scholarly journals Vitiligo in equine: a four-year case study of a roan horse ˗ case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-196
Author(s):  
J.H. Fonteque ◽  
T.C. Valente ◽  
G.M. Avila ◽  
T.G. Cristo ◽  
L.M.A. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Dermatological Disease ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Treatment Alternatives ◽  
Over Time ◽  
New Skin

ABSTRACT Vitiligo is a dermatological disease affecting both animals and humans. It is characterized by depigmented macules of varying shape and size, originated from melanocyte destruction. Even though there are some theories tackling causation, disease etiopathology is not yet certain. Moreover, lesion areas can either increase or diminish over time, and therefore, available treatment alternatives tend to prove inconsistencies. No epidemiological data or registered cases were found for equines in Brazil. The horse in this case description displayed depigmentation areas in facial regions, including upper lip, nose and lips. However, the individual did not happen to develop any systemic alteration. Through clinical evaluation, backed by a histopathological exam, a definitive vitiligo diagnosis was obtained. However, no therapeutic plan was stipulated. The animal was accompanied for four years, during which period some affected areas diminished while others increased in size. In addition, emergence of new skin lesions was also observed during the time the animal was studied. Overall, this disease does not display alterations to organism functionality, only aesthetic changes. Therefore, treatment plans may vary from case to case, occasionally being even ruled out.

Assessing the exposure of the built environment to potential ignition sources generated from vegetative fuel

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Beverly ◽  
P. Bothwell ◽  
J. C. R. Conner ◽  
E. P. K. Herd
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Wildland Urban Interface ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Over Time

We assessed the exposure of the built environment to potential ignition sources generated from vegetative fuel for four communities in the province of Alberta, Canada. Ignition processes generated by burning vegetation that were included in the analysis were radiant heat, short-range spotting, and longer-range spotting. Results were used to map the boundaries of the wildland–urban interface and to delineate zones within each community that identify the degree to which these areas represent potential wildfire entry-points into the wildland–urban interface. The assessment method can be used to set priorities for mitigation activities; compare conditions within and between communities and over time; and identify priority areas for time- and resource-intensive site assessments that are often completed for individual structures located in the wildland–urban interface. We compared results among the four case-study communities and demonstrated an application of the approach for evaluating community fuel treatment plans. Factors that influenced the exposure of the built environment to potential ignition sources differed among the communities, which suggested the need for community-specific mitigation strategies. Spatial patterns of areas with elevated ignition exposure reflected not only the amount of ignition-producing vegetation around the built environment, but also the size and arrangement of fuel patches in relation to the unique morphology of the community and the occurrence of occluded interface zones.

The Role of Individuals and Social Capital in POSIX Standardization

2011 ◽  
pp. 66-85
Author(s):  
Jim Isaak
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Common Values ◽  
Corporate Influence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

While standards are issued by organizations, individuals do the actual work, with significant collaboration required to agree on a common standard. This article explores the role of individuals in standards setting as well as the way these individuals are connected to one another through trusting networks and common values. This issue is studied in the context of the IEEE POSIX set of standards, for which the author was actively involved for more than 15 years. This case study demonstrates that the goals and influence of individual participants are not just that of their respective employers but may follow the individual through changes of employment. It also highlights changes in the relative importance of individual and corporate influence in UNIX-related standardization over time. Better understanding of the interaction between individuals and organizations in the context of social capital and standardization can provide both a foundation for related research and more productive participation in these types of forums.

Statistical Models for the Meta-analysis of Nonindependent Data

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerrie Mengersen ◽  
Michael D. Jennions ◽  
Christopher H. Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Models ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Multiple Treatments ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Size Estimates ◽  
Over Time

In many meta-analyses, independence is questionable because there are several effect estimates per study and/or some of the individual studies included in the meta-analysis might not provide independent estimates of the effect. Within-study nonindependence can arise due to multiple measures of the same effect on the same experimental units being made over time, multiple treatments being compared to the same set of control individuals, or different measures being taken (e.g., plant height, dry weight, and photosynthesis rate) from the same experimental units to generate several different effect size estimates. This chapter discusses nonindependence among effect sizes both within and among studies. It focuses on four commonplace situations where nonindependence can occur in ecology and evolution meta-analyses. Each of these four situations is illustrated with a single case study.

