scholarly journals Plant age, crop stage and surrounding habitats: their impact on sucking pests and predators complex in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) field plots in arid climate at district Layyah, Punjab, Pakistan

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nadeem ◽  
H. M. Tahir ◽  
A. A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Cotton Field ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Green Lacewings ◽  
Arthropod Predators ◽  
Trap Cropping ◽  
Field Plots

Abstract Sucking pests are major threat to cotton field crop which cause unbearable losses to the crop yield. Aim of the current study was to record seasonal dynamics of major sucking insect pests including whitefly, jassid, thrips and their natural arthropod predators i.e. green lacewings and spiders in cotton field plots. The effects of surrounding field crops on pests’ density and predatory efficiency of predators were also recorded. For sampling and survey of insects, the visual counting was found to be the most efficient method for recording the abundance of insects, trailed by net sweeping and tapping. Whitefly was the most dominant sucking pest found on the vegetative stage of cotton, followed by jassid and thrips. Fluctuated populations of predatory arthropods, spiders and green lacewings were also recorded during whole cropping season however, the densities of pests and predators varied with crop phenology. Spiders’ population was encouraging at both vegetative and flowering stage and also the same trend of jassid and whitefly were observed at both stages of the crop. Surrounding habitats showed non-significant effect on population densities of insect pests and predators. For abiotic factors, the spiders showed strong positive correlation with humidity and temperature. However, green lacewing was only positively correlated with humidity. On the other hand, the populations of whitefly, jassid and thrips showed non-significant correlation with both temperature and humidity. Overall densities of sucking insect pests were found above economic threshold level. The plant age, crop stage and surrounding habitats effect on the population fluctuation of pests as well as the predators’ abundance. The future studies are also warranted to investigate the altered habitats and multiple trap cropping to find out their impact on unattended insect predators and parasitoids in cotton crop.

Population dynamics of sucking insect pests of cotton and its correlation with abiotic factors

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepika Kalkal ◽  
Roshan Lal ◽  
K. K. Dahiya ◽  
Maan Singh ◽  
Ankit Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Whitefly Population ◽  
Leaf Hopper ◽  
Significant Difference

The research was conducted during <italic>kharif</italic> seasons of 2008 and 2009. Nineteen genotypes comprising of seventeen <italic>Bt</italic> hybrids, one conventional hybrid and one variety were evaluated for their reaction to sucking insect pests, under unsprayed condition. Observations on sucking pests were recorded at weekly intervals. The highest population of leaf hopper was recorded during 28<sup>th</sup> and 32<sup>nd</sup> standard weeks. The highest mean incidence was recorded in H-1226. Whitefly population remained below economic threshold level (ETL) during 2008 while during 2009 it crossed ETL in RCH 134 BG-II (6.00-6.23 adults/leaf). Mean highest population was recorded in IT-905 <italic>Bt</italic> and RCH-134 BG-II. Leafhopper and whitefly population were significantly and positively correlated with temperature while negatively correlated with rainfall. Among the genotypes, it was observed that there was no significant difference in population of the sucking pests.

scholarly journals Application of Trap Cropping as Companion Plants for the Management of Agricultural Pests: A Review

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shovon Chandra Sarkar ◽  
Endong Wang ◽  
Shengyong Wu ◽  
Zhongren Lei
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Trap Crops ◽  
Companion Plant ◽  
Trap Cropping

Companion planting is a well-known strategy to manage insect pests and support a natural enemy population through vegetative diversification. Trap cropping is one such type of special companion planting strategy that is traditionally used for insect pest management through vegetative diversification used to attract insect pests away from the main crops during a critical time period by providing them an alternative preferred choice. Trap crops not only attract the insects for feeding and oviposition, but also act as a sink for any pathogen that may be a vector. Considerable research has been conducted on different trap crops as companion plant species to develop improved pest management strategies. Despite this, little consensus exists regarding optimal trap cropping systems for diverse pest management situations. An advantage of trap cropping over an artificially released natural enemy-based biological control could be an attractive remedy for natural enemies in cropping systems. Besides, many trap crop species can conserve natural enemies. This secondary effect of attracting natural enemies may be an advantage compared to the conventional means of pest control. However, this additional consideration requires a more knowledge-intensive background to designing an effective trap cropping system. We have provided information based on different trap crops as companion plant, their functions and an updated list of trap cropping applications to attract insect pests and natural enemies that should be proven as helpful in future trap cropping endeavors.

