scholarly journals In vitro biological control of Ceratobasidium ramicola by using tannin extracts from Acacia villosa, Myristica fragrans, Acacia mangium, and Calliandra calothyrsus leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-239
Author(s):  
M. A. Firmansyah ◽  
Erfiani ◽  
A. Jayanegara ◽  
Achmad ◽  
N. Wijayanto
Keyword(s):  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽  
Tannin Extract ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Potato Dextrose Broth ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Myristica Fragrans ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
In Vitro Inhibition

Abstract Ceratobasidium ramicola is a fitopathogenic fungus that harmful and causes various levels of damage on several types of forestry and horticultural crops. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Acacia villosa, Myristica fragrans, Acacia mangium and Calliandra calothyrsus leaf extracts as tannin sources related to the in vitro inhibition of Ceratobasidium ramicola growth. The in vitro inhibition was performed by employing solid potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium to obtain the radial inhibition, while liquid potato dextrose broth (PDB) medium was used to obtain the biomass inhibition. Experimental design was based on in time nested-completely randomized design and statistical analysis was carried out with SAS software version 9.1. The result of radial growth inhibition of Ceratobasidium ramicola showed that tannin extracts of A. mangium and M. Fragrans were not significantly different to each other. Treatment of tannin extracts from A. villosa, M. fragrans, A. mangium and C. Calothyrsus with a concentration of 1% were significantly different with other concentrations and resulted the greatest inhibition values. Tannin extract of A. Mangium at 1% concentration produced the greatest radial inhibition by 33.2%. In most cases, the effective inhibition from tannin extract occurred at the 24h of incubation. The greatest biomass inhibition was produced on 1% tannin extract of A. mangium by 64.3%, while the lowest was produced from 1% tannin extract of M. fragrans by 27.0%.

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan Tunas Pisang Barangan (Musa Acuminata Colla.) akibat Pemberian Benzyl Amino Purin dan Arang Aktif secara In Vitro.

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-90
Author(s):  
Mulia Saputri ◽  
Marai Rahmawati ◽  
Elly Kesumawati
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
And Control

Pertumbuhan Tunas Pisang Barangan Akibat Pemberian Benzyl AminoPurin dan Arang Aktif secara In Vitro Accretion of Barangan Banana Shoot Effect of  (BAP)  and Activated Charcoal Explant by In VitroAbstrak. Banana as a superior product of horticultural crops, has not achieved high productivity and has several obstacles in its multiplication. Tissue culture is one solution to overcome this problem. This study aims to determine the composition of PGRBenzil Amino Purine (BAP) and activated charcoal that are appropriate in the multiplication of barangan banana shoots. This research was conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam Banda Aceh. The design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two treatment factors. The first factor is BAP concentration consisting of 3 levels, namely 4 mg/L, 6 mg /L, and 8 mg/L. The second factor is activated charcoal concentration consisting of 3 levels, namely control, 1 g/L and 2 g/L. In this study, from 9 treatment combinations, only 4 treatment combinations were not contaminated. Of the 4 treatment combinations the combination of BAP concentration of 6 mg/L and control (without activated charcoal) showed the fastest shoot growth time of 29 days after multiplication, the most shoot growth was 6 shoots and the average shoot height was 15.9 mm

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF THE ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS FROM AGLAONEMA COMMUTATUM SCHOTT LEAVES AND ITS CULTIVARS AGAINST ESCHERICHIA COLI STRAIN

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Maryna Opryshko ◽  
Oleksandr Gyrenko ◽  
Lyudmyla Buyun ◽  
Halyna Tkachenko ◽  
Natalia Kurhaluk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
In Vitro Inhibition

