scholarly journals Characterization of bentonite clays from Cubati, Paraíba (Northeast of Brazil)

Cerâmica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (363) ◽  
pp. 272-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. I. R. de Oliveira ◽  
M. C. G. Rocha ◽  
A. L. N. da Silva ◽  
L. C. Bertolino
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
South American ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Granulometric Analysis ◽  
Bentonite Clays

Abstract Clays of different composition have been used in the development of polymer nanocomposites. The utilization of bentonite clays of the State of Paraíba, Brazil, has been emphasized mainly due to their availability. However, these bentonite deposits are becoming exhausted after several years of exploitation. Thus, the aim of this work was to characterize bentonite clays recently discovered in the municipality of Cubati, Paraíba. The samples underwent a particle size classification step and were characterized by granulometric analysis by laser diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and cation exchange capacity. The results of particle size distribution showed that the clay samples have similar physical characteristics to bentonite clays of Boa Vista, Paraíba. Results of X-ray diffraction indicated that the mineralogical composition of the samples consisted of montmorillonite, kaolinite and quartz. The characterization of the samples by FTIR confirmed these results. Results of chemical analysis showed that the samples are polycationic bentonite clays and have predominantly different exchangeable cations similar to those seen in South American bentonites.

Purification of Bentonite Clays from Cubati, PB, Brazil, for Diversified Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 805 ◽  
pp. 486-491
Author(s):  
J.M.R. Figueirêdo ◽  
Juliana Melo Cartaxo ◽  
I.A. Silva ◽  
C.D. Silva ◽  
Gelmires Araújo Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Laser Diffraction ◽  
The State ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Granulometric Analysis ◽  
Bentonite Clays

The State of Paraíba, Brazil, retains about 88.5% of all Brazilian bentonite, and much of this production comes from deposits in the District of Boa Vista, PB. Nevertheless, the deposits are almost depleted. Recently, new deposits were found, which will increases the reserves of the State, in the regions of Cubati and Pedra Lavrada, PB. The objective of this work is to characterize and develop purified clays, through sieving and hydrocycloning techniques, from those recently discovered bentonites for several applications. The characterization of the sample was done through granulometric analysis by laser diffraction, X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis by X-ray fluorescence, and thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis. The results show that the samples are typical of bentonite clays, and that the purification solely by hydrocyclone presents the best results.

Study of the Characterization of Smectitic Clays from a Town in the State of Paraíba

2015 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
I.A. Silva ◽  
I.D.S. Pereira ◽  
W.S. Cavalcanti ◽  
F.K.A. Sousa ◽  
Gelmires Araújo Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Area ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
The State ◽  
Chemical Behavior ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Technological Improvements ◽  
The Town

The State of Paraíba has gained prominence in the production of raw bentonite in Brazil, where a new deposit has been found in the town of Sossego-PB, besides the deposit in the town of Boa Vista-PB. With the raise in the demand, the traditional reserves are depleting after several years of exploration, and this fact may result in a higher dependence on imported clays, thus existing a great interest in the discovery and characterization of new deposits, also guaranteeing technological improvements for the region. So, the objective of this work is to characterize the new deposits of the State of Paraíba, aiming at analyzing the characteristics the prove their classification as smectitic clays. The characterization was made through the analysis of chemical composition by X-ray fluorescence (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and thermal differential analyses (TG and DTA), cation-exchange capacity (CEC) and specific area (SA). The results prove that the studied samples presented, in their mineralogical composition, smectite, kaolinite and quartz, besides thermal and chemical behavior typical smectitic clays.

Purification of Bentonite Clays from the District of Cubati, PB, for Obtainment of Organoclays for Use in Drilling Fluids

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1444-1450
Author(s):  
J.M.R. de Figueirêdo ◽  
Carla Dantas da Silva ◽  
Isabelle Albuquerque da Silva ◽  
Heber Sivini Ferreira ◽  
Gelmires Araújo Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
The State ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Granulometric Analysis ◽  
Dta Analysis ◽  
Bentonite Clays

The main deposits of bentonite clays are located in the district of Boa Vista, in the State of Paraiba, Brazil. The random exploration of these deposits for many years is causing the clays to be depleted, and this will turn into a serious problem to the national petroleum industry. So, this work aims to study the characterization of new deposits of bentonite clays in the district of Cubati, in the State of Paraiba, Brazil, with the objective of developing purified organoclays, using a hydrocyclone, from ionic and non-ionic surfactants for use in drilling fluids. The characterization of the studied clay samples was done by applying the following techniques: granulometric analysis by laser diffraction (GA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and chemical analysis by X-ray fluorescence (EDX) and thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric (DTA) analysis. The characterization is typical of bentonites and the dispersions present rheological properties which meet Petrobras’ specifications for diesel oil media, organofilized with Praepagen WB.

