Effect of crude glycerol on in-vitro ruminal fermentation kinetics

The interest in using crude glycerol in animal feeding has reemerged due to its increasing availability and favorable price resulting from the expansion of biofuel industry. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of substituting corn for crude glycerol at different levels in the diet on ruminal fermentation using in-vitro true digestibility parameters. The experimental treatments consisted of substituting corn for liquid crude glycerol (0; 4; 8 and 12%) in dry matter basis. Diets consisted of 60% alfalfa hay and 40% corn and glycerol substituted the corn in the diet. In addition to the 48 hours traditionally applied in digestibility assays, different in-vitro digestibility times were used (0; 4; 8; 16; 48, 72 and 96 hours) in order to study digestion kinetics. The dietary corn substitution for increasing crude glycerol levels did not affect ammonia nitrogen content, metabolizable energy content, in-vitro digestibility of organic matter and neutral detergent fiber, nor ruminal degradation parameters. However this by-product of biodiesel production may be tested in-vivo as an alternative energy feedstuff in ruminant diets.

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Potential of Recycling Cauliflower and Romanesco Wastes in Ruminant Feeding: In Vitro Studies

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10081247 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1247 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Trinidad de Evan ◽

Andrea Vintimilla ◽

Eduarda Molina-Alcaide ◽

María Ranilla ◽

María Carro

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Energy Content ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Ch4 Production ◽

Intestinal Digestibility

The nutritive values for ruminants of cauliflower (CAU) and Romanesco (ROM) wastes (leaves, stems and sprouts) were assessed by analyzing their chemical composition, in vitro ruminal fermentation, and in vitro intestinal digestibility. In addition, the in vitro ruminal fermentation of diets containing increasing amounts of CAU was studied. The dry matter (DM) content of leaves, stems and sprouts of both vegetables was lower than 10%, but they contained high crude protein (CP; 19.9 to 33.0%) and sugar (16.3 to 28.7%) levels, and low neutral detergent fiber (21.6 to 32.3%). Stems and sprouts were more rapidly and extensively fermented in the rumen than leaves, but there were only minor differences the fermentation profiles of both vegetables. The estimated metabolizable energy content ranged from 9.3 (leaves) to 10.8 (sprouts) MJ/kg DM. The CP rumen degradability (12-h in situ incubations) was greater than 80.0% for all fractions, and the in vitro intestinal digestibility of CP ranged from 85.7 to 93.2%. The inclusion of up to 24% of dried CAU in the concentrate of a mixed diet (40:60 alfalfa hay:concentrate) increased the in vitro rumen fermentation of the CAU diet, but did not affect methane (CH4) production, indicating the lack of antimethanogenic compounds in CAU.

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Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of some selected under-utilized tropical seeds as protein sources in ruminants’ diet

Bulletin of the National Research Centre ◽

10.1186/s42269-020-00430-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Oluwatosin Bode Omotoso ◽

Mary Oluwafunmilayo Adeduntan ◽

Adebowale Noah Fajemisin

Keyword(s):

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Protein Sources ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Supplementary Feed ◽

Monodora Myristica

Abstract Background The study highlighted the potential of three common and under-utilized tropical leguminous seeds (Tomentosa nilotica, Dioclea reflexa and Monodora myristica) to be used as supplementary feed to ruminant livestock. These seeds (their plants inclusive) are valuable sources of food and medicine for the prevention of illness and maintenance of human health. The medicinal properties of these seeds include antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and immuno-stimulant. Trypsin inhibitors, which are common anti-nutritional factors in legumes and for monogastric animals, do not exert adverse effects in ruminants because they are degraded in the rumen. Hence, the crux of this study is to examine the effect of processing methods on the nutritional composition (proximate, fibre fractions, minerals, anti-nutrients) and in vitro digestibility of Tomentosa nilotica, Dioclea reflexa and Monodora myristica seeds and their suitability as feedstuff (protein sources) in small ruminant feed, particularly during off-season. Results From the results, raw Tomentosa nilotica and Monodora myristica have the highest crude protein (30.35% CP) and fat (22.40% EE), respectively. It is noteworthy that roasting best improve the mineral and significantly reduce the anti-nutrients observed in this study better compared to boiling and soaking methods. The highest organic matter digestibility, short-chain fatty acids, metabolizable energy and in vitro dry matter digestibility values were obtained in Dioclea reflexa compared to other test seeds. Roasting best improved the nutritive values, while Dioclea reflexa seed was rated highest for all the nutritional attributes and in vitro digestibility. Conclusions Dioclea reflexa could be incorporated in ruminants’ diet as protein source, particularly during the off-season, for improved ruminant production in Nigeria. However, in vivo study is therefore recommended to validate this report.

