scholarly journals Do untreated caries influence the school leaving of adolescents? A cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Fernanda Ruffo Ortiz ◽  
Thiago Machado Ardenghi ◽  
Marilia Maroneze ◽  
Saul Martins Paiva ◽  
Isabela Almeida Pordeus
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Relative Risk Ratio ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
School Dropouts ◽  
Untreated Caries

Abstract The objective was assess the influence of untreated caries and socioeconomic status (SES) on school dropout among adolescents. A six-year cohort study was conducted with random sample of adolescents (12 years-old) who had been evaluated initially in 2012 from Santa Maria, Brazil. Sex, socioeconomic status (mother’s education and household income), and untreated caries were collected at the baseline. The outcome variable was collected at the follow-up through self-report and was divided into three categories: adolescents who only studied, who studied and employed, and who school dropouts. A multinomial regression model was performed to assess the influence of oral disease and SES on school leaving, through relative risk ratio (RRR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). From of 1,134 adolescents evaluated at the baseline, 768 participants with a mean age of 17.5 years were re-evaluated at follow-up (67.8% response rate). Male (RRR: 2.31; 95%CI: 1.19-4.48) and adolescents with untreated caries at the baseline had an increment in school-leaving (RRR: 2.26; 95%CI: 1.12-4.56). Mothers with low education (RRR: 2.24; 95%CI: 1.09-4.61) had a higher probability of having children who leave school. Untreated caries and low SES in early adolescence can influence the tendency to school dropouts.

scholarly journals 0919 Health Disparities in the Persistence of Childhood Insomnia Symptoms in the Transition to Adolescence: The Penn State Child Cohort

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A349-A349
Author(s):  
E Bourchtein ◽  
K Puzino ◽  
S L Calhoun ◽  
C Criley ◽  
F He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Remission Rate ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Full Remission ◽  
Penn State ◽  
State Child ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Abstract Introduction A strong body of cross-sectional evidence indicates that social determinants of health (SDH), such as race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and sex/gender, are linked to sleep problems, including insomnia symptoms. Few studies have examined the longitudinal association between SDH and the persistence and remission of insomnia symptoms in the transition between childhood and adolescence, a critical period for sleep health. Methods The Penn State Child Cohort is a random, population-based sample of 700 children (5-12y at baseline), of whom 421 were followed up as adolescents (12-23y at follow-up). All subjects underwent polysomnography, clinical history, physical exam, and parent- and self-reported scales at baseline and follow-up. Childhood insomnia symptoms were defined as a parent- and/or self-report of difficulty falling and/or staying asleep. All subjects or their parents identified the subject’s sex, race, and ethnicity, and reported on socioeconomic status (SES) of the household. Results Females (32.7%) and racial/ethnic minorities (25.0%) were associated with a significantly lower remission rate as compared to males (53.3%) and non-Hispanic whites (48.3%), respectively. Non-Hispanic whites of low SES were associated with a significantly lower full remission rate (26.3%) as compared to non-Hispanic whites of higher SES (42.0%), while racial/ethnic minorities were associated with the lowest full remission rates regardless of whether they were of low (9.1%) or higher (11.1%) SES. Conclusion Our novel data indicate that gender-, racial/ethnic- and socioeconomic-related disparities in insomnia not only occur as early as childhood but are important determinants of insomnia’s chronic course throughout development. Support National Institutes of Health (R01HL136587, R01HL97165, R01HL63772, UL1TR000127)

scholarly journals Disability Trajectories in Patients With Complaints of Arm, Neck, and Shoulder (CANS) in Primary Care: Prospective Cohort Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 972-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald S. Miedema ◽  
Anita Feleus ◽  
Sita M.A. Bierma-Zeinstra ◽  
Trynke Hoekstra ◽  
Alex Burdorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Poor General Health

