITIES OF INDONESIAN MARINE SPONGE AAPTOS AAPTOS AND CALLYSPONGIA PSEUDORETICULATA EXTRACTS AND THEIR TOXICITY AGAINST Vibrio spp.

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosmiati Rosmiati ◽  
Habsah Mohamad ◽  
Tengku Sifzizul Tengku Muhammad ◽  
Najiah Musa ◽  
Aziz Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Larval Rearing ◽  
Butanol Extract ◽  
Vibrio Spp ◽  
Mic Value

Vibriosis is one of diseases which often results in mass mortality of Penaeus monodon larval rearing systems. It attacks shrimp of all stages in zoea, mysis and shrimp postlarva stage. This disease is caused by Vibrio spp, particularly Vibrio harveyi (a luminescent bacterium). Several kinds of antibiotics and chemical material have been used to overcome the disease but they have side effects to environment and human. The searching of bioactive compounds as an alternative treatment has been done for multi purposes. In this study diethyl eter, butanol and aqueous extract of Indonesian sponges Aaptos aaptos and Callyspongia pseudoreticulata were tested for in vitro activity against Vibrio spp. and Vibrio harveyi by using disc diffusion method. The result showed that all extracts of Aaptos aaptos gave a positive antibacterial activity towards those pathogenic bacteria. Meanwhile, only butanol extract of Callyspongia pseudoreticulata obtained to exhibit an antibacterial activity on those pathogenic bacteria. The strong anti-vibrio activity were shown by butanol and aqueous extract of Aaptos aaptos with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.313 and 0.625 mg/mL, respectively. Whilst, the butanol extract of Callyspongia pseudoreticulata indicated a low antibacterial activity with the MIC value of 10 mg/mL. Toxicity of those active extracts was evaluated by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST). Interestingly, butanol and aqueous extracts of Aaptos aaptos did not show any toxic effect in Artemia salina larvae up to 8 x MIC (2.504 mg/mL and 5.000 mg/mL). It is the first report for the anti-vibr io activity of both Aaptos aaptos and Callyspongia pseudoreticulata. This results suggest that Aaptos aaptos has a potential to be used as a source of alternative compound to vibriosis prevention for mariculture.

scholarly journals Green Synthesis of Zinc Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Extract of Magnoliae officinalis and Assessment of its Bioactivity Potentials

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7765-7774
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Crystal Form ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Zinc Nanoparticles

Today, considerable attention has been drawn to the unique physicochemical and biological properties of zinc nanoparticles. In this study, ZnO-NPs were synthesized using Magnoliae officinalis (MO) aqueous extract as a reducing and capping agent. Characteristics of ZnO-NPs were analyzed using analytical techniques such as UV, FTIR, SEM, XRD, EDX, DLS, and zeta potential. After that, the antibacterial activity of ZnO-NPs against methicilin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was studied. The results of FTIR and UV-vis spectra showed successful biosynthesis of ZnO-NPs, because the absorption peaks and functional groups involved in the synthesis process were well developed. Additionally, the SEM micrograph and the DLS showed that the morphology and size distribution of the ZnO-NPs were spherical with a size of 150 nm. XRD, EDX, and zeta potential indicated crystal form of ZnO-NPs with zinc: oxygen ratio of 72.35:27 and a surface charge of +28 mv. The antibacterial activity of ZnO-NPs with the assessment of the well-diffusion method, MIC and MBC indicated the highest inhibitory effect at a concentration of 300 µg/ml, MIC 250 µg/ml and MBC 300 µg/ml. As regards the desirable antimicrobial activity of biosynthesized ZnO-NPs using MO extract, they may be used for medicinal purposes, in particular as antimicrobials and antiseptic agents.

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