scholarly journals Parasitic contamination of fresh vegetables sold in open markets: a public health threat

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Khan ◽  
N. Rafiq ◽  
M. A. Nawaz ◽  
M. Kabir ◽  
Z. Ur R. Farooqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
P Value ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Concentration Method ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Education Status ◽  
Beef Tapeworm ◽  
Large Round

Abstract Vegetables eating raw are a leading source of transmission of infective forms of pathogenic internal parasites among human beings. This research was conducted from April to October, 2017 to assess the parasitic contamination of vegetables sold at main vegetable markets in districts Lower Dir and Peshawar, Pakistan. Eight hundred specimens of different vegetables were purchased and soaked in physiological saline solution, shaken with a mechanical shaker for 20 minutes and processed by sedimentation concentration method. Results revealed that only 19.7% (n=158/800) of the vegetables were found to be contaminated with single or multiple parasite species. Ascaris lumbricoides (the large round worm) 12.3% (n=99/800) was the most commonly detected pathogen and Taenia saginata (the beef tapeworm) 1.62% (n=13/800) was the least frequently detected one. Interestingly, significant p value (p>0.05 at 95%CI) between the number of examined and contaminated for all the variables studied including education status of the vendors, markets location, type of vegetables, means of display, washed before display, washing source of water and market type. The findings of this study evidenced that consumption of raw vegetables possesses great risk of getting parasitic infections in Lower Dir and Peshawar districts, Pakistan. Instructing the sellers and the public about parasitic disease transfer and their hygiene can reduce the infection rate of parasites of human origin.

scholarly journals Evaluation of vegetables grown in dry mountainous regions for soil transmitted helminths contamination

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Khan ◽  
N. Khatoon ◽  
S. Arshad ◽  
O. B. Mohammed ◽  
S. Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
P Value ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Hook Worm

Abstract Infection caused by geo-helminth parasites are called geohelminthiasis are one of the global health problems. Vegetables eaten raw is the principal source of transmission of geo-helminth parasites. Pakistani people believe that eating raw vegetables are a significant source to get important vitamins and minerals. Based on the high incidence of pathogenic parasites and cultivating different vegetable types in the study areas, we conducted this study to evaluate the geo-helminth contamination of raw vegetables in northwest Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This is a descriptive study comprised, 1942 samples of 25 various types of vegetables. The samples were examined in physiological saline solution using sedimentation and centrifugation methods. The findings were analyzed by Graph-Pad version 5. P value less than 0.05 (95% CI) was considered significant. Results showed that 16.5% (n=322) of all vegetables were contaminated with one or more type of geo-helminth parasites. Garlic was the highest (35%) and cauliflower the lowest (4%) contaminated samples respectively. Ascaris lumbricoides was the most common geo-helminth found followed by hook worm species while Trichuris trichura was the least in all the vegetable samples. Leafy vegetables were highly contaminated 25.3% than vegetables with root parts 21.2% and fruity 9.09%. More than half of the contaminated vegetables were contaminated with single species of geo-helminth (P<0.05) while less than half with multiple types of geo-helminth contamination. Ninety two vegetables samples were contaminated with 2 species of parasites (P<0.05) and 45 with 3 (P>0.05) species of geo-helminth parasites. Education level of vendors and means of display were not significantly associated while types of vegetable used were significantly associated with the prevalence of parasites. The findings of this study provide evidence that consumption of raw vegetable has a high risk of acquiring geo-helminth infections. The authors believe that preventing the human to enter to the vegetable farmland for defecation, avoiding the irrigation of agricultural fields via night soil, and educating the people on proper washing and cooking of vegetables may be useful in reducing parasitic infections.

scholarly journals Enteroparásitos en estudiantes de la Escuela Nacional Leoncio Quintana, municipio Maracaibo, Venezuela

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Ellen Acurero de Yamarte ◽  
Rossangelica Barrios ◽  
Luis Bellido ◽  
Jhonkeyler Rojo ◽  
Miguel Arteaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Concentration Method ◽  
Intestinal Parasitosis ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Blastocystis Sp

