scholarly journals Diet of two syntopic species of Crenuchidae (Ostariophysi: Characiformes) in an Amazonian rocky stream

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Fernandes ◽  
Rafael Pereira Leitão ◽  
Eurizângela Pereira Dary ◽  
Ana Isabel Camacho Guerreiro ◽  
Jansen Zuanon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Diet Overlap ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Taxonomic Level ◽  
Genus Level ◽  
The Family ◽  
Feeding Plasticity

Abstract This study assessed the diet of two poorly known syntopic fish species of the family Crenuchidae, Characidium aff. declivirostre and Leptocharacidium omospilus, in a Presidente Figueiredo´ rocky stream, Amazonas, Brazil. The stomach contents were analyzed and their Frequency of Occurrence (FO %) and Relative Volume (Vol %) were combined in a Feeding Index (IAi). We examined 20 individuals of C. aff. declivirostre and 23 of L. omospilus. The Morisita-Horn Index was used to estimate the overlap between the diets of these species. Immature insects were the most valuable items consumed by both fish species. The diet of C. aff. declivirostre was mainly composed of larvae and pupae of Chironomidae, while L. omospilus predominantly consumed larvae of Hydroptilidae, Hydropyschidae and Pyralidae. Thus, both species were classified as autochthonous insectivorous. Characidium aff. declivirostre was considered a more specialized species, probably reflecting lower feeding plasticity or the use of more restricted microhabitats compared to L. omospilus. When the food items were analyzed at the family taxonomic level, the diet overlap between these species was considered moderate (Morisita-Horn Index = 0.4). However, a more thorough analysis, at the genus level, indicates a very low diet overlap. Therefore, we conclude that the feeding segregation between C. aff. declivirostre and L. omospilus may favor their co-existence, despite their high phylogenetic closeness.

scholarly journals Curculionids in the diet of the white-quilled korhaan: more than just food?

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
O. B. Kok ◽  
S.v.d. M. Louw ◽  
A. C. Kok
Keyword(s):  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Accessory Function ◽  
The Family ◽  
Northern Cape ◽  
Relative Hardness ◽  
Mixed Feeder ◽  
Prey Items

Analyses of 326 white-quilled korhaan (Eupodotis afraoides) stomach contents collected in the Free State and Northern Cape over a period of 20 years (1984-2004) showed this species to be a mixed feeder concentrating mainly on insects. Based on dry mass prey items of the Isoptera and Coleoptera form the bulk of the diet. According to frequency of occurrence coleopterans, more specifically members of the family Curculionidae, are utilised most often. Indications are that the curculionids, owing to their size and relative hardness of the exoskeleton, fulfil an accessory function with regard to the physical breakdown of coarse food items in the muscular stomach.

Significance of Detritus or Detritus-Associated Invertebrates to Fish Production in a New Impoundment

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1799-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald S. Cherry ◽  
Rufus K. Guthrie
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Animal Food ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio

During early stages of succession in a new impoundment, fish species that could assimilate the readily available food resources, i.e. carp (Cyprinus carpio) and flat bullhead (Ictalurus platycephalus) were initially favored in numbers and weight. Detrital feeders or omnivores represented by carp and the flat bullhead comprised a majority of the numbers (56%) and weight (65%) of the 25 species captured during a 2-yr period. Numbers of the major fish groups captured decreased from 1971 to 1972, while the weight per species increased.On a volumetric basis, detritus and detritus-associated invertebrates (coleopterans and dipterans), were the major food items consumed by carp and catfish. Relative abundance of animal food items, in terms of frequency of occurrence and percentage of stomach contents, was greater at warmer water temperatures. In comparison to other species, catfish contained the greatest diversity of food items during warmer months and consumed larger quantities of detritus in the winter. Fish groups that constituted a smaller biomass, such as centrarchids, were generally insectivorous or fed upon cladocerans and copepods, while adult basses (Micropterus salmoides and M. coosae) and chain pickerel (Esox niger) were piscivorous.

scholarly journals Variation of Food items in the Stomach Contents of two Mullets, Chelon subviridis and Valamugil buchanani, from Merbok Estuary, Kedah, Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-220
Author(s):  
Kaniz Fatema ◽  
Wan Maznah Wan Omar ◽  
Mansor Mat Isa
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Merbok Estuary ◽  
Monthly Variations