Effect of Process on the Dielectric Properties of BaTiO3-Based X9R Ceramics

2014 ◽  
Vol 906 ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao Lin Zhang ◽  
Bin Bin Zhang ◽  
Ning Ning Wang ◽  
Jing Ming Fei
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sintered Ceramic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer

The effect of milling time and sintering process on the dielectric properties of BaTiO3-based X9R ceramics was investigated. The characterization of the raw powders and the sintered ceramic was carried out by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The particle size distribution of the mixed powders was examined by Laser Particle Size Analyzer. The results shown that with the milling time extended, the Cruie Peak was depressed, or even disappeared. Moreover, with the rise of sintering temperature, the dielectric constant of the ceramics increased and the dielectric loss decreased gradually. Eventually, by milling for 11h and sintering at 1090°Cfor 2h, good dielectric properties were obtained, which were ε25°C≥ 2526, εr/εr25°C≤± 12% (–55~200°C), tanδ≤1.12% (25°C).

scholarly journals Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Muntingia Calabura L. Leaf Extract as Bioreductor and Applied as Glucose Nanosensor

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 3088-3094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Wahid Wahab ◽  
Abdul Karim ◽  
Nursiah La Nafie ◽  
Nurafni Nurafni ◽  
I. Wayan Sutapa
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Structure Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Muntingia Calabura

Silver nanoparticles have been synthesized by reduction method using extract of Muntingia calabura L. leaf a bioreductor. The process of silver nanoparticles formation was monitored by UV-Vis method. The results showed that the absorbance values increased according to the increase of reaction time. Maximum absorption of silver nanoparticle was obtained at a wavelength of 41-421 nm. The size of silver nanoparticles was determined using a PSA (Particle Size Analyzer) with a particle size distribution of 97.04 nm. The functional groups compound that contribute in the synthesis was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Morphology of the silver nanoparticles was observed by an Scanning Electron Microscope instrument and the structure characterization of the compounds were analyzed using X-Ray Diffraction. The glucose nanosensor based on silver nanoparticles have the measurement range of 1 mM - 4 mM with the regretion (R2) is 0,9516, the detection limit of sensor is 3,2595 mM, the sensitivity of sensor is 2,0794 A. mM-1. mM-2.

Characterization of Ni Nanopowders Produced by Electrical Explosion of Wire Technique

2006 ◽  
Vol 510-511 ◽  
pp. 710-713
Author(s):  
Hwan Tae Kim ◽  
Won Sik Seo ◽  
Dae Hwan Kwon ◽  
Pyuck Pa Choi ◽  
Ji Soon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Electrical Explosion ◽  
Nickel Wire ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Argon Gas ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nickel Powders ◽  
The Mean

Nanosize nickel powders were successfully produced by electrical explosion of wire (EEW). In EEW, the nickel wire was discharged in a chamber filled with nitrogen or argon gas, and the produced powders were subsequently stabilized by air-passivation at room temperature for 2 h. X-ray diffraction only showed the nickel phase of FCC crystal structure, whereas TEM and XPS analyses showed the formation of a very thin oxide layer of NiO on the surface of particles. Particles were spherical in shape, and the mean particle size calculated by specific surface area was about 100 nm. The particle size decreased with increasing charging voltage and with increasing ambient gas pressure. Argon gas was more effective in producing finer particles than nitrogen gas.