Individual intellectual capital versus collective intellectual capital in a meta-organization

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Vale ◽  
Manuel Castelo Branco ◽  
João Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intellectual Assets ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Level Of Analysis ◽  
Over Time

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss and analyse how intellectual capital (IC) is created and deteriorated in a meta-organization by assessing the interdependency between the collective IC of the meta-organization and the individual IC of its members. Design/methodology/approach – A case study conducted in a seaport is adopted to explore how creation or deterioration of IC at one level of analysis affects the IC at the other. Four different illustrations are provided, depicting different instances of articulation between both types of IC. Findings – Evidence suggests that, in a meta-organization, IC appears as a function of both individual and collective IC dimensions. Changes in the meta-organization’s IC or in its members’ IC may have different impacts on each other, generating intellectual assets or intellectual liabilities at both levels. Evidence also suggests that those changes in IC should be analysed in a longitudinal way, since both levels affect each other in different ways over time. Research limitations/implications – Despite the validity of the interpretations provided in the context of the case study, generalization to other situations should be conducted only in a theoretically framed manner. Practical implications – This study provides important strategic and managerial implications for meta-organizations and their members, who are concerned with their performance. Originality/value – Although there have been some efforts to apply the traditional IC methodologies to a bigger scope, such as regions or nations, some meso level empirical contexts are yet far unexplored, such as the case of meta-organizations. Furthermore there is a gap in management sciences’ research on seaports.

Frequency effects over the lifespan: a case study of Attenborough’s r’s

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Community Change ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis paper uses a small-scale case study of the speech of a single speaker at two points in time to investigate the question of whether and how speakers’ mental representations change over their lives. Specifically, I test two predictions of usage-based models of phonological representation: that individuals surrounded by a changing community will show the community change in their own production, and that this individual-level change will show an effect of item frequency. The community change under study is the loss in English Received Pronunciation of [ɾ] as a realization of /ɹ/; the speaker studied is Sir David Attenborough, a well-known British nature documentary narrator. I find that Attenborough’s narrations do not show evidence of him participating in the community change away from [ɾ] over time; however, he does show a different sort of change, by which he increases his rate of [ɾ] in high-frequency collocations in later life. I propose that this result may be attributable to Attenborough’s mental representation of high-frequency collocations becoming more word-like over time. The results speak to questions about the malleability of mental representations and the role of the individual language user in cases of community change.

scholarly journals Gaming New Zealand’s Emergency Department Target: How and Why Did It Vary Over Time and Between Organisations?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Tenbensel ◽  
Peter Jones ◽  
Linda Maree Chalmers ◽  
Shanthi Ameratunga ◽  
Peter Carswell
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Short Stay ◽  
Frontline Staff ◽  
Lengths Of Stay ◽  
Independent Verification ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

Background: Gaming is a potentially dysfunctional consequence of performance measurement and management systems in the health sector and more generally. In 2009, the New Zealand government initiated a Shorter Stays in Emergency Department (SSED) target in which 95% of patients would be admitted, discharged or transferred from an emergency department (ED) within 6 hours. The implementation of similar targets in England led to well-documented practices of gaming. Our research into ED target implementation sought to answer how and why gaming varies over time and between organisations. Methods: We developed a mixed-methods approach. Four organisation case study sites were selected. ED lengths of stay (ED LOS) were collected over a 6-year period (2007-2012) from all sites and indicators of target gaming were developed. Two rounds of surveys with managers and clinicians were conducted. Interviews (n=68) were conducted with clinicians and managers in EDs and the wider hospital in two phases across all sites. The interview data was used to develop explanations of the patterns of variation across time and across sites detected in the ED LOS data. Results: Our research established that gaming behaviour – in the form of ‘clock-stopping’ and decanting patients to short-stay units (SSUs) or observation beds to avoid target breaches – was common across all 4 case study sites. The opportunity to game was due to the absence of independent verification of ED LOS data. Gaming increased significantly over time (2009-2012) as the means to game became more available, usually through the addition or expansion of short-stay facilities attached to EDs. Gaming varied between sites, but those with the highest levels of gaming differed substantially in terms of organisational dynamics and motives. In each case, however, high levels of gaming could be attributed to the strategies of senior management more than to the individual motivations of frontline staff. Conclusion: Gaming of New Zealand’s ED target increased after the real benefits (in terms of process improvement) of the target were achieved. Gaming of ED targets could be minimised by eliminating opportunities to game through independent verification, or by monitoring and limiting the means and motivations to game.