This study was conducted in Merbok estuary, Kedah, Malaysia during January to December 2011 to assess monthly and seasonal variation in food items in the stomach of Chelon subviridis and Valamugil buchanani. A total of 341 fish samples (225 for Chelon subviridis and 116 for Valamugil buchanani) were collected from upper zone (Lalang and Sameling Rivers) of Merbok estuary. Among the stomach contents plant materials, diatom, cyanobacteria and detritus were the main food items in both fish species. In both fishes the highest numbers of food items were found in the month of November. Chelon subviridis consumed plant materials 65.84% by number and 8.55% by frequency of occurrence in the dry season whereas 66.25% by number and 9.73% by frequency of occurrence in the wet season. On the other hand, Valamugil buchanani consumed plant materials 59.54% by number and 12.28% by frequency of occurrence in the dry season whereas 72.89% by number and 11.96% by frequency of occurrence in the wet season respectively. Monthly variations of diatom as food item between C. subviridis and V. buchanani were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Both of the fish species consumed more food (by numerical method) in wet season than dry season.Bangladesh J. Zool. 43(2): 213-220, 2015

scholarly journals Seasonal feeding plasticity can facilitate coexistence of dominant omnivores in Neotropical streams

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayara P. Neves ◽  
Pavel Kratina ◽  
Rosilene L. Delariva ◽  
J. Iwan Jones ◽  
Clarice B. Fialho
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Diet Overlap ◽  
Isotopic Niche ◽  
Neotropical Streams ◽  
Feeding Plasticity ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCoexistence of ecomorphologically similar species in diverse Neotropical ecosystems has been a focus of long-term debate among ecologists and evolutionary biologists. Such coexistence can be promoted by trophic plasticity and seasonal changes in omnivorous feeding. We combined stomach content and stable isotope analyses to determine how seasonal variation in resource availability influences the consumption and assimilation of resources by two syntopic fish species, Psalidodon aff. gymnodontus and P. bifasciatus, in the Lower Iguaçu basin. We also tested the impact of seasonality on trophic niche breadth and diet overlap of these two dominant omnivores. Seasonal changes in resource availability strongly influenced the consumption and assimilation of resources by the two fish species. Both species exhibited high levels of omnivory, characterized by high diversity of allochthonous resources in the wet season. Terrestrial invertebrates were the main component of diet during this season. However, in the dry season, both species reduced their isotopic niches, indicating diet specialization. High diet overlap was observed in both seasons, but the isotopic niche overlap was smaller in the dry season. Substantial reduction in the isotopic niche of P. bifascistus and a shift toward aquatic invertebrates can facilitate coexistence during this season of resource shortage. Feeding plasticity allows omnivorous fish to adjust their trophic niches according to seasonality, promoting the exploitation of different resources during periods of greater resource diversity. This seasonal variation could be an important mechanism that contributes to the resource partitioning and coexistence of dominant omnivores in Neotropical streams.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation on diet of juvenile Elops saurus Linnaeus, 1766 (Ladyfish) in the Parnaiba River Delta

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiane Araujo Santos ◽  
Thamires Souza Gonçalves ◽  
Patricia Silva do Nascimento ◽  
Cézar Augusto Freire Fernandes ◽  
Francisca Edna de Andrade Cunha
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Importance Index

Abstract: Aim Identify seasonal variations in the diet of juvenile living in the estuary of the Parnaíba River Delta. Methods Food items were identified through analysis of stomach contents, and later submitted to analysis by regular methods for Frequency of Occurrence (FO), Frequency Numerical (FN), Gravimetric Frequency (FW) and Relative Importance Index (IRI). Results Juvenile diet of Elops saurus that inhabit the lagoons in the Parnaíba delta was composed in order decreasing of importance by Osteichthyes (Teleostei), Insecta and Crustacea in addition to Polychaeta and Nematoda. It was also observed a high frequency of occurrence of fragments of plastics in the diet. In the rainy season, 17 items were recorded in the diet, whereas in the dry season only 7 items were present. Relative Importance Index showed high presence of the Teleostei fish (69.93%) on diet of E. saurus during the rainy season, whereas during the dry period the insects of the families Corixidae (43.25%) and Dysticidae (39.16%). Conclusions With the study it was possible to identify that juvenile are piscivorous in the rainy season when there is a higher availability of prey in the environment and insectivores in the dry season when it reduces the supply of food, indicating feeding flexibility to environmental alterations.

Diet of crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) in two conservation units of the Amazon rainforest, Brazil

2024 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Dutra-Vieira ◽  
M. S. Silva ◽  
G. S. Vieira ◽  
A. S. Carvalho ◽  
B. C. Schimming
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Amazon Rainforest ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Cerdocyon Thous

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the diet of the free-living crab-eating fox by identifying the stomach contents of the 17 crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) roadkilled in two conservation units, both located in the Amazon rainforest. The food items were quantified by frequency of occurrence (FO) and percentage of occurrence (PO). The stomach contents were analysed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), ether extract (EE), and mineral matter (MM). Nitrogen-free extractives (NFE), metabolisable energy (ME) values, as well as the energy need for maintenance were estimated. The composition of the diet for the crab-eating fox presented 29 food items from the different taxonomic groups, with a greater diversity of items of animal origin (n=22), although the highest frequency of occurrence was gramineae (Poaceae) (41.18%). Among the items of animal origin, 21% were mammals, 18% reptiles, 10% amphibians, 9% invertebrates and 3% birds. A high content of CF (62.76%) were determined. Nitrogen-free extractive and dry matter averages were 5.91% and 141.82 kcal/100g, respectively. The average maintenance energy was 447.01 kcal/day. These findings suggesting that the crab-eating foxes have a generalist diet with an omnivorous diet in the Amazon basin, feeding on gramineae, fruits, insects, snakes, amphibians, birds and small mammals and have the same feeding habit that present in other Brazilian biomes.

