scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Zobo and Bay Leaf Extracts on Enteropathogenic Bacteria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
S. A. Wemedo ◽  
N. P. Akani ◽  
A. D. Amadiali
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enteropathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Aim: The antibacterial activity of Bay leaf (Laurus nobilis L.) and Zobo leaf (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) extracts on enteropathogenic bacteria was investigated. Study Design: The study utilized well in agar diffusion to investigate the antimicrobial properties of the extracts. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Rivers State University and the study was carried out in August, 2018 to October, 2018. Methodology: Faecal samples were collected from a medical laboratory and inoculated on eosin methylene blue and mannitol salt agar plates for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using standard microbiological techniques. The bacterial isolates were subjected to biochemical and molecular (PCR) identification so as to ascertain the distinctiveness of the isolates. Hot water and absolute alcohol were used as the extracting solvents. Concentrations of the extracted solvents was tested against E. coli and S. aureus using the well in agar method. Results: The result showed that both hot aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Bay leaf showed no sensitivity against the tested bacteria, whereas the extracts of hot dry aqueous and alcohol of Zobo leaf showed remarkable zones of inhibition against the tested bacteria. The zones of inhibition in the dry hot aqueous extract of zobo leaf with concentrations of 0.25 µg/mL, 0.125 µg/mL and 0.063 µg/mL were 31.3±0.1, 25.6±1.2 and 10.0±0.0, respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentration of the dry hot aqueous of zobo extract was observed at 0.063 µg/mL for E. coli, while zones of inhibition of 33.3±0.0, 30.1±0.3, 17.2±1.0 and 15.0±0.1 mm were recorded from the dry alcoholic extract of zobo leaf on E. coli given similar concentrations and the MIC was observed at the 0.031 µg/mL concentration. The result also showed that out of the four concentrations of the dry hot aqueous extract, only the 0.25 µg/mL concentration was able to show 14.2±0.0 mm inhibition on S. aureus, while the concentrations of 0.25 µg/ml and 0.125 µg/mL were the only two concentrations of the dry alcohol that showed levels of sensitivity with zone diameters of 29.3±1.0 and 25.2±0.0, respectively. Conclusion: The plant extracts of zobo leaves which displayed remarkable activity at fairly-low concentrations could be recommended for use against similar bacteria. Thus, investigation and adoption of plant extracts in modern medicine should be encouraged as this may be the break through needed to combat the ever-increasing resistance to commonly used antibiotics.

scholarly journals Effect of Citrus aurantifolia Seed Extracts In Some Bacteria Isolated From Burns Infections

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 773-780
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Alcoholic Extract

The present study was carried to evaluate antibacterial activity of Acetone, Alcholic (cold and hot) and Aqueaus(water) extracts of Citrus aurantifoliaseeds,against growth of some bacteria isolated from burns infections(Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli, Klebsiellapneumonia,Staphylococcusaureus)fromKindy HospitalIn Baghdad from March to June 2012.Antibiotic Sensitivity was done for all isolated bacteria used in this study.Results showed variation in antibacterial activity of different extracts against all tested bacteria by well diffusion technique in agar and measuring the diameter of inhibition zone, at concentration 250Mg-ml. Acetone extract had the greatest inhibitory effect followed by hot alcoholci extract, and then cold alcoholic extract,while the aqueous extract slightly inhibited bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)were determined for all extracts against studying bacteria and found(12.5-50)mg-ml for acetone and alcoholic extracts, MIC for aqueous extract was 50mg-ml forPseudomonasaeruginosa and Escherichia coli,while was no effect onKlebsiellapneumonia and Staphylococcusaureus. Minimum Bacterial Concentration(MBC)were determined and was found25-50mg-ml for acetone extract,hot water was25mg-ml, cold alcoholic extract was 50mg-ml forPseudomonasaeruginosa,Escherichia coli andKlebsiella pneumonia but showed no effect on Staphylococcus aureus, aqueous extract showed negative effect on alltested bacteria. The antimicrobial activity of hot alcoholic extract of seeds was investigated practically (in vivo) by treating burns mices infected with tested bacteria(Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli and Klebsiellapneumonia),the results revealed good recovery at short time comparing with antibiotic(Flamazine) used at the same time.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Aloe Lanata and Aloe Vacillanis Plant Extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Amani Ahmed F. Khardesh ◽  
Hitham Qasem M. Hadi ◽  
Khaled Saeed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Response ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