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Determination of the yield characteristics and in vitro digestibility of barley forage harvested in different vegetation periods

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.9365 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Mehtap Guney ◽

Cagri Kale ◽

Duran Bolat ◽

Suphi Deniz

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Energy Content ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Mature Stage ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Net Energy ◽

Seed Formation

This study planned to determine the differences among nutrient composition, in vitro digestibility, energy content, digestible dry matter and organic matter yields of barley forage harvested at three different stages of maturity. Each vegetation period (heading stage, seed formation stage and mature stage) was randomly assigned to 5 replication from 1 square meter area and fifteen samples were harvested in total. DM, ADF (p<0.001), and NDF (p<0.05) contents were different in each stages of barley forage. In vitro dry matter (IVDMD), organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), metabolizable energy (ME), and net energy for lactation (NEL) values of samples were determined to be lower than the other two stages at the mature stage (p<0.05). Yield parameters of barley were significantly affected by vegetation period (p<0.001). It can be concluded that all three vegetation period had significantly higher digestibility. Digestible DM, OM and energy yields were higher when harvested at the mature stage of vegetation.

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Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of whole-crop maize fertilized with synthetic fertilizer or digestate and harvested at two maturity stages in Boreal growing conditions

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.60068 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 47 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Mahmoud F. Seleiman ◽

Shaimaa Selim ◽

Seija Jaakkola ◽

Pirjo S.A. Mäkelä

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Soluble Carbohydrate ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Maturity Stages ◽

Synthetic Fertilizer

Maize cultivation for silage could be a sustainable option in Boreal conditions, especially when combined with nutrient recycling. Effects of digestate (sludge from biogas of domestic origin) application in comparison with synthetic fertilizer and two maturity stages on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of whole-crop maize were investigated. Starch, neutral detergent fiber, water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and digestible organic matter (DOM) contents of maize did not differ in response to the two fertilizer treatments. However, starch, DOM and metabolizable energy of maize increased, while ash, crude protein and WSC contents decreased with increasing maize maturity. Heavy metals in maize fertilized with digestate remained low. The results indicate that whole-crop maize fertilized with digestate and harvested at 150 days after sowing is a promising feed and has good nutritive value, even in Boreal conditions.

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Manipulation of In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Feed Digestibility as Influenced by Yeast Waste-Treated Cassava Pulp Substitute Soybean Meal and Different Roughage to Concentrate Ratio

Fermentation ◽

10.3390/fermentation7030196 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 196

Author(s):

Gamonmas Dagaew ◽

Anusorn Cherdthong ◽

Sawitree Wongtangtintharn ◽

Metha Wanapat ◽

Chanon Suntara

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Bacterial Population ◽

Gas Production ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Cassava Pulp ◽