Learning the theory, improving the practice? A case study of award-bearing leadership training among college principals from Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 089202062110332
Author(s):  
Adrian Jarvis ◽  
Simranjeet K. Judge
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Leadership Training ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Professional Development Training ◽  
Bearing Design ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

Award-bearing transnational professional development training has received little attention in the literature. By taking a longitudinal mixed-methods approach, this project's researchers investigated the ways in which participants on a World Bank-funded programme practised leadership at the start of their training, before revisiting them a year later to find out what, if any, changes had resulted. It was discovered that the award-bearing design had been very influential in endowing the participants with concepts that they enthusiastically adopted, but that, over time, the concepts had undergone a process of simplification, largely driven by incongruities between the concepts and the cultural environments to which they had been applied. It is recommended that award-bearing programmes might more readily take into account the individual and contextual circumstances of their participants at the planning stage.

scholarly journals Visualizing narrative patterns in online news media

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 919-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Koivunen-Niemi ◽  
Masood Masoodian
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
User Study ◽  
Online News ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Narrative Patterns ◽  
Illustrative Case Study ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

Abstract News media play an important role in shaping social reality, and their multimedia narrative content, in particular, can have widespread repercussions in the public’s perception of past and present phenomena. Being able to visually track changes in media coverage over time could offer the potential for aiding social change, as well as furthering accountability in journalism. In this paper, we explore how visualizations could be used to examine differences in online media narrative patterns over time and across publications. While there are existing means of visualizing such narrative patterns over time, few address the aspect of co-occurrence of variables in media content. Comparing co-occurrences of variables chronologically can be more useful in identifying patterns and possible biases in media coverage than simply counting the individual occurrences of those variables independently. Here, we present a visualization, called time-sets, which has been designed to support temporal comparisons of such co-occurrences. We also describe an interactive prototype tool we have developed based on time-sets for analysis of multimedia news datasets, using an illustrative case study of news articles published on three online sources over several years. We then report on a user study we have conducted to evaluate the time-sets visualization, and discuss its findings.

Introduction

Ordinary Jews ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny Finkel
Keyword(s):  
Political Process ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Underlying Assumption ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

This book examines the choices and actions of Jews during the Holocaust at the individual and community levels. It considers the survival strategies that the Jewish victims of the Holocaust had to choose from, namely, cooperation and collaboration, coping and compliance, evasion, and resistance. Based on the underlying assumption that genocide is a complicated social and political process that unfolds over time, rather than a one-time event, the book asks what made individual Jews choose particular behavioral strategies, and why the distribution of these strategies varies across localities. To this end, it compares three Jewish ghettos during the Holocaust—those of Minsk, Kraków, and Białystok. This chapter explains why the Holocaust was chosen as the book's main case study, the methodology and data used, and the book's goals, contributions, and limitations.

scholarly journals O processo de aprendizagem organizacional em central cooperativa agroindustrial

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Douglas Royer ◽  
Frederico Fonseca da Silva ◽  
Estanislau Gonçalves Jovtei
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Learning ◽  
Transfer Of Learning ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Organizational Learning Mechanisms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Attention To Detail

To analyzing the process of organizational learning in central agribusiness cooperative in the light of OADI-SMM model, from the perspective of the organization having cooperated as an individual, the study of construct left the following assumptions: understand the main concepts of learning organizational and OADI-SMM model; understand the peculiarities of cooperative organizations in agribusiness and its main features management; understand the process of organizational learning in central agribusiness cooperative, its main engines, agents and moments; analyzing the light of OADI-SMM model the process of learning in the unit of study and possible disruptions in organizational learning. With the interpretation of context and attention to detail and the experiences of respondents, it can be concluded in the study that, over time, the Central Cooperative has developed and strengthened continuously and endemically their organizational learning mechanisms and as a way to cope with the complexity of agribusiness, has been able to promote the exchange of knowledge acquired in adaptations to the environment. The main finding of this case study is that the Central Cooperative can promote the transfer of learning between the individual and the organizational, so we really learn.

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