This study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial effect of the aqueous and Methanolic extracts of Aloe Lanata and Aloe Vacillanis. Using agar diffusion method, three different concentrations of Aloe extracts were evaluated on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and to compare the effectiveness of extracts with some antibiotics  (Ampicillin: Amp, Erythromycin: Erytho, Gentamycin: Genta).The extracts showed that there was a different effect on the bacterial species according to the type and concentration of the plant extract as well as the inhibitory response to the bacterial species. The aqueous and alcoholic extract of A. lanata is more potent than A. vacillanis extract. In comparison to the type of extract, the alcoholic extract of A. lanata was more effective than the aqueous extract, while the aqueous extract of the A. vacillanis showed higher efficacy than the alcoholic extract. Both extracts had the most substantial effect on both E. coli and P. aeroginosa and were less effective on S. aureus. Antibacterial efficacy of studied plant extracts showed better efficacy than the antibiotic (Ampicillin, Erythromycin) on Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Cola nitida seed on selected bacterial isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 001-007
Author(s):  
Dantani Dauda Odonye͙͙͙͙͙ ◽  
Peter Uteh Upla ◽  
Adegbe Lucy Ladi ◽  
Enoch Peter Odonye ◽  
Abisabo Adamu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Cola Nitida

Kola nut (Cola nitida) is chewed in many West African cultures and it is used ceremonially, industrially, medicinally and economically. The aim of this study was to assess the phytochemical properties and antibacterial activity of Cola nitida seeds. The seeds were purchased, dried and then powdered for phytochemical screening and extraction. Ethanol and aqueous (hot water) extracts were used for this study. The antibacterial activity of each extract at 30 mg/ml and 60 mg/ml was tested on four bacterial isolates; Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli using the disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar. The results revealed the presence of various potent phytochemicals such as alkaloids, polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids and glycosides. The zones of inhibition ranged from 0.0 mm to 28.0 mm for both concentrations of the ethanol extract and from 0.0 mm to 31.0 mm for both concentrations of the aqueous extract. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) ranged from 7.5 mg/ml to 30.0 mg/ml for the ethanol extract and 3.75 mg/ml to 30.0 mg/ml for the aqueous extract. No minimum bactericidal concentration was recorded. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) performed on the data showed that there were significant differences in the zones of inhibition for each concentration of the extracts (P<0.05). The purified extract of Cola nitida seeds can be used to treat infections caused by these selected bacterial species.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Gongronema latifolium and Costus afer Leaf Extracts on E. coli (ATCC 29455) and S. aureus (ATCC 25923)

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
N. P. Akani ◽  
C. Nwachukwu ◽  
I. O. Hakam
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Gongronema Latifolium ◽  
Costus Afer

Man’s use of medicinal plants in treating illnesses is as old as human existence and many plants have been used for this purpose because of their phytochemical constituents that prove many times to be antimicrobial. The antibacterial activity of the leaf extract of Gongronema latifolium and Costus afer on Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25923) was investigated using standard microbiological procedures of sub-culturing, identity confirmation, water and ethanol extraction of leaves and sensitivity testing via agar well diffusion method. Results revealed that S. aureus and E. coli were both inhibited by the aqueous extract of C. afer with zone diameter of 16 mm and 15 mm respectively as well as the ethanolic extract of C. afer with diameter of 18mm and 15 mm respectively. However, aqueous and ethanolic extracts of G. latifolium proved ineffective against the strains of E. coli and S. aureus used in this study. Results of minimum inhibitory concentration revealed MIC of the aqueous extract of C. afer on E. coli and S. aureus to be 50 mgml-1 and 25 mgml-1 respectively while that of the ethanolic extracts of C. afer was 12.5 mgml-1 and 6.25 mgml-1 for E. coli and S. aureus respectively. Comparatively E. coli showed high sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin and Septrin with zones of inhibition of 37, 32 and 24 respectively and resistant to Ampicillin, Erythromycin and Tetracycline with zones of inhibition of 6, 0 and 0 respectively. S. aureus on the other hand proved sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Erythromycin, Gentamycin and Tetracycline with zones of inhibition of 35, 28, 29 and 34 respectively and resistant to Ampicillin and Septrin with zones of inhibition of o respectively. This study has revealed that some positive effect can be achieved against S. aureus and E. coli infections using C. afer at good concentrations. Better results could also be achieved using ethanol as extracting medium with instead of water as is common practice.

scholarly journals Use of Traditional Indian Plants in the Inhibition of Caries-Causing Bacteria - Streptococcus mutans

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Jain ◽  
P. Jain ◽  
D. Bisht ◽  
A. Sharma ◽  
B. Srivastava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
The Mean