scholarly journals Food Resource Utilization by Five Species of Benthic Feeding Fish in Passamaquoddy Bay, New Brunswick

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1534-1546 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stevenson Macdonald ◽  
Roger H. Green
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Diet Overlap ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Benthic Composition

Feeding relationships of various fish species, and their relationship to the composition of the surrounding sediments, were observed for 1 yr at two sites in the lower Bay of Fundy region. The fishes were the ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus, Zoarcidae), winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus, Pleuronectidae), plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides, Pleuronectidae), cod (Gadus morhua, Gadidae), and witch flounder (Glyptocephalus cynoglossus, Pleuronectidae). After reducing the size of the data matrix by removing redundant variables, we used discriminant function analysis to assess interspecific diet overlap and the degree to which stomach contents reflect benthic composition. Variables were ranked by their power to discriminate in pairwise comparisons among fish species and between a given fish species and benthic grab samples. Many amphipods are utilized to an equal or greater extent than their abundances in the sediments would suggest. Many annelids are underutilized. Predation by each fish species was a selective process, and interspecific diet differences are related to the morphology of the predator and the behavior and microhabitat of the prey. The fishes diets, however, are also correlated with spatial and temporal changes in the benthic composition. Specific examples are presented. As benthic food abundance increased in the surrounding sediments all predator species increased their food consumption and interspecific diet overlap declined. In some cases the degree of exploitation depended upon the size rather than the abundance of the prey item.

scholarly journals Diversity of ants and mites in the diet of the Brazilian frog Chiasmocleis leucosticta (Anura: Microhylidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana S. Lopes ◽  
Ricardo S. Bovendorp ◽  
Gilberto José de Moraes ◽  
Alexandre Reis Percequillo ◽  
Jaime Bertoluci
Keyword(s):  
Diet Composition ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Prey Category ◽  
Food Items ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract We describe here the diet of the microhylid frog Chiasmocleis leucosticta based on the stomach contents of 72 individuals (47 males and 25 females) collected in pitfall traps at the Reserva Florestal de Morro Grande, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. We identified 1,981 food items distributed in 13 prey categories of arthropods, mainly ants, mites and collembolans. Formicidae was the most abundant and frequent prey category, including 16 genera from seven subfamilies, and data on ant availability in the habitat suggest that C. leucosticta selects ants actively. The second main prey category was Acari, predominantly represented by mites of the suborder Oribatida. This is the first work identifying mites to the family level in the diet of a Microhylidae. There was no statistical difference between males and females regarding diet composition.

scholarly journals Diet of two serrasalmin species, Pygocentrus piraya and Serrasalmus brandtii (Teleostei: Characidae), along a stretch of the rio de Contas, Bahia, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Emília de Jesus Trindade ◽  
Ricardo Jucá-Chagas
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Gill Nets ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Feeding Plasticity

Serrasalmus brandtii and Pygocentrus piraya are two common piranha species in the Barragem da Pedra Reservoir, rio de Contas. In order to identify the diet composition of the two species, monthly collections were performed at three sites between May 2001 and April 2003, using two gill nets of different mesh sizes cast at the beginning of the day and visited after 6, 12 and 24 h. The qualitative composition of the diet was analyzed by determining the frequency of occurrence. Comparison of the two species showed a higher relative abundance of S. brandtii (151) compared to P. piraya (55). The food items most frequently found in the stomachs of the two species were fins, fish and shrimp. Serrasalmus brandtii showed a greater feeding plasticity than P. piraya.

scholarly journals Catfishes as prey items of Potamotrygonid stingrays in the Solimões and Negro rivers, Brazilian Amazon

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 376-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akemi Shibuya ◽  
Jansen Zuanon
Keyword(s):  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Regional Diversity ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Negro River ◽  
Prey Items ◽  
Solimões River

In spite of the fact that catfish have rarely been reported as food items in the diets of freshwater stingrays, they are commonly observed in the stomach contents of species inhabiting the Solimões and Negro rivers in the Brazilian Amazon. The stomach contents of six rays from the Solimões River and 64 from the Negro River were analyzed, and catfishes (distributed among the families Callichthyidae, Cetopsidae, Doradidae and Loricariidae) were found in the stomach contents of four and 10 of these rays, respectively, comprising a frequency of occurrence of 20%. These data indicate a relevant participation of catfishes in the diets of potamotrygonid rays in the Amazon, and may reflect the regional diversity and abundance of Siluriformes in the region.

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