This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts obtained from the leaves of Aglaonema commutatum Schott and its cultivars («Malay Beauty», «Silver Queen», and «Silver King») against Escherichia coli (Migula) Castellani and Chalmers (ATCC® 25922™) strain. The leaves of Aglaonema commutatum plants and its cultivars, cultivated under glasshouse conditions, were sampled at M. M. Gryshko National Botanic Garden (NBG), National Academy of Science of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine). The leaves were brought into the laboratory for antimicrobial studies. Freshly sampled leaves were washed, weighed, and homogenized in 96% ethanol (in proportion 1:19) at room temperature. The extracts were then filtered and investigated for their antimicrobial activity. Escherichia coli (Migula) Castellani and Chalmers (ATCC® 25922™) strain was used in our study. Antimicrobial activities of various ethanolic extracts obtained from leaves of Aglaonema commutatum plants and its cultivars («Malay Beauty», «Silver Queen», and «Silver King») against Escherichia coli (Migula) Castellani and Chalmers (ATCC® 25922™) strain was screened in the current study. The testing of the antibacterial activity of the plant extracts was carried out in vitro by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. The leaf extracts from A. commutatum «Silver Queen» and A. commutatum 'Silver King' exhibited higher inhibitory activity than the extracts from A. commutatum and A. commutatum «Malay Beauty». Maximum in vitro inhibition was scored by A. commutatum «Silver Queen», followed by A. commutatum «Silver King», A. commutatum, and A. commutatum «Malay Beauty». In particular, the leaf extracts from A. commutatum «Silver Queen» and A. commutatum 'Silver King' exhibited higher inhibitory activity than the extracts from A. commutatum and A. commutatum «Malay Beauty». Maximum in vitro inhibition was scored by A. commutatum «Silver Queen», followed by A. commutatum «Silver King», A. commutatum, and A. commutatum «Malay Beauty», which presented inhibition zones of (18.6±1.2) mm, (16.1±0.9) mm, (15.7±1.1) mm, and (13.5±1.0) mm, respectively. In the case of the positive controls, 96% ethanol possesses a mild anti-E. coli effect, which presented inhibition zones of (9.5±1.2) mm. The inhibition zone diameters were increased by 96% (p<0.05) for A. commutatum «Silver Queen», by 69 % (p<0.05) for A. commutatum «Silver King», by 65 % (p<0.05) for A. commutatum, and by 42 % (p<0.05) for A. commutatum «Malay Beauty». Thus, the use of these plants in traditional medicine and veterinary medicine was experimentally confirmed as a potential source of raw materials for the development of medicines in the future, as well as for the development of innovative feed for farm animals.

scholarly journals Evaluation of efficacy of false yam (Icacina oliviformis) as surface protectant against rot pathogens of white yam (Dioscora rotundata Poir)

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
E. N.K. Sowley ◽  
F. Kankam ◽  
R. M. Nsarko
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
White Yam ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
In Vitro Tubers ◽  
Tuber Rot

Rots in yam tubers are the dominant cause of postharvest losses. Therefore, studies were con­ducted to identify the rot-causing organisms in yam and to evaluate the efficacy of false yam (Icacina oliviformis) plant extracts as surface protectants in the storage of yam. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) design with five treatments (fruit, root and leaf extract of false yam, Mancozeb and tap water) replicated three times. Two concen­trations (50% and 100%) of each extract were also tested. Species were identified based on the structural features, the characteristics and properties of the spore and mycelium. A spore suspension of yam rot fungi was sprayed on healthy yam tubers that had been pretreated with the extracts. Results showed that fungi isolated from rotted yams were Aspergillus niger, A. fla­vus and Penicillium sclerotigenum. Leaf extracts (both 50% and 100%) had the highest growth inhibitions on all the three fungi isolated in vitro. Tubers treated with root and leaf extracts of false yam had a decreased tuber rot lengths of 1.80 mm2 and 2.17 mm2, respectively. The leaves and roots of false yam can be used as a surface protectant of yam in place of Mancozeb. Keywords: Icacina oliviformis; Dioscora rotundata; Mancozeb; Pathogenicity; Aspergillus spp.

scholarly journals Different Morphotypes of Fusarium oxysporum Isolated from Xanthosoma sagittifolium L. Schott Roots: Action of Ethanol Leaf Extracts of Psidium guajava on their in Vitro Inhibition and on X. Sagittifolium Plants Inoculated with F. oxysporum

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
A. C. Djeuani ◽  
H. D. Mbouobda ◽  
T. A. Mbekem ◽  
N. Niemenak
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Xanthosoma Sagittifolium ◽  
In Vitro Inhibition ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

The objective of this study was to determine the different morphotypes of Fusarium oxysporum present in the root of Xanthosoma sagittifolium and evaluate the effect of alcoholic extracts of Psidium guajava on their in vitro inhibition. Strains of Fusarium oxysporum were collected in eight localities where X. sagittifolium is grown. Fusarium strains isolated from roots of X. sagittifolium harvested in each locality were grown on PDA medium. The antifungal test was evaluated using ethanol extracts from P. guajava leaves at 30 and 60%. The virulence test of each strain on young plants of X. sagittifolium aged three months were realized. Eight strain of Fusarium oxysporum were successfully isolated. After maximum growth, five morphological types were observed (pionnotal, sclerotic, clowny, cottony and ras senescent). The cottony strain was abundant and present in all the locality. Histological analysis of the different strains obtained revealed the presence of septate or siphoned hyphae and three types of conidia (microconidia, macroconidia and sporangiospores or chlamidospores). The inhibition tests were very high with 60% of ethanol extract of P. guajava, and 83.33% of inhibitory effect were observed after eight days of growth, in the strains collected in X. sagittifolium roots, in L3 (Loum) and L4 (Bangoua) localities. After infection of X. sagittifolium plants with each strain of F. oxysporum isolated, symptoms observed were yellowing and wilting of leaves. However, plants inoculated with the L3 (Loum) strain showed both yellowing and wilting of leaves. The application of ethanol extracts from P. guajava leaves reduced the severity of the disease in the inoculated plants after 14 days. These results obtained showed that F. oxysporum is not only saprophytic fungi, it’s also able to induce yellowing and wilting of leaves in X. sagittifolium.