Feed Digestibility

Cassava pulp (CS) is high in fiber and low in protein; hence, improving the nutritive value of CS is required to increase its contribution to enhancing ruminant production. The present work hypothesized that CS quality could be enhanced by fermentation with yeast waste (YW), which can be used to replace soybean meal (SBM), as well as lead to improved feed utilization in ruminants. Thus, evaluation of in vitro ruminal fermentation and feed digestibility, as influenced by YW-treated CS and different roughage (R) to concentrate (C) ratios, was elucidated. The design of the experiment was a 5 × 3 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. Each treatment contained three replications and three runs. The first factor was replacing SBM with CS fermented with YW (CSYW) in a concentrate ratio at 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100, respectively. The second factor was R:C ratios at 70:30, 50:50, and 30:70. The level of CSYW showed significantly higher (p < 0.01) gas production from the insoluble fraction (b), potential extent of gas production (a + b), and cumulative gas production at 96 h than the control group (p < 0.05). There were no interactions among the CSYW and R:C ratio on the in vitro digestibility (p > 0.05). Furthermore, increasing the amount of CSYW to replace SBM up to 75% had no negative effect on in vitro neutral detergent fiber degradability (IVNDFD) (p > 0.05) while replacing CSWY at 100% could reduce IVNDFD (p > 0.05). The bacterial population in the rumen was reduced by 25.05% when CSYW completely replaced SBM (p < 0.05); however, 75% of CSWY in the diet did not change the bacterial population (p > 0.05). The concentration of propionate (C3) decreased upon an increase in the CSYW level, which was lowest with the replacement of SBM by CSYW up to 75%. However, various R:C ratios did not influence total volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and the proportion of VFAs (p > 0.05), except the concentration of C3, increased when the proportion of a concentrate diet increased (p < 0.05). In conclusion, CSYW could be utilized as a partial replacement for SBM in concentrate diets up to 75% without affecting gas kinetics, ruminal parameters, or in vitro digestibility.

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Evaluation of Brassica Vegetables as Potential Feed for Ruminants

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9090588 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 588 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Trinidad de Evan ◽

Andrea Vintimilla ◽

Carlos N. Marcos ◽

María José Ranilla ◽

María Dolores Carro

Keyword(s):

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Dairy Sheep ◽

Brussels Sprouts ◽

Brassica Vegetables ◽

Intestinal Digestibility

The objective of this study was to analyze the chemical composition, in vitro ruminal fermentation, and intestinal digestibility of discarded samples of four Brassica vegetables: Brussels sprouts (BS), white cabbage, Savoy cabbage, and red cabbage, and to assess the effects of including increasing amounts of BS in the concentrate of a dairy sheep diet on in vitro fermentation, CH4 production, and in situ degradation of the diets. All cabbages had low dry matter content (DM; <16.5%), but their DM had high crude protein (19.5–24.8%) and sugars (27.2–41.4%) content and low neutral detergent fiber (17.5–28%) and was rapidly and extensively fermented in the rumen. Rumen degradability of protein at 12 h of in situ incubation was greater than 91.5% for all cabbages, and in vitro intestinal digestibility of protein ranged from 61.4 to 90.2%. Replacing barley, corn, and soybean meal by 24% of dried BS in the concentrate of a diet for dairy sheep (40:60 alfalfa hay:concentrate) increased in vitro diet fermentation and in situ degradability of DM and protein, and reduced in vitro CH4/total volatile fatty acid ratio. In vivo trials are necessary to confirm these results.

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The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedingstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600086305 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 93 (1) ◽

pp. 217-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 773

Author(s):

K. H. Menke ◽

L. Raab ◽

A. Salewski ◽

H. Steingass ◽

D. Fritz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Energy Content ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Gas Production ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Maize Starch ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Crude Fibre Content

SUMMARYA rapid method for measuring gas production during incubation of feedingstuffs with rumen liquor in vitro is described. Gas production in 24 h from 200 mg feed dry matter was well correlated with digestibility of organic matter, determined in vivo with sheep. Multiple regression analysis, when it included data from proximate analysis, resulted in an equation (R = 0·98) for prediction of metabolizable energy content, based on 30 experiments with rations varying in protein and crude fibre content, and 59 other experiments with concentrates. Energy content was in the range of 7·7–13·2 MJ ME/kg D.M. (± S.D. = 11·17 ± 1·08). The residual standard deviation of the equation was 0·25 MJ. Gas production was measured in calibrated syringes. The only chemical determinations needed are dry matter, protein and fat. Differences in activity between batches of rumen liquor are corrected by reference to gas production with standard feedingstuffs (hay meal and maize starch).

