scholarly journals Gender inequalities in external cause mortality in Brazil, 2010

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erly Catarina de Moura ◽  
Romeu Gomes ◽  
Marcia Thereza Couto Falcão ◽  
Eduardo Schwarz ◽  
Alice Cristina Medeiros das Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Predictive Factor ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
External Causes ◽  
Transport Accidents

Objective: To estimate mortality rate by external causes in Brazil.Methods: Mortality national 2010's data corrected by underreport and adjusted by direct method were evaluated by sex according to age, region of residence, race/skin color, education and conjugal situation.Results: The standardized mortality coefficient of external causes is higher among men (178 per thousand inhabitants) than among women (24 per thousand inhabitants), being higher among young men (20 to 29 years old) in all regions and decreasing with aging. The mortality rate reaches almost nine times higher among men comparably to women, being higher in North and Northeast regions. The death incidence by external causes is higher among men (36.4%) than among women (10.9%), meaning 170% more risk for men. The risk is also higher among the youngest: 6.00 for men and 7.36 for women. The main kind of death by external causes among men is aggressions, followed by transport accidents, the opposite of women.Conclusions: Besides sex, age is the more important predictive factor of precocious death by external causes, pointing the need of many and various sectors in order to construct new identities of non violence.

scholarly journals Traumatic Brain Injury and the Importance of Neurosurgical Care: 10-year Retrospective Study on Cadavers

Folia Medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandrina Nikova ◽  
Ivaylo Dimitrov ◽  
Theodossios Birbilis ◽  
Lora Zaharieva
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Transport Accidents

Objective: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to transport accidents is a serious cause of death and disability. In every case, however, quick response and a proper health care are required.   Materials and methods: We collected 10-year data retrospectively from the laboratory of forensic science and toxicology in Montana, Bulgaria with the intention to show the importance of neurosurgical care in the traumatology and its connection to mortality rate.   Results: 124 cadavers were included with significant male predominance. The data analysis shows that the mortality rate at the hospitals without neurosurgical facilities and the mortality at the scene of the accident is the same for traffic brain injuries. Furthermore, we found that the age has no correlation with the mortality rate.   Conclusion: Road injuries are the most common type of brain injury. We believe that the outcome of these TBIs depends on the availability of a neurosurgical unit.

scholarly journals Characteristics of mortality in the Orenburg region population in 2011-2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Evgenii L. Borschuk ◽  
Dmitrii N. Begun ◽  
Tatyana V. Begun
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
The Third ◽  
Circulatory System Diseases ◽  
External Causes

Objectives - to study the mortality indicators, their dynamics and structure, in the population of the Orenburg region in the period of 2011-2017. Material and methods. The study was conducted using the data from the territorial authority of statistics in the Orenburg region in the period from 2011 to 2017. The analytical, demographic and statistical methods were implemented for the study of the demographic indicators. Results. Cities and municipal settlements of the Orenburg region with high mortality indicators were included in the second and fourth clusters during the cluster analysis. The first and third clusters included cities and municipal settlements with an average mortality. The most favorable position has the Orenburg area with the lowest mortality rate in the region in 2017 - 8.4%. The dynamics of mortality rates among the male and female population tends to decrease, more pronounced dynamics is in men. Though, the male population is characterized by higher mortality rates in all age groups. The leading position among the causes of death is taken by diseases of the circulatory system (46.3% of the total mortality). The second position is occupied by tumors (17.2%), the third - by external causes (8.4%). Mortality from circulatory system diseases and from external causes has reduced. The dynamics of mortality from tumors does not change significantly. The rank of leading causes of death is not identical in the clusters: in the third and fourth clusters, the other causes occupy the second place in the structure of mortality, while tumors occupy the third. Conclusion. In the Orenburg region, the mortality rate is higher than overage in the Russian Federation by 0.9 per 1000 people. The study revealed significant territorial differences in the mortality rates. In general, the mortality among men in all age groups is higher than the mortality of women. The mortality rate from diseases of the circulatory system plays the leading role in the structure of mortality, but has the tendency for decline. Until 2006, the mortality from external causes ranked the second place, now the second place is taken by death from tumors The mortality from external causes is decreasing; mortality from tumors does not change significantly. The obtained results could be used by local authorities in developing the program of public health protection and assessing its effectiveness.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE MORTALITY RATE AMONG THE POPULATION OF THE POLTAVA REGION AND THE WAYS OF ITS REDUCTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1087-1091
Author(s):  
Valentyn M. Dvornyk ◽  
Inna V. Bielikova ◽  
Ludmyla M. Shylkina ◽  
Valentyna L. Filatova ◽  
Natalia M. Martynenko
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Second Neoplasms ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
External Causes Of Death ◽  
External Causes

