scholarly journals Sexual violence, mood disorders and suicide risk: a population-based study

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 853-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaíse Campos Mondin ◽  
Taiane de Azevedo Cardoso ◽  
Karen Jansen ◽  
Caroline Elizabeth Konradt ◽  
Rosana Ferrazza Zaltron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Abstract This article seeks to analyze the association between sexual violence, manic and depressive episodes, and suicide risk among young adults. This is a cross-sectional population-based study carried out with young people between 18 and 24 years of age in a town in southern Brazil. The sample was selected through clusters. The prevalence of sexual violence, manic, depressive and mixed episodes and suicide risk were evaluated, as well as the association between them. The chi-square test and Poisson regression were used for statistical analysis. The study sample comprised 1,560 subjects. Among these, 3.1% had suffered sexual violence at some point in their life. The prevalence of depressive, mixed episodes, and (hypo)manic episodes were 10%, 2.4% and 2.3%, respectively. Suicide risk had a prevalence of 8.6% in the total sample. Young people who have suffered sexual violence are more likely to be subject to mood changes or suicide risk than those who have not (p < 0.05), except for the occurrence of (hypo)manic episodes. These results revealed a strong association between sexual violence and depressive and mixed episodes and suicide risk.

scholarly journals Characteristics of falls in elderly persons residing in the community: a population-based study

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 691-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzana Albuquerque de Moraes ◽  
Wuber Jefferson Sousa Soares ◽  
Lygia Paccini Lustosa ◽  
Tereza Loffredo Bilton ◽  
Eduardo Ferrioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The State ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Object: to examine the characteristics to the last fall of Brazilian elderly persons who experienced falls in 2008 and 2009, and to identify if there is a relationship with sociodemographic characteristics, physical health, comorbidities, clinical conditions and the circumstances of the falls. Methods: a cross-sectional, population based study was carried out with participants aged 65 and older from Barueri in the state of São Paulo and Cuiabá in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Households were enrolled within each census region according to population density and the number of elderly persons living in each region. A multidimensional questionnaire composed of sociodemographic factors and data regarding falls was used. Associations were analyzed using contingency tables, and Fisher's Exact or Pearson's Chi-square test was used. Results: 774 elderly people were included in the study, 299 of whom reported falling in the previous year. Of these, 176 (58.9%) had fallen once and 123 (41.1%) reported having fallen twice or more. Among fallers the mean age was 72.53 (±6.12) years and 214 (71.6%) were female. About 107 (35.8%) of the elderly reported having fallen forwards, 79 (26.4%) fell to the side and 42(14%) fell backwards. Regarding the circumstances of the falls, 107 (35.8%) reported having lost their balance, 79 (26.4%) said they had stumbled and 42 (14%) said they had slipped. There was an association between the mechanism and circumstances of the falls and having fallen once or twice or more. There was an association between the circumstances of falls and the number of medications taken. Conclusion: The characteristics of falls were different among elderly persons who had fallen once or twice or more, which may guide health professionals, the elderly and their families in relation to specific fall prevention strategies.

scholarly journals The association between individual and contextual factors and functional dentition status among adults in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil: a multilevel study

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Pozeczek Koltermann ◽  
Jessye Melgarejo do Amaral Giordani ◽  
Marcos Pascoal Pattussi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Functional Dentition

Functional dentition plays an important role in maintaining masticatory function, which is closely related to the number of teeth present in the mouth. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between individual and contextual factors and functional dentition (defined as the presence of at least 20 teeth) in Brazilian adults. This was a multilevel cross-sectional population-based study with a two-level structure and a total sample of 10,407 adults from 84 municipalities (counties). The exposures at both levels were demographic, socioeconomic, and oral health treatment-related. Multivariate analyses showed that higher prevalence rates of functional dentition were associated (p < 0.01) with municipalities having higher mean income and fluoridated water supply and with individuals living in urban areas, younger adults, males, those with more schooling and higher income, those that reported having visited the dentist in the previous 12 months, and those with access to information on prevention. The findings suggest that research on tooth loss and functional dentition should take different socioeconomic factors into account.

