scholarly journals Digestible energy of crude glycerol for pacu and silver catfish

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1448-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Ernesto Balen ◽  
Patrick Nereu Tetu ◽  
Robie Allan Bombardelli ◽  
Paulo Cesar Pozza ◽  
Fábio Meurer
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Neotropical Fish ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Silver Catfish ◽  
Glycerol Utilization ◽  
Good Potential

The increase in global biodiesel production is originating a glycerol surplus, which has no defined destination. An alternative to overcome this problem is its use as energy source in animal feeding. In Brazil, Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) is one of the most farmed native fish species, whereas Silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) is suitable for production in subtropical region. Considering little knowledge about crude glycerol utilization in feeds for Neotropical fish species, it was evaluated the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) for energy of crude glycerol for P. mesopotamicus and R. quelen. The digestibility and digestible energy content of crude glycerol can be considered excellent even when compared to energy of common ingredients such as maize and wheat, presenting 0.97 and 0.89 of energy ADCs, and 15.2 and 13.95MJ kg-1 of digestible energy for Pacu and Silver catfish, respectively. In conclusion, crude glycerol is an energetic ingredient with good potential in Brazilian native fish diets.

scholarly journals Effect of crude glycerol on in-vitro ruminal fermentation kinetics

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Peripolli ◽  
Ênio Rosa Prates ◽  
Júlio Otávio Jardim Barcellos ◽  
Cássio André Wilbert ◽  
Cláudia Medeiros Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation

The interest in using crude glycerol in animal feeding has reemerged due to its increasing availability and favorable price resulting from the expansion of biofuel industry. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of substituting corn for crude glycerol at different levels in the diet on ruminal fermentation using in-vitro true digestibility parameters. The experimental treatments consisted of substituting corn for liquid crude glycerol (0; 4; 8 and 12%) in dry matter basis. Diets consisted of 60% alfalfa hay and 40% corn and glycerol substituted the corn in the diet. In addition to the 48 hours traditionally applied in digestibility assays, different in-vitro digestibility times were used (0; 4; 8; 16; 48, 72 and 96 hours) in order to study digestion kinetics. The dietary corn substitution for increasing crude glycerol levels did not affect ammonia nitrogen content, metabolizable energy content, in-vitro digestibility of organic matter and neutral detergent fiber, nor ruminal degradation parameters. However this by-product of biodiesel production may be tested in-vivo as an alternative energy feedstuff in ruminant diets.

scholarly journals Advancing improvement in riverine water quality caused a non-native fish species invasion and native fish fauna recovery

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Głowacki ◽  
Andrzej Kruk ◽  
Tadeusz Penczak
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Interference Competition ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Species Invasion ◽  
Prussian Carp

AbstractThe knowledge of biotic and abiotic drivers that put non-native invasive fishes at a disadvantage to native ones is necessary for suppressing invasions, but the knowledge is scarce, particularly when abiotic changes are fast. In this study, we increased this knowledge by an analysis of the biomass of most harmful Prussian carp Carassius gibelio in a river reviving from biological degradation. The species' invasion followed by the invasion's reversal occurred over only two decades and were documented by frequent monitoring of fish biomass and water quality. An initial moderate improvement in water quality was an environmental filter that enabled Prussian carp’s invasion but prevented the expansion of other species. A later substantial improvement stimulated native species’ colonization of the river, and made one rheophil, ide Leuciscus idus, a significant Prussian carp’s replacer. The redundancy analysis (RDA) of the dependence of changes in the biomass of fish species on water quality factors indicated that Prussian carp and ide responded in a significantly opposite way to changes in water quality in the river over the study period. However, the dependence of Prussian carp biomass on ide biomass, as indicated by regression analysis and analysis of species traits, suggests that the ecomorphological similarity of both species might have produced interference competition that contributed to Prussian carp’s decline.

scholarly journals Optimizing the catalytic activities of methanol and thermotolerant Kocuria flava lipases for biodiesel production from cooking oil wastes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azhar Najjar ◽  
Elhagag Ahmed Hassan ◽  
Nidal Zabermawi ◽  
Saber H. Saber ◽  
Leena H. Bajrai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Enzyme Biocatalysis ◽  
Methanol Tolerant