Introduction: Saving and improvement of population’ health is one of the main priorities of the policy in any country. Studying of the level and causes of mortality is a powerful tool for assessing the effectiveness of health care systems. WHO recommends using of the European classification of preventable causes of death that based on three levels of prevention. The aim of this study is to compare the level and structure of mortality of the population of Ukraine and the Poltava region, to substantiate scientific approaches to the study and identification of those causes of death that can be prevented in order to formulate prevention programs at different level. Materials and methods: In research are used the information from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and from the Center for Medical Statistics of the MoH of Ukraine. Review: Despite the positive dynamics of mortality in recent years, both in the Poltava region and in Ukraine, the indicators remain extremely negative. About 73.3% of all fatalities in Ukraine are three main types of causes cardiovascular diseases, external causes of death and neoplasms. In the Poltava region, 70.56% of all causes of death are due to cardiovascular disease; neoplasms occupy 13.88%; external causes - 4.87%; diseases of the digestive system - 3,06%; respiratory diseases - 1.31% of the causes of death. Conclusions: The mortality rate both in the Poltava region and in Ukraine has tendency for declines, but remains rather high. General trends in the structure of causes of death: in the first place are diseases of the cardiovascular system, the second - neoplasms, the third -external causes. Structuring of the causes of death that based on the principle of prevention in Ukraine do not conduct.

Gender inequalities in political participation and political engagement among young people in Europe: Are young women less politically engaged than young men?

Politics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 026339572110288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grasso ◽  
Katherine Smith
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Political Inequality ◽  
Political News ◽  
Current State ◽  
Detailed Picture

This paper contributes to the literature by examining gender inequalities in political participation and political engagement among young people from a comparative perspective. By analyzing data on young people from nine European countries collected in 2018, we examine gender inequalities in participation in various modes of conventional and unconventional activism as well as related attitudes, broader political engagement and key determinants, cross-nationally, in order to provide a detailed picture of the current state of gender inequalities in political activism among young people in Europe. Our results allow us to speak to extant theorizing about gender inequalities by showing that the extent of political inequality between young men and women is less marked than one might expect. While the gender gaps in political participation for activities such as confrontational types of protest are small or absent, we find that young women are actually more active in petitioning, buycotting, and volunteering in the community. Young men instead are more active than young women in a majority of the nine countries analysed with respect to more institutional forms of participation linked to organizations and parties, various types of online political participation, and broader political engagement measures, such as internal political efficacy and consumption of political news through various channels. However, young men also appear to be more sceptical at least of certain aspects of democratic practice relative to young women.

scholarly journals Mortality rate of adolescents in the Republic of Serbia

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 503-506
Author(s):  
Nevenka Roncevic ◽  
Aleksandra Stojadinovic
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
The Republic ◽  
External Causes

Introduction. Adolescents are the healthiest age group of the population but many studies show that period of adolescence is marked by significant morbidity and mortality. Health indicators of adolescent population have been getting worse during past decades. The aim of this study was to determine mortality rate of adolescents in the Republic of Serbia to determine most common causes of death in adolescence and to explore regional differences in adolescent mortality. Materials and methods: Documentation tables of vital statistics in the Republic of Serbia in 2004, and Documentation Tables of Census 2002 were used. The causes of mortality were classified according to ICD 10. Results and discussion. Specific morality rate in the Republic of Serbia is 32.08 on 100.000 adolescents. The leading causes of death in adolescence are injuries, malignancies and non specified causes, and there are significant regional differences, as well as gender and age differences. The mortality rate of male adolescents is about 2.4 times higher than the mortality rates in female adolescents. The mortality rate of older adolescents is significantly higher than mortality rate of younger adolescents. The mortality of adolescents is higher in Vojvodina than in Central Serbia. Precise data of external causes of death do not exist in vital statistics in our country. Conclusion. The mortality of adolescents is high, especially for older male adolescents (15 to 19 years of age) and majority of deaths among adolescents could be prevented. It is necessary to improve data of vital statistics to get better insight into causes of adolescent death.