Mineralogical and physicochemical characterization of selected Portuguese Mesozoic-Cenozoic muddy/clayey raw materials to be potentially used as healing clays

Clay Minerals ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rebelo ◽  
F. Rocha ◽  
E. Ferreira Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Geological Formations

AbstractThe use of pelitic geological materials for the treatment of muscle-bone-skin pathologies, by application of a cataplasm made of clay and mineral water mixture, is currently receiving attention and interest from the general public and scientific community. In Portugal there are several natural occurrences of clays/muds which are used for pelotherapy and/or geotherapy. These are carried out either indoors (thalassotherapy and thermal centres) or outdoors, in natural sites generally located near the seaside. The aim of this study is to assess the mineralogical and physicochemical properties of Portuguese raw materials for therapeutic purposes. These materials were collected from different Portuguese Mesozoic-Cenozoic geological formations located in the neighbourhood of thermal centres or at beaches known from their empirical applications. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) were used to assess the mineralogical composition of these clays. Physicochemical properties, such as specific surface area, cation exchange capacity, plasticity/abrasiveness indices and heat diffusiveness were also determined. Having distinct geological ages and genesis, the materials examined are mainly illitic. Less abundant kaolinite and smectite are also present. With respect to their physicochemical properties, all samples have good thermal properties which make them potentially suitable for therapeutic or aesthetic purposes.

SEM, XRF, XRD, Nitrogen Adsorption, Fosters Swelling and Capacity Adsorption Characterization of Cloisite 30 B

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1591-1595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Cadigena Lima Patrício ◽  
Marcílio Máximo da Silva ◽  
Anna Karoline Freires de Sousa ◽  
Mariaugusta Ferreira Mota ◽  
Meiry Glaúcia Freire Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Cations ◽  
Cloisite 30B

Cationic surfactants, such as quaternary ammonium cations, have been used, in order to ameliorate the oil sorption capacity of inorganics materials, such as clays. Clays modified with quaternary ammonium cations (organoclays) have better performance in sorption, remove oil and grease from water at seven times the rate of activated carbon, as well as they can be used like perforation fluids of oil wells to the oil base, lubricants, among others industries. This work aims characterize the Cloisite 30B using various techniques: X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Specific Surface Area (BET) and Cation Exchange Capacity. Different organic solvents, namely gasoline, diesel and kerosene were used in order to investigate the clays compatibility after orgophilization.

Using Lime Mud Waste from Pulp Mill as an Additive in Brick Clay

2014 ◽  
Vol 608 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Srichalai Khunton ◽  
Siriphan Nilpairach ◽  
Supin Sangsuk
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Brick Clay ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lime Mud ◽  
Firing Shrinkage

Lime mud from a pulp mill was used as an additive in brick clay from the southern part of Thailand. It was mixed with the clay from Cha-Aud district, Nakorn Sithammarat province. The chemical composition of lime mud and the clay was characterised by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and the mineralogical composition was measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The particle size distribution was also measured. The main composition of lime mud is CaO, and Cha-Aud clay consists of SiO2 and Al2O3 as major oxides. The lime mud contains calcite as a major phase when Cha-Aud clay is constituted by quartz, kaolinite, illite and goethite. Particle size distribution of lime mud is in the range of 1-50 μm. After the lime mud was neutralized using hydrochloric acid, it was mixed with Cha-Aud clay at 10 wt%. Samples with and without lime mud were sintered at 700, 800, 900 and 1000°C for 1 hour. The results showed that lime mud can be used as an additive in brick clay. Both types of samples were similar in terms of physical properties when their linear firing shrinkage, water absorption and flexural strength were in the same range.

Physico-Mineralogical Characterization: Bentonitic Clays Recently Found in Olivedos, Paraíba, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
F.K.A. Sousa ◽  
I.A. Silva ◽  
W.S. Cavalcanti ◽  
Gelmires Araújo Neves ◽  
Heber Carlos Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Petroleum Wells ◽  
The Town

Used in various branches of the industry, bentonitic clays are considered a valuable mineral, used specially in the petroleum industry for manufacturing of fluids used the drilling of petroleum wells in long depth. Recently, a deposit of this valuable mineral was discovered in the town of Olivedos-PB. There are data that prove that this is a very poor and underdeveloped town. So, this work aims at the physico-mineralogical characterization of clays recently discovered and, this way, verify if they present similar characteristics which allow them to replace the clays from Boa Vista-PB, and if they can be used by the industry, thus bringing social development for that town. The characterization was made by means of the analysis of chemical composition by X-ray fluorescence (EDX), thermogravimetric and thermal differential analyses (TG and DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), cation-exchange capacity (CEC) and specific area (SA). The results show that the clays recently discovered in Olivedos-PB are polycationic clays, presenting MgO, CaO and K2O content, and that they are constituted by smectitic clay mineral, by quartz and kaolinite.

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