Abstract Background Nontraumatic complaints of arm, neck, and shoulder (CANS) represent an important health issue, with a high prevalence in the general working age population and huge economic impact. Nevertheless, only few prospective cohort studies for the outcome of CANS are available. Objectives The purpose of this study was to identify disability trajectories and associated prognostic factors during a 2-year follow-up of patients with a new episode of CANS in primary care. Design This was a prospective cohort study. Methods Data of 682 participants were collected through questionnaires at baseline and every 6 months thereafter. Disability was measured with the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (DASH). Latent class growth mixture (LCGM) modeling was used to identify clinically meaningful groups of patients who were similar in their disability trajectory during follow-up. Multivariate multinomial regression analysis was used to evaluate associations between sociodemographic, complaint-related, physical, and psychosocial variables and the identified disability trajectories. Results Three disability trajectories were identified: fast recovery (67.6%), modest recovery (23.6%), and continuous high disability (8.8%). A high level of somatization was the most important baseline predictor of continuous high disability. Furthermore, poor general health, widespread complaints, and medium level of somatization were associated with this trajectory and >3 months complaint duration, musculoskeletal comorbidity, female sex, history of trauma, low educational level, low social support, and high complaint severity were associated with both continuous high disability and modest recovery. Age, kinesiophobia, and catastrophizing showed significant associations only with modest recovery. Limitations Loss to follow-up ranged from 10% to 22% at each follow-up measurement. Disabilities were assessed only with the DASH and not with physical tests. Misclassification by general practitioners regarding specific or nonspecific diagnostic category might have occurred. The decision for optimal LCGM model, resulting in the disability trajectories, remains arbitrary to some extent. Conclusions Three trajectories described the course of disabilities due to CANS. Several prognostic indicators were identified that can easily be recognized in primary care. As some of these prognostic indicators may be amenable for change, their presence in the early stages of CANS may lead to more intensive or additional interventions (eg, psychological or multidisciplinary therapy). Further research focusing on the use of these prognostic indicators in treatment decisions is needed to further substantiate their predictive value.

FC08-01 - Socioeconomic position and long-term depression trajectory : A 13-year follow-up of the french gazel cohort study

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1852-1852
Author(s):  
M. Melchior ◽  
J.-F. Chastang ◽  
J. Head ◽  
M. Goldberg ◽  
M. Zins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Long Term Depression ◽  
Public Health Decision ◽  
Socioeconomic Gradient ◽  
Persistent Depression

Each year, 3–5% of individuals suffer from depression. Approximately 50% will experience persistent disorder; however, factors associated with depression persistence in the population are not yet fully understood. We tested the hypothesis that long-term depression course is predicted by socioeconomic position. Data come from the Gazel cohort study, which began in 1989 (n = 20 624,35–50 ans, 73% of men). We included 13,142 participants who reported symptoms of depression (CES-D) in 1996, 1999, 2002, 2005 et 2008. These repeated measures were dichotomized (high symptom level : yes vs no) and we identified four longitudinal trajectories (no depression, decreasing symptoms, intermediate/increasing symptoms, persistent depression). Socioeconomic position was measured by occupational grade in 1996 (manual worker/clerk, administrative associate/technician, vs. manager). Analyses were conducted using multinomial regression models, stratifying on sex and controlling for socio-demographic characteristics, negative life events, health behaviors, and preexisting health problems. The probability of being depressed during follow-up followed a socioeconomic gradient. For instance, compared to managers, administrative associates/technicians were more likely to have persistent depression (fully adjusted ORs: men: 1.28, 95% CI 1.05–1.56; women: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.05-3.29) as were manual workers/clerks (fully adjusted ORs: men: 2.32, 95% CI 1.76–3.06; women: 2.63, 95% CI 1.41-4.92). This socioeconomic gradient is consistent with a social causation explanation of persistent depression. The implication for clinicians and public health decision makers is that efforts aimed to reduce the burden of depression should take into account mental health needs across the population, rather than solely focus on high-risk groups.

scholarly journals Diseases with oral manifestations among adult asthmatics in Finland: a population-based matched cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e053133
Author(s):  
Riikka Lemmetyinen ◽  
Jussi Karjalainen ◽  
Anna But ◽  
Risto Renkonen ◽  
Juha Pekkanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Matched Cohort ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Adult Asthma ◽  
Drug Reimbursement ◽  
Matched Cohort Study

ObjectivesMany comorbidities are associated with adult asthma and may exacerbate the asthma burden of disease. This study aims to investigate the risk for major oral diseases or oral-manifesting diseases in asthmatic compared with non-asthmatic adults.DesignWe conducted a population-based matched cohort study with a 13.8-year follow-up.SettingA baseline questionnaire was completed by participants in 1997 and follow-up data were extracted from the national hospital discharge registry of the National Institute for Health and Welfare in Finland from 1997 to 2014.ParticipantsA total of 1394 adults with asthma were matched with 2398 adults without asthma based on sex, age and area of residence. Asthmatic adults were identified from the Drug Reimbursement Register of the Finnish Social Insurance Institution based on a special drug reimbursement right resulting from asthma. Participants without asthma were identified from the Population Register.Main outcomes and measuresOral health-related primary diagnoses were retrieved using codes from the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition and divided into groups of diseases. Cox’s proportional hazards models stratified by matching unit and models matched and adjusted for pack-years, education level and body mass index (when possible) were used to evaluate the matched and further adjusted HRs for diseases comparing asthmatic and non-asthmatic cohorts.ResultsAdult asthma was associated with a higher risk for any oral-manifesting disease (adjusted HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.80), herpes zoster (adjusted HR 6.18, 95% CI 1.21 to 31.6), benign tumours of the oral cavity and pharynx (matched HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.56) and dermatological diseases (pemphigus, pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis, psoriasis and lichen planus, HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.78).ConclusionsIn this study, adult asthmatics experienced a higher risk for a major oral disease or oral-manifesting disease.