The aim of the study was to comparatively evaluate the antibacterial activity of six Indian plant extracts and 0.2% chlorhexidine against clinical strains of Streptococcus mutans, which were isolated from the plaque samples of 45 pediatric patients. Six plant extracts were prepared in three different forms, namely aqueous extracts, organic solvent-based extracts and crude (raw) extracts. The antimicrobial sensitivity testing was done by agar well diffusion method. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts was determined by measuring the mean zones of inhibition (mm) produced against the bacterial isolates. Results showed that crude garlic extract exhibited greater antibacterial activity than chlorhexidine. Aqueous extract of amla and organic solvent-based extract of ginger showed the maximum antibacterial activity against S. mutans, whereas aqueous extract of tulsi and organic solvent based extract of amla showed the minimum antibacterial activity. This study suggests that plant extracts like garlic in crude form, amla as aqueous infusion and ginger as alcoholic tincture have potential for the control of S. mutans. These extracts can be used as an alternative remedy for dental caries prevention or in the form of mouthwash, which is safe and economical.

Therapeutic efficacy of some extracts of hot pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum) and Sumac seeds (Rhus coriaria) on the growth of some isolated dermatophytes species

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
Sara Omran ◽  
Abdulghani Alsamarai ◽  
Firas Razzzaq
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Dermatology Clinic

Background: Fungal infections are one of the common skin diseases with difficulty in their treatment approach. The present efficient drugs for fungal infection are limited. Aim: To determine the therapeutic efficacy of plant extracts as alternative antifungal agents. Materials and methods: 100 clinical samples [68 from female and 32 from male] were collected during the period from March to July 2017 from subjects attending Dermatology Clinic in Salah Uldean General Hospital. Fungal infection was diagnosed with using KOH wet preparation. Fungal species identified by using conventional approach. The active ingredients existing in the plant extracts were detected and analyzed through qualitative and quantitative detection technique of chemical compounds using a high performance liquid chromatographic device (HPLC). Agar diffusion method was used to determine antifungal activity of plant extracts. Results: Direct microscopic examination showed that there were (75%) positive samples, while culture shows (67%) positive samples. The isolated dermatophytes belong to Epidermophyoton, Microsporum, and Trichophyton genus. The predominant dermatophytes were T. rubrum (25%) species. The highest frequency of infection was in the age group of 11-20 years. The sensitivity of the tested fungi to the aqueous and alcoholic plant extracts varies. Alcoholic extract of the hot pepper plant was more effective as antifungal than the aqueous extract of the same plant. However, aqueous hot pepper extracts was more effective against T. mentagrophyte than that of alcoholic extract. Additionally, alcoholic Sumac extract shows higher efficacy that aqueous extract. Conclusion: Hot pepper and Sumac extracts show antifungal activity against Microsporum canis, Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophyte.

In Vitro Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Myrsine africana against laboratory Strains of Pathogenic Organisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 4512
Author(s):  
Jackie K. Obey ◽  
Anthoney Swamy T* ◽  
Lasiti Timothy ◽  
Makani Rachel
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Myrsine Africana

The determination of the antibacterial activity (zone of inhibition) and minimum inhibitory concentration of medicinal plants a crucial step in drug development. In this study, the antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of the ethanol extract of Myrsine africana were determined for Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The zones of inhibition (mm±S.E) of 500mg/ml of M. africana ethanol extract were 22.00± 0.00 for E. coli,20.33 ±0.33 for B. cereus,25.00± 0.00 for S. epidermidis and 18. 17±0.17 for S. pneumoniae. The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) is the minimum dose required to inhibit growth a microorganism. Upon further double dilution of the 500mg/ml of M. africana extract, MIC was obtained for each organism. The MIC for E. coli, B. cereus, S. epidermidis and S. pneumoniae were 7.81mg/ml, 7.81mg/ml, 15.63mg/ml and 15.63mg/ml respectively. Crude extracts are considered active when they inhibit microorganisms with zones of inhibition of 8mm and above. Therefore, this study has shown that the ethanol extract of M. africana can control the growth of the four organisms tested.

scholarly journals Alkaloid-Rich Crude Extracts, Fractions and Piperamide Alkaloids of Piper guineense Possess Promising Antibacterial Effects

Antibiotics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice Mgbeahuruike ◽  
Pia Fyhrquist ◽  
Heikki Vuorela ◽  
Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto ◽  
Yvonne Holm
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Derivatives Of

