scholarly journals Vegetative rescue of Cedrela fissilis Vell. by the rooting of cuttings from epicormic and canopy sprouts

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezário Ferreira dos Santos Junior ◽  
Tássio Dresch Rech ◽  
Marcio Carlos Navroski ◽  
Pedro Boff ◽  
Mari Inês Carissimi Boff
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Stem Cutting ◽  
Propagation Process ◽  
Rooting Of Cuttings ◽  
Great Genetic Diversity ◽  
Epicormic Sprouts

ABSTRACT: Cedrela fissilis is a species of great genetic diversity, with low population density and seminal propagation, which causes difficulties in the vegetative propagation process. This research evaluated the vegetative rescue and propagation of stem cutting rooting originated from epicormic and canopy sprouts of C. fissilis. For this, the induction of epicormic sprouts was evaluated 52 days after the complete girdling and semi-girdling 20 and 40 cm from the ground, and no girdling treatment, during spring (2018), summer (2018) and autumn (2019). The variables evaluated were, survival (%), sprouting (%), number, length (cm) and diameter (mm) of sprouts. The cuttings were made from spring epicormic sprouts, divided in two categories: 10 cm cuttings placed vertically in pits and 5 cm cuttings placed horizontally in furrows. The canopy sprouts were collected in the summer, then cut in apical and intermediate cuttings (15 cm). After 60 days, the cuttings were evaluated in survival (%), rooting (%), callus (%), average number and length of roots (cm). Results showed that only the complete girdling produced sprouts (average >67%) with no difference between 20 and 40 cm heights, with a greater number of sprouts during spring. The cuttings from epicormic sprouts, planted vertically in pits presented higher percentage of rooting (44%) than cuttings planted horizontally in furrows (17%). Cuttings from the canopy had inconsiderable rooting (apical - 2%; intermediate - 0%). The girdling periods influences the number of epicormic sprouts and its use for cutting was more efficient in rooting.

A Vegetative Propagation System for Tamarack

1986 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Farmer ◽  
Heather A. Foster ◽  
Olenka Bakowsky ◽  
Brian MacDonald ◽  
Gwenoth O'Reilly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Normal Shoot ◽  
Rooting Of Cuttings ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
North Western

Abstract Greenwood cuttings from greenhouse-produced tamarack seedlings and 3- to 10-year-old tamarack wildlings transplanted from natural stands in north-western Ontario were rooted under mist in peat-vermiculite. Eighty-five percent of cuttings from seedlings rooted; treatment with indolebutyric acid increased number of roots per cutting, but not rooting percent. At 6 weeks after planting, rooting of cuttings from wildlings averaged 66%, and at 12 weeks, 91%. Twelve-week rooting percent of cuttings from individual ortets ranged from 12 to 100, but cuttings from the majority of ortets exhibited 100% rooting. Nearly all rooted cuttings survived overwintering outdoors and initiated normal shoot growth after forcing in mid-winter. The described propagation system is recommended for production of container stock for tamarack plantations. North. J. Appl. For. 3:91-93, Sept. 1986.

scholarly journals Improved method for vegetative propagation of mature Pinus halepensis and its hybrids by cuttings

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Joseph Riov ◽  
Hagar Fox ◽  
Rotem Attias ◽  
Galina Shklar ◽  
Lilach Farkash-Haim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Rooting Of Cuttings ◽  
Improvement Programs

Forest trees possess high genetic diversity and high heterozygosity which allow adaptation to changing environmental conditions. There is a tendency to propagate successful and unique genotypes, which are identified at their mature stage in the forests, for future improvement programs and conservation purposes. However, vegetative propagation of mature forest trees is still a challenge in many conifers. In this study, we focused on improving the rooting of cuttings of mature and old Pinus halepensis and its hybrids. We observed that storage of cuttings before rooting at 4°C for 4 weeks and prolong immersion of cuttings in a solution containing 400 mg/l of indole-3-butyric acid, 5 mg/l of the auxin conjugate 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propanoic acid-glycine methyl ester, and 0.01% of Amistar fungicide significantly improved rooting of mature cuttings. The active ingredient in Amistar is azoxystrobin, an uncoupler of respiration, which seems to directly promote rooting. Rooted cuttings of selected clones demonstrated unique and uniform growth performance, most likely delivering the intrinsic growth parameters of the mother trees. It was also observed that trees growing under drought stress possess improved rooting ability. By using rooted cuttings, it will be possible to study the relationship between growth rate and adaptation to semi-arid climate conditions. The ability to clonal propagate mature and old P. halepensis trees not only enables vegetative propagation of elite trees for improvement programs, but also provides an opportunity to preserve unique naturally occurring old P. halepensis genotypes.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Ecological Success of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Colonizing Humans