  Para determinar la prevalencia de parasitosis intestinales en escolares de la Escuela Nacional Leoncio Quintana del municipio Maracaibo, Venezuela, se analizaron 69 muestras fecales de ambos sexos, con edades comprendidas entre 6 y 12 años de edad. A cada espécimen fecal se le realizó examen coproparasitológico directo con disolución salina fisiológica al 0,85 %, coloración temporal de lugol y método de concentración de Ritchie. Se observó una prevalencia general de escolares parasitados de un 59,4 % encontrándose predominio del monoparasitismo en un 58,5 %. En cuanto al grupo de edades el estrato de 11 años presentó 8 casos (40,94 %) de parasitados. La prueba Chi-cuadrado resultó significativa para las variables parasitismo y edad. Sin embargo, al relacionar las variables parasitismo y sexo no hubo dependencia. Las principales especies de protozoarios y helmintos encontradas fueron: Entamoeba coli 24,39 %, Endolimax nana 21,95 %, Trichuris trichiura 21,95 %, Ascaris lumbricoides 7,31 % y la especie más prevalente resultó el chromista Blastocystis sp. con 75,61 %. La alta prevalencia de parasitosis intestinales sugiere un patrón de transmisión directa entre la población estudiada o a través del consumo de agua o alimentos contaminados fecalmente. Se plantea la necesidad de evaluar el comportamiento en la higiene alimentaria y abastecimiento de agua.   Palabras clave: Prevalencia, parasitosis, escolares, monoparasitismo, Blastocystis sp.   Abstract To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in school children of the Leoncio Quintana National School in municipality of Maracaibo, Venezuela, 69 fecal samples of both sexes were analyzed, with ages ranging from 6 to 12 years of age. Each fecal specimen was subjected to direct coproparasitological examination with 0.85 % physiological saline solution, temporary coloration of lugol and Ritchie concentration method. A general prevalence of parasitized school children was observed of 59.4%, with monoparasitism predominating in 58.5 %. Regarding the age group, the stratum of 11 years presented 8 cases (40.94 %) of parasitized. The Chi-square was significant for the variables parasitism and age. However, when relating the variables parasitism and sex there was no dependence. The main species of protozoa and helminths found were: Entamoeba coli 24.39 %, Endolimax nana 21.95 %, Trichuris trichiura 21.95 %, Ascaris lumbricoides 7.31 % and the most prevalent species was the chromista Blastocystis sp. with 75.61 %. The high prevalence of intestinal parasitosis suggests a pattern of direct transmission between the studied population or through the consumption of water and/or fecally contaminated food. There is a need to evaluate the behavior in food hygiene and water supply.   Key words: Prevalence, parasitosis, school children, monoparasitis, Blastocystis sp.

Sem Studies of Co-Cr-Mo Surgical Implant Alloy Corrosion Behavior

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 520-521
Author(s):  
Ann Chidester Van Orden ◽  
John L. Chidester ◽  
Anna C. Fraker ◽  
Pei Sung
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Anodic Polarization ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Saturated Calomel Electrode ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Scanning Electron

The influence of small variations in the composition on the corrosion behavior of Co-Cr-Mo alloys has been studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), and electrochemical measurements. SEM and EDX data were correlated with data from in vitro corrosion measurements involving repassivation and also potentiostatic anodic polarization measurements. Specimens studied included the four alloys shown in Table 1. Corrosion tests were conducted in Hanks' physiological saline solution which has a pH of 7.4 and was held at a temperature of 37°C. Specimens were mechanically polished to a surface finish with 0.05 µm A1203, then exposed to the solution and anodically polarized at a rate of 0.006 v/min. All voltages were measured vs. the saturated calomel electrode (s.c.e.).. Specimens had breakdown potentials near 0.47V vs. s.c.e.

Erythrophagocytosis by Entamoeba histolytica.- Ultrastructural Study

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 156-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norberto Treviño ◽  
Alfredo Feria-Velasco ◽  
I. Ruiz de Chávez
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Axenic Conditions

Although erythrophagocytosis by various species of Entamoeba is a well known phenomenon this has not yet been studied in detail at the ultrastructural level. The present work deals with the description of the incorporation process of erythrocytes by trophozoites of E. histolytica. For this study, trophozoites of E. histolytica, HK-9:NIH strain cultured in axenic conditions and washed human erythrocytes were placed on a hot plate at 37°C in physiological saline solution. After 5 minutes, 2.5% glutarldehyde was added and the samples were processed according to conventional techniques for electron microscopy.Based upon light microscopy studies on living trophozoites in contact with erythrocytes, it seems that erythrophagocytosis only takes place in one pole of the parasite.