scholarly journals Evaluation of in vitro digestibility and pH of Acacia seed pods (Acacia sp.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 902 (1) ◽  
pp. 012003
Author(s):  
R F Hadi ◽  
E Handayanta ◽  
I Ngadyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Acacia Species ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Stages

Abstract This study aimed to determine the rumen fluid’s in-vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in-vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and pH of different species Acacia seed pods as a single feed ingredient. The Acacia species in this study were Acacia mangium, Acacia auriculiformis, and Acacia crassicarpa. The method used was in vitro two-stages with the first 48 hours of incubation (the rumen) and the second 48 hours of incubation (post-rumen), and analyses of pH. The research design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 5 replications based on the Acacia species. The data were analysed with oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT). The results showed that IVDMD stage one was 34.59-37.59%; IVOMD stage one was 38.66-43.06%. Stage two of IVDMD was 58.02-59.23%; stage two of IVOMD was 51.67-55.01% and rumen fluid pH were 6.58-7.02. Different Acacia seed pods had significant differences in IVDMD and IVOMD stage one in the rumen and stage two in the post-rumen (P<0.05), but not in the pH value (P>0.05). We concluded that different acacia seed pods had different digestibility values in the rumen and post-rumen. However, it does not affect the rumen acidity.

A HERBAL CREAM FOR ACNE VULGARIS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (02) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Vrushali Kashikar ◽  
Sonal Tope
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ficus Religiosa ◽  
Propionibacterium Acne ◽  
Myristica Fragrans ◽  
In Vitro Diffusion ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

The present work deals with the development and evaluation of a herbal anti-acne cream. Ethanolic fruit and leaf extracts of Myristica fragrans (Nutmeg) and Ficus religiosa (Pipal) were used for preparing the cream. Three creams namely, F1 (Myristica fragrans), F2 (Ficus religiosa) and F3 i.e. combination of Myristica fragrans and Ficus religiosa, were prepared. F3 shows greater zone of inhibition against Propionibacterium acne, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus inhibition (24.60 mm, 21.66 mm and 23.66 mm respectively), as compared to F1 (22.33 mm, 19.0 mm and 23 mm) and F2 (23.33 mm, 20 mm and 22.33 mm) respectively. In vitro diffusion study showed that percentage of drug release from F3 was greater than from F1 and F2. The results indicated that the herbal cream formulation F3, with combination of two plant extracts had acceptable properties.

Effekte von Substanz P und Neurotensin auf die Kontraktilität des Ileums der Maus in vitro: Inhibition durch STW 5

2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Hagelauer ◽  
O Kelber ◽  
D Weiser ◽  
S Laufer ◽  
H Heinle
Keyword(s):  
Substanz P ◽  
In Vitro Inhibition

Phytochemical analysis and salivary amylase inhibition activities of Carica papaya leaf and Garcinia mangostana pericarp extracts and partially purified fractions

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Michael Russelle Alvarez ◽  
Paolo Robert Bueno ◽  
Raymond Oliver Cruz ◽  
Richard Macapulay ◽  
Francis Jayson Vallesfin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Salivary Amylase ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Plant-derived digestive enzyme inhibitors particularly those targeted to carbohydrate metabolism has been the focus of recent studies as natural supplements for weight control and diabetes. The present study explores the salivary amylase inhibition activity of Garcinia mangostana (Linn.) pericarp extracts and Carica papaya (Linn.) leaf extracts and fractions, as well as perform phytochemical screening and quantification, and thin layer – and high performance liquid chromatographic profiling. ­Results show that crude extracts and purified fractions were able to inhibit salivary amylase, with C. papaya fraction 1 being the most active at 30.89% inhibition. Phytochemical screening of all extracts tested ­positive for tannins, glycosides, phenolics, flavonoids and alkaloids. Quantification of phenolics showed that extracts contained high levels of phenolics, with C. papaya crude extract having the highest content with 219.0±12.7 mg GAE/g extract followed by G. mangostana crude extract with 247.1±18.0 mg GAE/g extract. Quantification of total flavonoids also showed C. papaya crude extract to contain the highest content with 55.12±0.679 mg QE/g extract. All extracts contained negligible alkaloid content, though. HPLC and TLC profiling showed several peaks and bands, when viewed in 210 nm and UV light, respectively. These results demonstrate in vitro the salivary amylase inhibitory activity of both plants and their potential as antidiabetic drug candidates; however, further studies need to be done, like isolation and structure elucidation of active components and toxicity assays. Keywords: Amylase inhibition, phytochemical quantification, Carica papaya, Garcinia mangostana

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