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Sakwinska ◽  
Gerrit Kuhn ◽  
Carlo Balmelli ◽  
Patrick Francioli ◽  
Marlyse Giddey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
Typing Methods ◽  
Great Genetic Diversity

ABSTRACT The genetic determinants and phenotypic traits which make a Staphylococcus aureus strain a successful colonizer are largely unknown. The genetic diversity and population structure of 133 S. aureus isolates from healthy, generally risk-free adult carriers were investigated using four different typing methods: multilocus sequence typing (MLST), amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis (AFLP), double-locus sequence typing (DLST), and spa typing were compared. Carriage isolates displayed great genetic diversity which could only be revealed fully by DLST. Results of AFLP and MLST were highly concordant in the delineation of genotypic clusters of closely related isolates, roughly equivalent to clonal complexes. spa typing and DLST provided considerably less phylogenetic information. The resolution of spa typing was similar to that of AFLP and inferior to that of DLST. AFLP proved to be the most universal method, combining a phylogeny-building capacity similar to that of MLST with a much higher resolution. However, it had a lower reproducibility than sequencing-based MLST, DLST, and spa typing. We found two cases of methicillin-resistant S. aureus colonization, both of which were most likely associated with employment at a health service. Of 21 genotypic clusters detected, 2 were most prevalent: cluster 45 and cluster 30 each colonized 24% of the carrier population. The number of bacteria found in nasal samples varied significantly among the clusters, but the most prevalent clusters were not particularly numerous in the nasal samples. We did not find much evidence that genotypic clusters were associated with different carrier characteristics, such as age, sex, medical conditions, or antibiotic use. This may provide empirical support for the idea that genetic clusters in bacteria are maintained in the absence of adaptation to different niches. Alternatively, carrier characteristics other than those evaluated here or factors other than human hosts may exert selective pressure maintaining genotypic clusters.

scholarly journals Effects of indolebutyric acid, stem cutting positions and substrates on the vegetative propagation of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-211
Author(s):  
Guilherme Bortoloso Pigatto ◽  
Erik Nunes Gomes ◽  
Jéssica de Cássia Tomasi ◽  
Aurea Portes Ferriani ◽  
Cícero Deschamps
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Stem Cutting ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Para Determinar

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni es una especie de alta importancia económica debido a la producción de edulcorantes naturales con bajo valor calórico. La producción de semillas de esta especie es irregular y las técnicas de micropropagación aumentan el costo de la producción de plántulas. Por lo tanto, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo optimizar la propagación vegetativa de un genotipo brasileño de esta especie a través de estacas de tallo. El material vegetal se recogió de plantas maduras con 1 año de edad. Se realizaron dos experimentos para determinar la mejor concentración de ácido indolbutírico (IBA) para mejorar el enraizamiento y evaluar la interacción entre la posición de corte del tallo (apical, mediana y basal) y sustratos (Tropstrato HT®, vermiculita y mezcla de vermiculita y Tropstrato HT®). Las estacas de tallos se vieron afectadas por las concentraciones de IBA. Se recomienda la aplicación de 710 mg L-1 de IBA para mayores porcentajes de enraizamiento. Las estacas de tallos de la región apical de las plantas mostraron mayor porcentaje de enraizamiento que las medianas y basales (medias de 70, 45,8 y 7,5%, respectivamente). Se observaron resultados similares para el número, longitud y masa de raíz fresca y seca. El sustrato Tropstrato HT® promovió mayores porcentajes de enraizamiento de las estacas de tallo y menor mortalidad en comparación con la vermiculita.

scholarly journals Eucalypts for Tropical Rainforest (Af) climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-183
Author(s):  
Arno Brune
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Equatorial Region ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
The World ◽  
Soil Depletion ◽  
Tropical Monsoon ◽  
Leaf Blights

Abstract The equatorial region of the world includes areas of Tropical Rainforest (Af) and Tropical Monsoon (Am) climate zones, which are distinguished by high temperatures and high rainfall, but soils which are often deficient. Potential productivity of plantation forestry in this area is high, and so are the pest and disease dangers which threaten it. This paper describes the Eucalyptus and Corymbia species which are adapted to this situation and also resistant to the main diseases like leaf blights. Based on the highly adapted E. biterranea and E. deglupta and several more, hybridization combined with vegetative propagation is discussed as an excellent alternative to obtain quick gains in short rotations while maintaining wide genetic diversity in such plantations. Management remedies are given for the possible backlash of quick soil depletion.