scholarly journals Men's health: a population-based study on social inequalities

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 2133-2142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tássia Fraga Bastos ◽  
Maria Cecília Goi Porto Alves ◽  
Marilisa Berti de Azevedo Barros ◽  
Chester Luiz Galvão Cesar
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Health Status Indicators ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study

This study evaluates social inequalities in health according to level of schooling in the male population. This was a cross-sectional, population-based study with a sample of 449 men ranging from 20 to 59 years of age and living in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil. The chi-square test was used to verify associations, and a Poisson regression model was used to estimate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios. Men with less schooling showed higher rates of alcohol consumption and dependence, smoking, sedentary lifestyle during leisure time, and less healthy eating habits, in addition to higher prevalence of bad or very bad self-rated health, at least one chronic disease, hypertension, and other health problems. No differences were detected between the two schooling strata in terms of use of health services, except for dental services. The findings point to social inequality in health-related behaviors and in some health status indicators. However, possible equity was observed in the use of nearly all types of health services.

scholarly journals Barriers for the use of outdoor gyms in adults and elderly from a southern city of Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Gabriel Gustavo Bergmann ◽  
Anne Ribeiro Streb ◽  
Marcos Ferrari ◽  
Deivid Cristiano Cooper Alves ◽  
Bruna Adamar Castelhano Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Socioeconomic Variables ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Barriers To Use ◽  
Southern City

The aim of this study was to identify barriers to use Outdoor Gyms (OGs) for physical activity (PA) practice and to examine their association with leisure-time PA, demographic and socioeconomic variables in adults and elderly. This cross-sectional population-based study enrolled 431 adults and elderly (66.8% women) aged 18 to 87 years living in the surroundings (up to 500 meters) of four OGs. Information about using OGs for PA practice, barriers to use OGs, leisure-time PA, demographic and socioeconomic variables were collected by domiciliary interview. Associations between barriers to use OGs with other included variables were analyzed using Chi-Square test. None barriers was reported for 29.2% (95%CI: 24.9-33.5) of the participants, being almost of then OGs’ users. The most reported barriers to use OGs were lack of time (21.6%; 95%CI: 17.7-25.5), lack of interest (16.5%; 95%CI: 13.0-20.0) and laziness (10.7%; 95%CI: 7.8-13.6). Intrapersonal barriers were more often among men, interpersonal among women and environmental among those with less educational level (p < 0.05). In conclusion, OGs’ users perceived fewer barriers than non-users, and most barriers to the use of OGs were intrapersonal with lack of time being the most prevalent.

Pepsinogen Test for the Evaluation of Precancerous Changes in Gastric Mucosa: a Population-Based Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Sjomina ◽  
Jelizaveta Pavlova ◽  
Ilva Daugule ◽  
Pavel Janovic ◽  
Ilze Kikuste ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Repeated Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
H Pylori

Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the rationale of blood pepsinogen (PG) testing in population based screening settings.Methods: Participants from a cross-sectional population-based study of cardiovascular risk factors in Latvia were invited to participate in the current study. Pepsinogen I and II were measured in blood samples taken during the initial study and at follow-up; upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed. There were three groups of patients: with moderately decreased (PG I< 70 ng/ml and PG I/PG II ratio < 3), with strongly decreased (PG I< 30 ng/ml and PG I/PG II ratio < 2), and with normal PG level. Biopsy with H. pylori detection was performed (updated Sydney system).Results: Results from 259 patients were analyzed. Pepsinogens were decreased in 133 (51.4%), H. pylori was positive in 177 (66.0%) cases. Mean age was significantly lower in patients with normal compared to strongly decreased PG level group (52.8 vs. 64.1 years, p<0.001). Prevalence of severe corpus atrophy was higher in the strongly decreased compared to the normal PG test group: 7.0% vs. 0%; the same tendency was noted in the distribution of OLGA stages III-IV – 10.5% and 0.0%, OLGIM stages III-IV – 3.5% and 0%, and low-grade dysplasia – 15.8% and 2.4% (p<0.05). Two cases of gastric cancer were found; both presented decreased PG levels. A strong association between H. pylori eradication and PG ratio dynamics was found (p<0.05).Conclusions: All high-risk lesions were found in the decreased PG test groups; two cancer cases were revealed.However, PG demonstrated low specificity and low value of repeated testing. The value of PG as a sole test for gastric cancer risk is limited.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Dentulism, Partial Edentulism and Complete Edentulism in Rural and Urban Population of Malwa Region of India: A Population-based Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Agrawal ◽  
Prabha Shakya ◽  
Deshraj Jain ◽  
Subhash Sonkesariya ◽  
SV Sai Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Males