Resection of bone by sagittal saw: Investigation of effects of blade speed, feed rate, and irrigation on temperature rise

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192199948
Author(s):  
Ehsan Shakouri ◽  
Pezhman Ghorbani ◽  
Pedram Pourheidari ◽  
Saeed Fotuhi
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
The State ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Allowable Range ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Saw Blade ◽  
Oscillation Rate

Heat generation during bone cutting by sagittal saw may lead to temperature rise and possible incidence of thermal necrosis. The aim of the present research is to examine the effect of saw blade oscillation rate, blade feed rate, and irrigation by physiological saline solution on the bone temperature rise during sawing in order to determine the desired conditions for reducing the extent of thermal damage. For this purpose, empirical tests of bovine femur cutting were performed in 15 states, including five levels for the blade oscillation rate (10,000–18,000 cpm with 2000 cpm intervals) and three levels for the feed rate (10–30 mm.min−1 with 10 mm.min−1 intervals) for dry conditions; and five states, including five levels for the blade oscillation rate (10,000–18,000 cpm with 2000 cpm intervals) and one level in feed rate of 20 mm.min−1 for the irrigation conditions. The results indicated that the bone temperature rise had a direct relationship with the blade oscillation rate and an inverse relationship with its feed rate. In the state of no cooling, the minimum temperature rise (Δ T = 65.45°C) occurred at the blade speed of 10,000 cpm and feed rate of 30 mm.min−1, while in the state of sawing with irrigation, the temperature rise almost did not exceed the allowable range (Δ T ≤ 10°C). The results suggested that to lower the possibility of incidence of osteonecrosis in the bone resection by sagittal saw, cooling with physiological saline solution or application of the minimum blade oscillation rate and maximum feed rate is recommended.

scholarly journals A Study of the Diverse Races of Entamoeba histolytica distinguishable from one another by the dimensions of their Cysts

Parasitology ◽  
1918 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford Dobell ◽  
Margaret W. Jepps
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
E Coli ◽  
True Value ◽  
Apparent Loss ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Apparent Reduction ◽  
Pure Lines

1. Entamoeba histolytica Schaudinn (vel E. dysenteriae Councilman and Lafleur), the human dysentery amoeba, is a collective species. It comprises a number of distinct races, strains, or pure lines, distinguishable from one another by the size of the cysts which they produce.2. How many such distinct races exist is still undetermined; but we have demonstrated the existence of at least five.3. There is no evidence that the different races differ in their geographical distribution, or in any character save size.4. These races remain constant in character within a given host; and the dimensions of the cysts are not determined by the action of the host upon the parasite, since two different races may coexist side by side in the same host.5. Different values for the dimensions of the cysts are obtained when these are measured in different media. Taking the measurements of living cysts suspended in physiological saline solution as representing the true value, we find that the dimensions of cysts in iodine solution are approximately the same; but that cysts which have been suitably fixed, stained, and mounted in balsam, have undergone an apparent reduction of approximately 10% from the true diameter.6. The most suitable fixative for E. histolytica cysts we have found to be a modification of Schaudinn's fluid. (Saturated aqueous solution of corrosive sublimate, two parts; absolute alcohol, one part; glacial acetic acid, 4–5%.) Cysts fixed in this fluid undergo no measurable shrinkage or swelling in the process.7. The apparent loss of size observed in cysts which have been fixed, stained, and mounted in balsam, is due chiefly to the invisibility of the cyst wall in the mounting medium.8. It follows from what has been said above (5 and 6) that to obtain an approximately true value for the dimensions of the living cysts from measurements made upon those suitably fixed, stained, and mounted in balsam, these measurements should be multiplied by the factor 9. We find no evidence of the existence of a sexual dimorphism in the cysts belonging to a single race, such as has been described by Mathis and Mercier.10. Since cysts of E. histolytica may be found with all diameters from about 5μ. to about 20μ—a range overlapping or covering the dimensions of the cysts of the two common harmless intestinal amoebae of man (E. coli and E. nana) and of other cysts and cyst-like bodies occurring in human faeces—it is of considerable practical importance to recognize and distinguish the diverse races of E. histolytica which differ from one another in the dimensions of the cysts which they produce.