scholarly journals MEDICAL AND STATISTICAL INDICATORS OF MORTALITY IN EMPLOYEES OF RUSSIAN STATE FIRE SERVICE (1996–2015)

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Aleksanin ◽  
E. V. Bobrinev ◽  
V. I. Evdokimov ◽  
A. A. Kondashov ◽  
N. A. Mukhina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
External Causes ◽  
Statistical Indicators

Relevance. Russia has high mortality rates in general and among the working-age population, with dominating effects of external causes.Intention– To study rates and structures of the medical-statistical indicators of mortality due to diseases and the effects of external causes in the employees of the State Fire Service of the EMERCOM of Russia over 20 years from 1996 to 2015.Methods.Annual population under study averaged (108.8 ± 6.2) thousand people, or about 80% of all the employees of the State Fire Service of Russia who had special military ranks. Operating staff comprised 53.4%, other employees – 46.6%. Mortality rates were calculated per 100 thousand employees of the State Fire Service of Russia. Data on the mortality of working-age men in Russia was obtained on the website of the Federal Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat) [http://www.gks.ru/]. The unification of accounting and analysis of indicators was achieved using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, the 10th revision (ICD-10). Results and Discussion. Mortality rate among employees of the State Fire Service of the EMERCOM of Russia in 1996–2015 was (116.9 ± 5.7) deaths per 100 thousand employees per year vs 11 times higher mortality rate among the working-age male population of Russia: (1063.9 ± 33.7) deaths per 100 thousand men (p < 0.001). The mean age of the deceased employees of the State Fire Service of Russia was (44.5 ± 0.3) years, with overall mean age (36.9 ± 1.6) years (p < 0.001). The leading causes of death among employees of the State Fire Service of Russia (from more to less significant) were injuries and other effects of external causes (ICD-10 chapter XIX), diseases of the circulatory system (chapter IX) and neoplasms (II), diseases of the digestive system (XI) and diseases of the respiratory system (X). Mortality rates from these causes per 100 thousand employees per year amounted to (63.3 ± 33.7), (32.6 ± 2.7), (7.1 ± 0.6), (5.3 ± 1.0) and (5.0 ± 0.9) deaths; in cause-of-death structure – 54.2, 27.9, 6.0, 4.5 and 4.3%, respectively. The mortality rate from suicide among working-age Russian men was 6.4 times higher than that of firefighters – (66.0 ± 4.1) and (10.3 ± 1.1) deaths per 100 thousand men, respectively. However, in the overall cause-of-death structure, this cause accounted for a larger share in employ ees of the Russian State Fire Service (6.2 vs 8.8%). Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was found when comparing occupational fatalities among the operating personnel of the State Fire Service of Russia and working population in Russia: (14.9 ±1.4) deaths per 100 thousand employees per year vs (11.6 ± 0.7) deaths per 100 thousand workers per year. Mortality rates of firefighters were calculated in the Federal districts and regions of Russia. For a number of causes of death in firefighters, there is a significant contribution of occupational factors, which require further research.Conclusion.There is a low alertness for identifying neoplasms and crisis conditions in firefighters. Focusing on the leading diseases, behavioral disorders, prevention of injuries, poisoning and other effects of external causes will improve health and reduce mortality of employees of the State Fire Service of Russia.Authors declare the absence of existing and potential conflicts of interest concerning the article publication. 

scholarly journals Surgical congenital anomalies in Albania: incidence, prenatal diagnosis and outcome

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. e000012
Author(s):  
Ilirjana Bakalli ◽  
Elmira Kola ◽  
Robert Lluka ◽  
Ermela Celaj ◽  
Durim Sala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Predictive Factor ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Negative Predictive Factor ◽  
Made In