scholarly journals SEASONAL VARIATION OF PHENOLS AND FLAVONOIDS IN NON-GALLED AND GALLED LEAVES OF CARYOCAR BRASILIENSE (CARYOCARACEAE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (38) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Edson Cardoso TEIXEIRA ◽  
Rafaela Oliveira FERREIRA
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Complexation Reaction ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Caryocar Brasiliense ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Galling Insects

Introduction: Galling insects manipulate the development of their host plants. Galls are rich in secondary metabolites, such as phenolic compounds and terpenes. Caryocar brasiliense acts as a host of galling insects. Few studies report the impacts of this plant-insect interaction on the species' morphology, physiology, and secondary metabolism. Objective: The purpose of this study was to verify if there is a correlation between the levels of total phenols and flavonoids in C. brasiliense leaf extracts and environmental variables, such as temperature and precipitation, throughout the year, and to evaluate how galling insects can interfere in this seasonality. Methods: Ethanol extracts from leaves were obtained by soxhlet extraction. The main classes of secondary metabolites were detected by phytochemical prospecting. The levels of total phenols and flavonoids were quantified by the Folin-Dennis tests and complexation reaction with aluminum chloride, respectively. Pearson 's correlation coefficient shows that the levels of phenols and flavonoids were correlated with the average monthly maximum temperatures and precipitation accumulation, respectively, recorded in Gurupi - Tocantins. Results and Discussion: Phytochemical prospecting indicated flavonoids, saponins, tannins, triterpenes, steroids, and alkaloids in both extracts. In C. brasiliense, the samples of healthy leaves suffered a greater variation in the levels of phenols (68.39±2.3 to 279.34±3.1 mg GAE g-1 extract) and flavonoids (164.06± 3.0 at 269.03±3.6 mg QE g-1 extract) compared to leaf samples with galls. A strong positive correlation was found between the contents of total phenols and maximum temperatures and a strong negative correlation with precipitation through Pearson's correlation. Conclusions: The variations observed in the levels of phenols and flavonoids in the extracts of C. brasiliense seem to be related to abiotic factors and the herbivory promoted by the galling insect.

scholarly journals Elevated CO2 and Temperature Resetting the Expression of Resistance, Pest Incidence, Geographical Distribution and Physiology in Insect-pests of Grain Legumes: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.L. Jat ◽  
P. Pagaria ◽  
A.S. Jat ◽  
H.D. Choudhary ◽  
T. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Elevated Co2 And Temperature

The most important factor that affects the crop production in terms of nutritional content of foliar plants is the global climate change. Herbivore’s growth, development, survival and geographical distribution all are determined by elevated CO2 and temperature. The interactions between herbivores and plants have changed due to increasing level of CO2 and temperature. The effect of high CO2 and temperature on grain legume plant which change in to plant physiology (e.g., nutritional content, foliage biomass) and how it change in herbivory metabolism rate and food consumption rate. Plant injury is determined by two factors viz. resistance and tolerance and both are influenced by greater CO2 and temperature. Legumes are an important source of food and feed in the form of proteins and also improve the soil environment. The repercussions of the abiotic factors mentioned above needs discussion among the scientific community. We may able to limit the negative repercussions of stated factors in future breeding projects by harnessing the practical favourable impacts and by including such influences of elevated CO2 and temperature on pulses productivity. The extensive research is necessary to overcome the negative effects of high CO2 and temperature on insect-plant interaction.

Influence of Abiotic Factors on Population Dynamics of Major Insect Pests of Mulberry

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 215-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.K. Rahmathull ◽  
K. Sathyanara ◽  
B.S. Angadi
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Abiotic Factors

scholarly journals Major Lessons From Large-Scale Trap Cropping Demonstrations for Pest Reduction in Vegetables

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayanava Majumdar ◽  
Matthew Price
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Trap Crops ◽  
Trap Cropping ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Participatory Research Approach

Abstract Vegetable production in the Southeast is always at high risk from insect pests. Alternative integrated pest management (IPM) systems have to be effective in small plot as well as at the farming scale. This article explores the recent studies on large-scale trap crops using single or multiple cultivars and innovative layouts for long-term pest reduction. Trap crops must be planned carefully under high pest pressure and drought conditions along with an insecticide use strategy that minimizes external inputs and conserves natural enemies. Through participatory research approach, trap crop systems continue to evolve into practical solutions for the vegetable producers.