On intravenous infusions for blood loss

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-350
Author(s):  
N. D. Perumov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Physiological Solution ◽  
Single Infusion ◽  
Intravenous Infusions ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution

The author believes that the infusion of gummy-arabic solution and the drip method of intravenous infusions of physiological saline solution are approximately equivalent and superior to a simple single infusion of physiological solution.

scholarly journals Randomized clinical trial comparing spinal anesthesia with local anesthesia with sedation for loop colostomy closure

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rone Antônio Alves de Abreu ◽  
Filinto Anibal Alagia Vaz ◽  
Ricardo Laurino ◽  
Manlio Basilio Speranzini ◽  
Luís Cesar Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Loop Colostomy ◽  
Colostomy Closure ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Spinal Anesthesia Group ◽  
Length Of Hospitalization

CONTEXT: Recent studies have shown that local anesthesia for loop colostomy closure is as safe as spinal anesthesia for this procedure. OBJECTIVES: Randomized clinical trial to compare the results from these two techniques. METHODS: Fifty patients were randomized for loop colostomy closure using spinal anesthesia (n = 25) and using local anesthesia (n = 25). Preoperatively, the bowel was evaluated by means of colonoscopy, and bowel preparation was performed with 10% oral mannitol solution and physiological saline solution for lavage through the distal colostomy orifice. All patients were given prophylactic antibiotics (cefoxitin). Pain, analgesia, reestablishment of peristaltism or peristalsis, diet reintroduction, length of hospitalization and rehospitalization were analyzed postoperatively. RESULTS: Surgery duration and local complications were greater in the spinal anesthesia group. Conversion to general anesthesia occurred only with spinal anesthesia. There was no difference in intraoperative pain between the groups, but postoperative pain, reestablishment of peristaltism or peristalsis, diet reintroduction and length of hospitalization were lower with local anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: Local anesthesia plus sedation offers a safer and more effective method than spinal anesthesia for loop colostomy closure.

Length-tension relationship of vascular smooth muscle in single arterioles

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (3) ◽  
pp. H630-H640 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Davis ◽  
R. W. Gore
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Wall Stress ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Intraluminal Pressure ◽  
Cheek Pouch ◽  
Hamster Cheek Pouch ◽  
Longitudinal Response ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Relationship Of

Longitudinal response gradients in the microcirculation may in part be explained in terms of the length-tension relationship of vascular smooth muscle at different points along the vascular tree. To test this hypothesis, four branching orders of arterial vessels (20-80 microns ID) were dissected from the hamster cheek pouch and cannulated with concentric micropipettes. Intraluminal pressure was monitored with a servo-null micropipette, and arteriolar dimensions were measured using a videomicrometer. All arterioles developed spontaneous tone in physiological saline solution. Pressure-diameter curves were recorded for maximally activated vessels and for passive vessels. Maximal active wall tension varied nearly threefold, but maximal active medial wall stress (approximately 4 x 10(6) dyn/cm2) varied only approximately 20% between the different vessel orders. These data support the concept that smooth muscle cells from vessels of different sizes are mechanically similar but do not completely explain the longitudinal response gradients reported in the cheek pouch microcirculation. An analysis of the effect of arteriolar wall buckling suggests that the luminal folds that develop at short vessel radii may broaden the peak of the active stress-length curve and extend the pressure range over which arterioles are most sensitive to physical and chemical stimuli.

Tonic regulation of vascular tone by nitric oxide and chloride ions in rat isolated small coronary arteries

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (6) ◽  
pp. H2604-H2611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan E. Graves ◽  
Iain A. Greenwood ◽  
William A. Large
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Bathing Solution ◽  
Contractile Mechanism ◽  
Mechanical Removal ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution

We have investigated the involvement of Cl− in regulating vascular tone in rat isolated coronary arteries mounted on a small vessel myograph. Mechanical removal of the endothelium or inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase with N ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, 10−4 M) led to contraction of rat coronary arteries, and these contractions were sensitive to nicardipine (10−6 M). This suggests that release of NO tonically inhibits a contractile mechanism that involves voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. In arteries contracted withl-NAME, switching the bathing solution to physiological saline solution with a reduced Cl− concentration potentiated the contraction. DIDS (5 × 10−6–3 × 10−4 M) caused relaxation of l-NAME-induced tension (IC50 = 55 ± 10 μM), providing evidence for a role of Cl−. SITS (10−5–5 × 10−4 M) did not affectl-NAME-induced tension, suggesting that DIDS is not acting by inhibition of anion exchange. Mechanical removal of the endothelium led to contraction of arteries, which was sensitive to DIDS (IC50 = 50 ± 8 μM) and was not affected by SITS. This study suggests that, in rat coronary arteries, NO tonically suppresses a contractile mechanism that involves a Cl−conductance.

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