ABSTRACT Background The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of dentulism, partial edentulism and complete edentulism in rural and urban population of Malwa region of India, who visited at department of prosthodontics for the first time. Materials and methods An institution-based, cross-sectional study using the random sampling method was used to select the study sample of 1000 males and females. Data were collected using questionnaires and oral examination. Data were statistically analyzed using Chi-square test. Results Nearly, 38.5 and 63.1% of the rural and urban females were dentulous in the age of below 53 and 43 years. 61.4 and 36% of rural and urban males were dentulous in the age of below 53 and 43 years. Nearly, 41.9 and 48.2% of the rural and urban females were partial edentulous in the age of above 53 and 43 years. Fifty-eight and 51.7% of rural and urban males were dentulous in the age of above 53 and 43 years. Nearly, 22.4 and 55.8% of the rural and urban females were completing edentulous in the age of above 43 years in both population. 77.5 and 44.1% of rural and urban males were completing edentulous in the age of above 33 and 53 years. Limitation The study was conducted in an institution-based set-up. Hence, any interpretation of the results of this study must bear this limitation in mind. Conclusion It is essential to identify feasible strategies to provide primary dental health education and treatment to all rural and urban elderly in the future. We suggest community dental health services to be included in general health of the elderly rather than a special health need of the community. How to cite this article Sonkesariya S, Jain D, Shakya P, Agrawal R, Prasad SVS. Prevalence of Dentulism, Partial Edentulism and Complete Edentulism in Rural and Urban Popu- lation of Malwa Region of India: A Population-based Study. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2014;4(4):112-119.

Pattern of Condom Usage among Male and Female Youths in Nigeria from 1999 to 2008

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Bamikole E. Olowo ◽  
David M. Dairo ◽  
Olajide A. Adekunle
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Condom Usage ◽  
Rural Dwellers

Condom usage is one of the most effective strategies for combating the spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Despite increased sexual knowledge, adolescents in Nigeria are poor condom users. They are less likely than adults to consistently use condoms or other methods of protection that could reduce their chances of infection. The objective of the study was to describe the trend in the condom usage and to determine the association between demographic variables and condom usage among youths aged 15-24 years from1999-2008. A comparative cross-sectional population based study was carried out in which a secondary data review analyses of Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 1999, 2003 and 2008 data were done. Statistical package of social science version 17.0 was used for determining frequencies, chi square and the p-values. There was a significant increase in the usage of condom from 8.2% in 1999 to 9.3% in 2008 to 10.5% in 2008 among the female youths, though the percentages are still very low. There was an insignificant increase in condom usage among the male youths from 31.1% in 1999 to 38.7% in 2003 and then a decrease to 36.8% in 2008. There was significant association between the urban dwellers, 20-24 years age group, Christians, literate and single female youths and condom usage over the years while the rural dwellers, single and literate male youths experienced significant increase in condom usage over the years at p<0.05. Condom usage by youths significantly increased over the years. However, the increase is still considered low and not enough to effectively reduce the prevalence of HIV and AIDS. Religion, marital status, age group, education and literacy are variables that influenced condom usage by young people. Campaign on the usage of condom during sexual intercourse among young people at every level of education, urban or rural residence, age group and religion should be intensified.

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