scholarly journals Temporal stability of multitrigger and episodic viral wheeze in early childhood

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1700014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben D. Spycher ◽  
Cara Cochrane ◽  
Raquel Granell ◽  
Jonathan A.C. Sterne ◽  
Michael Silverman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Relative Risk Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study

The distinction between episodic viral wheeze (EVW) and multitrigger wheeze (MTW) is used to guide management of preschool wheeze. It has been questioned whether these phenotypes are stable over time. We examined the temporal stability of MTW and EVW in two large population-based cohorts.We classified children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (n=10 970) and the Leicester Respiratory Cohorts ((LRCs), n=3263) into EVW, MTW and no wheeze at ages 2, 4 and 6 years based on parent-reported symptoms. Using multinomial regression, we estimated relative risk ratios for EVW and MTW at follow-up (no wheeze as reference category) with and without adjusting for wheeze severity.Although large proportions of children with EVW and MTW became asymptomatic, those that continued to wheeze showed a tendency to remain in the same phenotype: among children with MTW at 4 years in the LRCs, the adjusted relative risk ratio was 15.6 (95% CI 8.3–29.2) for MTW (stable phenotype) compared to 7.0 (95% CI 2.6–18.9) for EVW (phenotype switching) at 6 years. The tendency to persist was weaker for EVW and from 2–4 years. Results were similar across cohorts.This suggests that MTW, and to a lesser extent EVW, tend to persist regardless of wheeze severity.

scholarly journals Cohort profile: LIFEWORK, a prospective cohort study on occupational and environmental risk factors and health in the Netherlands

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e018504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marije Reedijk ◽  
Virissa Lenters ◽  
Pauline Slottje ◽  
Anouk Pijpe ◽  
Petra H Peeters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Weighted Kappa ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Mobile Phone Use

PurposeLIFEWORK is a large federated prospective cohort established in the Netherlands to quantify the health effects of occupational and environmental exposures. This cohort is also the Dutch contribution to the international Cohort Study of Mobile Phone Use and Health (COSMOS). In this paper, we describe the study design, ongoing data collection, baseline characteristics of participants and the repeatability of key questionnaire items.Participants88 466 participants were enrolled in three cohort studies in 2011–2012. Exposure information was collected by a harmonised core questionnaire, or modelled based on occupational and residential histories; domains include air pollution (eg, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter with diameter ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5)), noise, electromagnetic fields (EMF), mobile phone use, shift work and occupational chemical exposures. Chronic and subacute health outcomes are assessed by self-report and through linkage with health registries.Findings to dateParticipants had a median age of 51 years at baseline (range 19–87), and the majority are female (90%), with nurses being over-represented. Median exposure levels of NO2, PM2.5, EMF from base stations and noise at the participants’ home addresses at baseline were 22.9 µg/m3, 16.6 µg/m3, 0.003 mWm2and 53.1 dB, respectively. Twenty-two per cent of participants reported to have started using a mobile phone more than 10 years prior to baseline. Repeatability for self-reported exposures was moderate to high (weighted kappa range: 0.69–1) for a subset of participants (n=237) who completed the questionnaire twice.Future plansWe are actively and passively observing participants; we plan to administer a follow-up questionnaire every 4–5 years—the first follow-up will be completed in 2018—and linkage to cause-of-death and cancer registries occurs on a (bi)annual basis. This prospective cohort offers a unique, large and rich resource for research on contemporary occupational and environmental health risks and will contribute to the large international COSMOS study on mobile phone use and health.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic status in Danish transgender persons: a nationwide register-based cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorte Glintborg ◽  
Katrine Hass Rubin ◽  
Simon Bang Mohr Kristensen ◽  
Øjvind Lidegaard ◽  
Guy R T'Sjoen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
High Income ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
National Study ◽  
Relative Risk Ratio ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Transgender Persons