scholarly journals Variation in Morphological and Quality Parameters in Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Bulb Influenced by Different Photoperiod, Temperature, Sowing and Harvesting Time

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jawaad Atif ◽  
Bakht Amin ◽  
Muhammad Imran Ghani ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Zhihui Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Bulb Formation ◽  
Garlic Bulb ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Higher Temperature

Photoperiod (light) and temperature as abiotic factors having significant impact on the garlic bulb morphology and quality. In various bulb plants including garlic, bulbing is affected by photoperiod, temperature, sowing date and the plant age. In this backdrop experiments were performed to understand the effect of different photoperiods (10 h/14 h, 12 h/12 h and 14 h/10 h (light/dark)), temperatures (25 °C/18 °C and 30 °C/20 °C (light/dark)), sowing dates (D0801: 1st August, D0901: 1st September and D1001: 1st October) and plant ages (A80, A60 and A40: 80, 60 and 40 days after planting) on garlic cultivars viz; G103, G024 and G2011-5. Parameters including morphological (plant height, fresh weight and pseudostem diameter), bulb attributes (diameter, weight, height and bulbing index), growth period and bulb quality related traits (total soluble solid (TSS), contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar, total sugar, glucose, sucrose, fructose, starch, total phenol and total flavonoid) were assayed. Longer photoperiod (14 h), higher temperature (30 °C), early sowing (D0801) and maximum plant age (A80) had maximum morphological and bulb quality related traits for cv. G103. These results showed that early sowing, maximum plant age, longer photoperiod and higher temperature are important for garlic bulb formation and quality. Moreover, the regulation of garlic bulb morphology and quality is achievable over the switch of sowing date, plant age, light and growth temperature.

Studies on the sowing date of cotton in the Sudan Gezira: II. The relationship between sowing date of cotton and the incidence of insect pests

1967 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Razoux Schultz ◽  
J. E. Jackson ◽  
R. C. Faulkner
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Factorial Experiments ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sudan Gezira

In factorial experiments covering a range of sowing dates and insecticide treatments the numbers of fleabeetle, jassid and whitefly on cotton in the Sudan Gezira were shown to be strongly influenced by the date of sowing and the age of the crop.Attack by fleabeetle was most severe on cotton seedlings from July and early August sowings. Few fleabeetle were found on either more mature plants from these sowing dates or on seedlings from later sown cotton.Whitefly numbers were highest on late July and early August sown cotton. Peak numbers were attained attained in late September and October and then fell to very low levels in November irrespective of date of sowing.Jassid numbers were related both to plant age and to time of year, more being found on cotton sown, in July and early August early in the season and on later sown cotton later in the season. The highest numbers were found in November and December at which time populations were higher on cotton sown in mid-August or later than on earlier sown cotton.

scholarly journals Integrated pest management: the push–pull approach for controlling insect pests and weeds of cereals, and its potential for other agricultural systems including animal husbandry

2007 ◽  
Vol 363 (1491) ◽  
pp. 611-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Hassanali ◽  
Hans Herren ◽  
Zeyaur R Khan ◽  
John A Pickett ◽  
Christine M Woodcock
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Subsistence Farming ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Trap Crops ◽  
Pull System ◽  
Trap Cropping ◽  
Pull Control

This paper describes the ‘push–pull’ or ‘stimulo-deterrent diversionary’ strategy in relation to current and potential examples from our own experiences. The push–pull effect is established by exploiting semiochemicals to repel insect pests from the crop (‘push’) and to attract them into trap crops (‘pull’). The systems exemplified here have been developed for subsistence farming in Africa and delivery of the semiochemicals is entirely by companion cropping, i.e. intercropping for the push and trap cropping for the pull. The main target was a series of lepidopterous pests attacking maize and other cereals. Although the area given to the cereal crop itself is reduced under the push–pull system, higher yields are produced per unit area. An important spin-off from the project is that the companion crops are valuable forage for farm animals. Leguminous intercrops also provide advantages with regard to plant nutrition and some of the trap crops help with water retention and in reducing land erosion. A major benefit is that certain intercrop plants provide dramatic control of the African witchweed (striga). Animal husbandry forms an essential part of intensive subsistence agriculture in Africa and developments using analogous push–pull control strategies for insect pests of cattle are exemplified.

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