Prevalence and Characterization of Campylobacter jejuni Isolated from Retail Chicken in Tianjin, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 1032-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Ma ◽  
Yulan Su ◽  
Luyao Ma ◽  
Lina Ma ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Central Cities ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Great Genetic Diversity

ABSTRACT Campylobacter jejuni is an important foodborne pathogen worldwide; however, there is a lack of information on the prevalence and antibiotic-resistant profile of C. jejuni in the People's Republic of China. We determined the prevalence and characteristics of C. jejuni on the retail level in Tianjin, one of the five national central cities in China. A total of 227 samples of chicken wings, legs, and breasts were collected from supermarkets and wet markets; 42 of these samples were confirmed to be positive for Campylobacter contamination. The contamination rates of C. jejuni and other Campylobacter species were 13.7% (31 of 227 samples) and 5.7% (13 of 227 samples), respectively. A group of 31 C. jejuni isolates was subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. All (100%) the selected isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid; 77.4% were resistant to tetracycline, 67.7% to doxycycline, 35.5% to gentamicin, 25.8% to clindamycin and florfenicol, 19.4% to chloramphenicol, and 12.9% to erythromycin and azithromycin. A remarkably high proportion (41.9%) of multidrug-resistant isolates was identified. Multilocus sequence typing was conducted to study the population structure of the C. jejuni strains and their relationship to human isolates. The correlation between antimicrobial resistance traits and certain sequence types (STs) or clonal complexes was determined as well. A great genetic diversity of poultry isolates was identified, with 11 STs belonging to 6 clonal complexes and 11 singleton STs. The novel STs accounted for 40.9% (n = 9) of the 22 STs. ST-21, ST-353, ST-354, ST-443, ST-607, and ST-828 complexes had been previously identified from human isolates. This study revealed an extensive level of antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity in C. jejuni isolated from chicken products in Tianjin, highlighting the necessity of performing enforced interventions to reduce Campylobacter prevalence in China.

Genetic diversity among geographically separated populations of Nepenthes mirabilis

Biologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunrat Chaveerach ◽  
Alongkod Tanomtong ◽  
Runglawan Sudmoon ◽  
Tawatchai Tanee
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Total Genetic Diversity ◽  
Environmental Variations ◽  
Diversity Profile ◽  
Great Genetic Diversity

AbstractThe distribution of Nepenthes mirabilis ranges from Northeast (NE) to South (S) Thailand. Eleven individuals from NE, S and Suen Jatujak market in Bangkok, Central (C) Thailand, were collected and divided into four populations according to their geographical areas. These four populations were analyzed to determine a genetic diversity profile using thirteen inter-simple sequence repeat markers. The individuals produced 75.18% polymorphic banding profiles. The Shannon’s index was used to estimate genetic diversity. Total genetic diversity (H T) and inter-population genetic diversity (H S) were 0.854 and 0.678, respectively. The degree of genetic differentiation (G ST) of the species populations is 0.206, whereas the gene flow (Nm) among all the various geographical area populations is 1.016. Both the dendrogram and the results of the Shannon’s diversity index suggest great genetic diversity. These results support the broad range of distribution sites of Nepenthes mirabilis, which would require high genetic diversity to adapt to the environmental variations that can be found between NE, C, and S Thailand. ANOVA shows that the genetic diversity in each population is not significantly different (P > 0.05). Mantel tests reveal that geographical distance is an important factor for affecting the genetic distances among populations.

scholarly journals Phenotyping the Genetic Diversity of Wild Agave Species that Coexist in the Same Spatial Region

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 640-648
Author(s):  
Elí Secundino PORRAS-RAMÍREZ ◽  
Yazmín SOSA-MARCOS ◽  
Felipe PALMA-CRUZ ◽  
Aroldo CISNEROS
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
Main Cluster ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Agave Potatorum ◽  
Great Genetic Diversity

Phenotypic characteristics are important to identify species and provide valuable information for the uses in plant breeding. The aim of this study was to characterize through morphological traits the genetic diversity of the Agave genus under wild and semi-wild culture conditions in Maguey Largo region in Oaxaca, Mexico. Through field trips, eleven morphological characteristics of the Agave species were recorded. Principal component analysis (PCA), phylogenetic trees, and correlation analyses, were performed. Seven wild species were identified: Agave potatorum Zucc., A. seemanniana, A. nussaviorum subsp. nussaviorum, A. angustifolia Haw., A. marmorata Roezl., A. karwinskii Zucc. and A. americana var. Americana. Also, a semi-wild unclassified specie Agave sp. was found. The values of the first four principal components in the PCA explain more than 89% of the total morphological variance. The dendrogram of the agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) shown a high similarity between the species and divide them in two main cluster with one unassociated specie (A. karwinskii Miahuatlán shape). Following the different analyses done, we observed a very close relationship between A. potatorum and A. nussaviorum, and dissociated from A. seemanniana, which are belonging to the “Tobala” complex and never described before. The results obtained in this work suggest a great genetic diversity expressed in a wide morphological variety of agaves in Oaxaca; which can be used in futures molecular studies.

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