Background: Gender dysphoria could be associated with low socioeconomic status (SES). SES could be modified by age, ethnic background, and medical morbidity. Aim: To determine SES in a national study population including transgender persons in Denmark. Methods: National register-based cohort study in Danish transgender persons and age-matched controls. The transgender study cohort included persons with ICD-10 diagnosis code of “gender identity disorder” and/or persons with legal sex-change. Included persons fulfilled the inclusion criteria during 2000-2018. The main outcome measure was SES including personal income, occupational status, and education. Results: The cohort included 2,770 transgender persons and 27,700 controls. In the transgender study cohort, 1,437 were assigned male at birth (AMAB), median age (interquartile range, IQR) 26.0 (17.3) years and 1,333 were assigned female at birth (AFAB), median age 22.5 (10.3) years. Adjusting for age and sex, the relative risk ratio (RRR) of low vs high personal income was 5.6 (95% CI: 4.9; 6.3) in transgender persons compared to controls. The RRR of low vs high income was 6.9 (5.8; 8.3) in persons AMAB compared to control males and 4.7 (3.9; 5.6) in persons AFAB compared to control females. The RRR of low vs high income was 3.7 (3.2; 4.3) in transgender persons of Danish origin compared to controls. The Charlson Comorbidity Index was comparable in transgender persons vs controls. Conclusions: Being transgender was negatively associated with SES. In transgender persons, the risk of low vs high income could be more pronounced in transgender persons of foreign origin.

scholarly journals Subjective cognitive complaints and permanent work disability: a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minna Pihlajamäki ◽  
Heikki Arola ◽  
Heini Ahveninen ◽  
Jyrki Ollikainen ◽  
Mikko Korhonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Work Disability ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Cognitive Complaints ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Complaints

Abstract Purpose Work disability (WD) is a medico-legal concept that refers to disability benefits (DB) granted due to diseases. We assessed whether subjective cognitive complaints (SCC)—presenting as self-rated difficulties of concentration, memory, clear thinking, and decision making—predict permanent WD in knowledge-intensive occupations. Methods In this prospective cohort study with up to 7-year follow-up, we combined the SCC questionnaire results with reliable registry data on the DBs of 7161 professional/managerial employees (46% females). We excluded employees who were on long-term sickness absence (SA) or had received a DB at baseline. The exposure variable was the presence of SCC. Age and SA before the questionnaire as a proxy measure of general health were treated as confounders and the analyses were conducted by gender. The outcome variable was a granted DB. The cumulative incidence function illustrates the difference between SCC categories, and the Fine-Gray model estimates the predictors of WD during the 8-year follow-up. Results The annual incidence of DB was 0.15% in the entire cohort: 0.18% among the females, and 0.12% among the males (p = 0.795). The most common primary reasons for permanent WD were mental (36%) and musculoskeletal (20%) disorders. SCC predicted DB in both genders when controlling for age and prior SA. Hazard ratios were 2.9 with a 95% confidence interval 1.4–6.0 for the females and 3.7 (1.8–7.9) for the males. Conclusion Subjective cognitive complaints predict permanent WD in knowledge-intensive occupations. This finding has implications for supporting work ability and preventing work disability among employees with cognitively demanding tasks.

Natural history of helicobacter pylori infection from infancy to adulthood: A 21-year follow-up cohort study

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A128-A128 ◽  
Author(s):  
H MALATY ◽  
D GRAHAM ◽  
A ELKASABANY ◽  
S REDDY ◽  
S SRINIVASAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽  
History Of

Research Participation Experiences of Informants of Suicide and Control Cases

Crisis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. C. Wong ◽  
Wincy S. C. Chan ◽  
Philip S. L. Beh ◽  
Fiona W. S. Yau ◽  
Paul S. F. Yip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Research Participation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
The People ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Background: Ethical issues have been raised about using the psychological autopsy approach in the study of suicide. The impact on informants of control cases who participated in case-control psychological autopsy studies has not been investigated. Aims: (1) To investigate whether informants of suicide cases recruited by two approaches (coroners’ court and public mortuaries) respond differently to the initial contact by the research team. (2) To explore the reactions, reasons for participation, and comments of both the informants of suicide and control cases to psychological autopsy interviews. (3) To investigate the impact of the interviews on informants of suicide cases about a month after the interviews. Methods: A self-report questionnaire was used for the informants of both suicide and control cases. Telephone follow-up interviews were conducted with the informants of suicide cases. Results: The majority of the informants of suicide cases, regardless of the initial route of contact, as well as the control cases were positive about being approached to take part in the study. A minority of informants of suicide and control cases found the experience of talking about their family member to be more upsetting than expected. The telephone follow-up interviews showed that none of the informants of suicide cases reported being distressed by the psychological autopsy interviews. Limitations: The acceptance rate for our original psychological autopsy study was modest. Conclusions: The findings of this study are useful for future participants and researchers in measuring the potential benefits and risks of participating in similar sensitive research. Psychological autopsy interviews may be utilized as an active engagement approach to reach out to the people bereaved by suicide, especially in places where the postvention work is underdeveloped.

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