AbstractIn this study, two highly thermotolerant and methanol-tolerant lipase-producing bacteria were isolated from cooking oil and they exhibited a high number of catalytic lipase activities recording 18.65 ± 0.68 U/mL and 13.14 ± 0.03 U/mL, respectively. Bacterial isolates were identified according to phenotypic and genotypic 16S rRNA characterization as Kocuria flava ASU5 (MT919305) and Bacillus circulans ASU11 (MT919306). Lipases produced from Kocuria flava ASU5 showed the highest methanol tolerance, recording 98.4% relative activity as well as exhibited high thermostability and alkaline stability. Under the optimum conditions obtained from 3D plots of response surface methodology design, the Kocuria flava ASU5 biocatalyst exhibited an 83.08% yield of biodiesel at optimized reaction variables of, 60 ○C, pH value 8 and 1:2 oil/alcohol molar ratios in the reaction mixture. As well as, the obtained results showed the interactions of temperature/methanol were significant effects, whereas this was not noted in the case of temperature/pH and pH/methanol interactions. The obtained amount of biodiesel from cooking oil was 83.08%, which was analyzed by a GC/Ms profile. The produced biodiesel was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) approaches showing an absorption band at 1743 cm−1, which is recognized for its absorption in the carbonyl group (C=O) which is characteristic of ester absorption. The energy content generated from biodiesel synthesized was estimated as 12,628.5 kJ/mol. Consequently, Kocuria flava MT919305 may provide promising thermostable, methanol-tolerant lipases, which may improve the economic feasibility and biotechnology of enzyme biocatalysis in the synthesis of value-added green chemicals.

scholarly journals DIGESTIBLE ENERGY IN FORAGE BYIN VIVOANDIN VITROASSAYS

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. TROELSEN
Keyword(s):  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
Pure Species ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

Forage of six pure species was harvested for hay at several maturity stages during four years. The digestible energy content of 102 different lots of hay was determined by feeding to four groups of sheep during the same period, and by in vitro digestions and energy analysis of the undigested residues. The relationship between digestible energy content assayed by the two methods was highly significant (r = 0.85) and did not differ between years and species. Exclusion from regression of the hays containing less than 2 or more than 3 digestible kcal/g revealed that the in vitro assay could reproduce the in vivo digestible energy value with a standard deviation of 0.31 in over 70% of the hays. This represented the maturity and quality range of forage commonly fed to cattle and sheep. The in vitro assay therefore appeared promising for commercial quality determinations.

scholarly journals Waste Conversion into a Sweetener—Development of an Innovative Strategy for Erythritol Production by Yarrowia lipolytica

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7122
Author(s):  
Ludwika Tomaszewska-Hetman ◽  
Waldemar Rymowicz ◽  
Anita Rywińska
Keyword(s):  
Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Culture Broth ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Innovative Strategy ◽  
Simple Medium ◽  
Low Cost Strategy ◽  
Steep Liquor

The study proposed the innovative low-cost strategy for erythritol production by Yarrowia lipolytica through developing a simple medium based on industrial waste by-products and a natural method for culture broth purification. Results obtained proved that corn steep liquor might successfully replace traditional sources of nitrogen and other nutrients without compromising activities of the enzymes responsible for erythritol production and its production level. As a consequence, a production process was performed where Y. lipolytica A-6 was able to produce 108.0 g/L of erythritol, with a production rate of 1.04 g/Lh and a yield of 0.45 g/g of the medium containing exclusively 220 g/L of crude glycerol derived from biodiesel production and 40 g/L of corn steep liquor. Moreover, a comparable concentration of erythritol (108.1 g/L) was obtained when a part of crude glycerol was exchanged for the crude fraction of fatty acids in the two-steps process. Next, the collected post-fermentation broths were used in the culture with Y. lipolytica Wratislavia K1 for natural purification. The process resulted in a high increase of erythritol selectivity from 72% to 97% and in the production of 22.0 g/L of biomass with 40.4% protein content, which enables its use as an attractive animal feedstuff.

scholarly journals The effect of the nitrogen source type on the growth and consumption of crude glycerol by Streptomyces hygroscopicus CH-7

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Slavica Ilić ◽  
Jovan Ćirić ◽  
Gordana Gojgić-Cvijović
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Streptomyces Hygroscopicus ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Source Type ◽  
Glycerol Consumption

In this paper we studied the effect of different amino acids (arginine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine) as nitrogen sources on the growth of actinomycete Streptomyces hygroscopicus CH-7 and the consumption of crude glycerol, obtained as a by-product in the biodiesel production from sunflower oil. The highest biomass concentration (9.5 g/L) was achieved using the basic medium and the medium with tryptophan (9.2 g/L), while the crude glycerol consumption was the highest in the basic medium (5.9 mg/mL) and the medium with phenylalanine (3.3 mg/mL).

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