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Digestibility, rumen kinetics, and blood metabolites in lambs fed Samanea saman and Cordia dentata

Biotecnoloía en el Sector Agropecuario y Agroindustrial ◽

10.18684/bsaa.v.n.2022.1839 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 113-123

Author(s):

Fabian Andres Gutierrez-Oviedo ◽

Jairo Pardo Guzmán ◽

Román Castañeda Serrano

Keyword(s):

Latin Square ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Dry Forest ◽

Blood Metabolites ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Tree Leaves ◽

Sheep Production ◽

Samanea Saman

Colombian sheep production is carried out in extensive pastures with a low percentage of protein and high fiber levels that lead to low weight gains. The aim of this study was to evaluate intake, digestibility, rumen kinetics, and blood metabolites in hair lambs fed Samanea saman and Cordia dentata. Twelve hair lambs were distributed in an experimental 4x4 Latin square design, with four treatments and four experimental periods. Treatments were T1:100 % Dichanthium spp hay, T2: 80 % Dichanthium spp hay, 20 % S. saman, T3: 80 % Dichanthium spp hay, 20 % C. dentata, T4: 80 % Dichanthium spp hay, 10 % S. saman, and 10 % C. dentata. The highest nutrients intakes were obtained with diets containing tree foliage compared with the T1 diet (p< 0,05). In vivo and In vitro digestibility of DM, OM and, NDF of tree leaves diets showed higher values than the T1 diet (p<0,05). Digestible and metabolizable energy were similar between tree leaves diets (p<0,05). Blood urea nitrogen values were superior for animals fed the T2 diet (p<0,05). Degradability values at 96 hours were higher for the T2 diet (p<0,05). Potential degradability was superior for the T3 diet. The results of this study demonstrate that S. saman and C. dentata leaves improve nutrients intake and digestibility. Therefore, they can be an alternative for sheep in the tropical dry forest.

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CRAMBE CAKE (Crambe abyssinica hochst) ON LAMB DIETS

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/s1413-70542015000100009 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 75-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Érika Breda Canova ◽

Mauro Sartori Bueno ◽

Heverton Luis Moreira ◽

Rosana Possenti ◽

Patrícia Brás

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Substitution Effect ◽

Gas Production ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Crambe Abyssinica ◽

Meal Protein

The use of alternative feedstuffs in animal diet, such as residues derived from the biodiesel production aims to increase productivity and reduce costs in animal production. Them aim of this study was to evaluate the substitution effect of 0, 22, 44 and 64% of soybean meal protein by Crambe cake (Crambe abyssinica Hochst) protein in lamb diet. In the in vivo experiment, 20 lambs were used and evaluated the apparent digestibility, nitrogen balance and voluntary DM intake. The replacement of the protein resulted in a linear decrease in apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), gross energy (GE), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), cellulose (CEL) and the percentage of total digestible nutrients (TDN), which resulted in decreased daily DM intake. The blood level of urea, glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were not affected. In vitro gas production technique (GP) evaluation of diets showed a significantly decrease (P<0.05) of the total gas and methane production without altering the true degradability of DM and OM and the partition factor (PF). Replacement of soybean meal protein by the Crambe cake protein decreased digestibility of the fiber fraction of the diet, the voluntary intake of DM and methane, without altering rumen fermentation. Crambe cake can be utilized as lamb's food, because, despite reduced intake, assure a large energy intake and similarity to soybean meal protein.

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Prediction of the metabolisable energy content of whole crop wheat from chemical composition, in vitro digestibility and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200596458 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 1997 ◽

pp. 204-204

Author(s):

A T Adesogan ◽

D I Givens ◽

E Owen

Keyword(s):

Near Infrared ◽

Energy Content ◽

Public Attitudes ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Near Infrared Reflectance ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Metabolisable Energy ◽

Evaluation Techniques

Public attitudes and expense encourage the replacement of in vivo forage evaluation techniques with non-invasive, laboratory-based techniques. This study assessed the accuracy of predicting the metabolisable energy (ME) content of whole crop wheat (WCW) from less animal-dependent techniques.

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