Piper guineense is a food and medicinal plant commonly used to treat infectious diseases in West-African traditional medicine. In a bid to identify new antibacterial compounds due to bacterial resistance to antibiotics, twelve extracts of P. guineense fruits and leaves, obtained by sequential extraction, as well as the piperine and piperlongumine commercial compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria. HPLC-DAD and UHPLC/Q-TOF MS analysis were conducted to characterize and identify the compounds present in the extracts with promising antibacterial activity. The extracts, with the exception of the hot water decoctions and macerations, contained piperamide alkaloids as their main constituents. Piperine, dihydropiperine, piperylin, dihydropiperylin or piperlonguminine, dihydropiperlonguminine, wisanine, dihydrowisanine and derivatives of piperine and piperidine were identified in a hexane extract of the leaf. In addition, some new piperamide alkaloids were identified, such as a piperine and a piperidine alkaloid derivative and two unknown piperamide alkaloids. To the best of our knowledge, there are no piperamides reported in the literature with similar UVλ absorption maxima and masses. A piperamide alkaloid-rich hexane leaf extract recorded the lowest MIC of 19 µg/mL against Sarcina sp. and gave promising growth inhibitory effects against S. aureus and E. aerogenes as well, inhibiting the growth of both bacteria with a MIC of 78 µg/mL. Moreover, this is the first report of the antibacterial activity of P. guineense extracts against Sarcina sp. and E. aerogenes. Marked growth inhibition was also obtained for chloroform extracts of the leaves and fruits against P. aeruginosa with a MIC value of 78 µg/mL. Piperine and piperlongumine were active against E. aerogenes, S. aureus, E. coli, S. enterica, P. mirabilis and B. cereus with MIC values ranging from 39–1250 µg/mL. Notably, the water extracts, which were almost devoid of piperamide alkaloids, were not active against the bacterial strains. Our results demonstrate that P. guineense contains antibacterial alkaloids that could be relevant for the discovery of new natural antibiotics.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens to sucrose monoesters of capric and lauric acid

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 374-380
Author(s):  
E. Skřivanová ◽  
Š. Pražáková ◽  
O. Benada ◽  
P. Hovorková ◽  
MarounekM
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enteropathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cytoplasmic Structures

The sucrose monoesters of capric and lauric acid were tested for their antibacterial activity towards two foodborne enteropathogenic bacteria &ndash; Escherichia coli (CCM 3954 &ndash; serotype O6 and E22 &ndash; serotype O103) and Clostridium perfringens (CNCTC 5459 and CIP 105178). Antibacterial activity was evaluated by the plating technique. Sucrose monocaprate significantly decreased the number of viable cells of E. coli at all tested concentrations (0.1&ndash;5 mg/ml). The overnight incubation of C. perfringens with the sucrose ester of lauric acid at 0.1&ndash;5 mg/ml reduced the number of viable cells below the detection limit (2 log<sub>10</sub> CFU/ml). Incubating E. coli CCM 3954 and C. perfringens CNCTC 5459 with monoesters (0.1 and 2 mg/ml) did not influence the K<sup>+</sup> permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane in cells during a 2.5-minute treatment. A 30-minute incubation of E. coli CCM 3954 and C. perfringens CNCTC 5459 with esters (0.1 and 2 mg/ml) revealed damage to cytoplasmic structures, as observed by transmission electron microscopy. &nbsp;

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SOAP MADE FROM ESSENTIAL OILS AND COMMERCIAL SOAP SOLD IN THE LEBANESE MARKET

2021 ◽  
pp. e304
Author(s):  
Candy GERGES ◽  
Mohamad HADLA ◽  
Michele ELIALI ◽  
Martine RICHA ◽  
Nour Mammari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Commercial Soap ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Background: Thousands of people are dying as a result of infections caused by bacteria. Among the main routes of germ transmission are the hands, making hand hygiene very important in preventing the spread of pathogens and bacterial infection. Hand washing with soap and water is considered to be a simple and effective measure. Old soap manufacturers have long had traditional uses in the Lebanese community. Methods: The purpose of this study is to compare the antibacterial activity of oil-based soaps with commercial soap sold in the Lebanese market. Different types of herbal soap and antiseptics have been used in this study. Four bacterial strains were used: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter Spp. The antibacterial activities of these soaps were determined by the diffusion method of disks in agar medium. Results and Discussion: Statistical analysis of zones of inhibition showed that S. epidermidis, P. aeruginosa and Enterobacter Spp. were sensitive only to traditional oil-based soaps, which are Sage, Rose Mary and Cedar. In addition, S. aureus showed sensitivity to soaps comprised of essential oils as well as antibacterial synthetic soap, Dettol and Lifebuoy. On the other hand, E. coli showed resistance to all soaps. Soaps comprised of natural essential oils have shown antibacterial activity superior to so-called “Antibacterial” soaps. Conclusion: Based on this study, we can say that the use of soaps with essential oils might be the best option due to their organic origin as well as their antibacterial proved activities.

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