IntroductionSignificant progress has been made in the diagnosis and management of congenital anomalies (CA). In our study, we aimed to evaluate prenatal diagnosis, trend of surgical CA, mortality rate and the factors affecting their prognosis in our country.MethodsWe enrolled in our study all children with CA who underwent surgery from January 2008 to December 2017. We compared prenatal diagnosis, incidence and mortality for two 5-year periods: the first period in 2008–2012 and the second period in 2013–2017.ResultsDuring the study period, a total of 321 cases with CA were presented, with an incidence of 0.69–1.18 per 1000 live births. Intestinal, anal and esophageal atresia remain the most important CAs (23%, 18% and 16%), followed by diaphragmatic hernia and gastroschisis (10% and 7%). Comparing the incidence for the two periods, we did not find statistical differences (p=0.73), but the mortality rate has been reduced from 31.4% during the first period to 24.6% during the second period (p=0.17). Prenatal diagnosis has increased: 28% in the second period compared with 10% in the first period (p<0.001), without significantly affecting the prognosis (p=0.09). Birth of premature babies resulted in a significantly negative predictive factor for the prognosis of these anomalies (p=0.0002).ConclusionIncidence of CA has not changed over the years in our country. Advances in intensive care, surgical techniques and parenteral nutrition made in recent years have significantly increased the survival of neonates born with surgical CA. Birth of premature babies was a significantly negative predictive factor for the prognosis of these anomalies.

scholarly journals Mortality Among Firefighters in Spain: 10 Years of Follow-up

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 614-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanlan Zhao ◽  
Boris Erazo ◽  
Elena Ronda ◽  
Francisco Brocal ◽  
Enrique Regidor
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Hypopharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Respiratory Protection ◽  
External Causes ◽  
Mortality Rate Ratio ◽  
Standardized Mortality Rate ◽  
Overall Mortality

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to compare mortality rates for the main causes of death and the most frequent sites of cancer in firefighters and all other occupations. Methods Mortality was calculated from a longitudinal study conducted between 2001 and 2011 following a total of 9.5 million men aged 20–64 years old who were in employment in 2001. The age-standardized mortality rate for firefighters was calculated for cancer and other causes of death and compared with that for all other occupations using the mortality rate ratio (MRR). Results No differences were observed between firefighters and all other occupations for overall mortality [MRR = 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.91–1.07] or for mortality from cancer in general (MRR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.89–1.12). No significant differences were observed in mortality by site of cancer, except for mortality from cancer of larynx (MRR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.01–3.09) and hypopharynx (MRR = 2.96, 95% CI: 1.31–6.69), which presented a higher magnitude in firefighters. Neither was any significant differences observed between the two groups in mortality due to cardiovascular, respiratory, or digestive diseases or in mortality due to external causes. Conclusions Exposure to carcinogens combined with a possible failure to use respiratory protection when fighting fires may be responsible for excess mortality from laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer in firefighters. In the future, more research is needed on the health of firefighters and strengthening preventive policies for these workers.

scholarly journals Mortality and potential years of life lost by road traffic injuries in Brazil, 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvânia Suely Caribé de Araújo Andrade ◽  
Maria Helena Prado de Mello-Jorge
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Road Traffic Injuries ◽  
Proportional Mortality ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the potential years of life lost by road traffic injuries three years after the beginning of the Decade of Action for Traffic Safety. METHODS We analyzed the data of the Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM – Mortality Information System) related to road traffic injuries, in 2013. We estimated the crude and standardized mortality rates for Brazil and geographic regions. We calculated, for the Country, the proportional mortality according to age groups, education level, race/skin color, and type or quality of the victim while user of the public highway. We estimated the potential years of life lost according to sex. RESULTS The mortality rate in 2013 was of 21.0 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants for the Country. The Midwest region presented the highest rate (29.9 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants). Most of the deaths by road traffic injuries took place with males (34.9 deaths per 100,000 males). More than half of the people who have died because of road traffic injuries were of black race/skin color, young adults (24.2%), individuals with low schooling (24.0%), and motorcyclists (28.5%). The mortality rate in the triennium 2011-2013 decreased 4.1%, but increased among motorcyclists. Across the Country, more than a million of potential years of life were lost, in 2013, because of road traffic injuries, especially in the age group of 20 to 29 years. CONCLUSIONS The impact of the high mortality rate is of over a million of potential years of life lost by road traffic injuries, especially among adults in productive age (early mortality), in only one year, representing extreme social cost arising from a cause of death that could be prevented. Despite the reduction of mortality by road traffic injuries from 2011 to 2013, the mortality rates increased among motorcyclists.

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