Ganciclovir attenuates the respiratory disease induced by Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 in rabbits

ABSTRACT: Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) is an important pathogen of horses, associated with respiratory, neurological disease and abortions. As vaccination is not always effective, anti-herpetic therapy may represent an alternative to prevent the losses caused by the infection. We herein investigated the activity of ganciclovir (GCV), an anti-herpetic human drug, in rabbits experimentally infected with EHV-1. Thirty-days-old New Zealand rabbits were allocated in three groups (6 animals each) and submitted to different treatments: G1 (non-infected controls), G2 (inoculated with EHV-1) - 107 TCID50 intranasally - IN) and G3 (inoculated IN with EHV-1 and treated with GCV - 5mg/kg/day for 7 days) and monitored thereafter. All animals of G2 developed systemic signs (moderate to severe apathy, anorexia), ocular discharge and respiratory signs (serous to mucopurulent nasal discharge), including mild to severe respiratory distress. Viremia was detected in all rabbits of G2 for up to 11 days (mean duration = 6.5 days). One animal died after severe respiratory distress and neurological signs (bruxism, opistotonus). In addition, these animals gained less weight than the control (G1) and GCV-treated rabbits (G3) from days 4 to 14pi (p<0.05). The clinical score of rabbits of G2 was statistically higher than the other groups from days 3 to 6pi (p<0.05), demonstrating a more severe disease. In contrast, G3 rabbits did not present systemic signs, presented only a mild and transient nasal secretion and gained more weight than G2 animals (p<0.05). In addition, viremia was detected in only 3 rabbits and was transient (average of 2.3 days). Thus, administration of GCV to rabbits inoculated IN with EHV-1 resulted in an important attenuation of the clinical disease as demonstrated by full prevention of systemic signs, maintenance of weight gain and by drastic reduction in viremia and in the magnitude of respiratory signs. These results are promising towards further testing of GCV as a potential drug for anti-herpetic therapy in horses.

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Classical and Variant Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Strains

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-ps039-2002 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 2003 (16) ◽

Author(s):

Gary D. Butcher ◽

David P. Shapiro ◽

Richard D. Miles

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Distress ◽

Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽

Egg Production ◽

Egg Quality ◽

Publication Date ◽

Nasal Discharge ◽

Large Animal ◽

Severe Respiratory Distress ◽

Shell Quality ◽

Infectious Bronchitis

Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute and highly contagious respiratory disease of chickens. The disease is characterized by respiratory signs including gasping, coughing, sneezing, tracheal râles, and nasal discharge. In young chickens, severe respiratory distress may occur. In layers, respiratory distress, decrease in egg production, and loss of internal egg quality and egg shell quality are reported. Some strains of the virus cause severe kidney damage and may be associated with high mortality. This document is VM127, one of a series of the Veterinary Medicine-Large Animal Clinical Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date May 1, 2002. VM127/PS039: Infectious Bronchitis Virus: Classical and Variant Strains (ufl.edu)

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Severe disease due to CCDC40 gene variants and the perils of late diagnosis in primary ciliary dyskinesia

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2018-224964 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. bcr-2018-224964 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hasan Ghandourah ◽

Sharon D Dell

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Distress ◽

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia ◽

Neonatal Period ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Coiled Coil ◽

Failure To Thrive ◽

Gene Variants ◽

Severe Respiratory Distress ◽

Coiled Coil Domain ◽

Ciliary Dyskinesia

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) can manifest in the neonatal period with severe respiratory distress. We describe a child with PCD who presented at term with severe neonatal respiratory distress, persistent right upper lobe collapse and failure to thrive who underwent lobectomy prior to the diagnosis of PCD at the age of 3 years. This case report illustrates the severe spectrum of lung disease associated with coiled-coil domain containing protein 40 (CCDC40) gene variants in patients with PCD.

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Association of severe respiratory distress syndrome and thyroid agenesis in a term neonate

Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie ◽

10.1055/s-2006-943309 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 210 (S 5) ◽

Author(s):

S Vanhaesebrouck ◽

K Allegaert ◽

F de Zegher ◽

C Vanhole

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Term Neonate ◽

Severe Respiratory Distress ◽

Severe Respiratory Distress Syndrome

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Assessing dairy cow welfare during the grazing and housing periods on spring-calving, pasture-based dairy farms

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab093 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Robin E Crossley ◽

Eddie A M Bokkers ◽

Natasha Browne ◽

Katie Sugrue ◽

Emer Kennedy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cow ◽

Large Scale ◽

Dairy Farms ◽

Nasal Discharge ◽

Welfare Assessment ◽

Welfare Indicators ◽

Signed Rank ◽

Cow Welfare ◽

Head Neck ◽

Ocular Discharge

Abstract The different periods characterizing spring-calving, pasture-based dairy systems common in Ireland have seldom been the focus of large-scale dairy cow welfare research. Thus, the aim of this study was to devise and conduct an animal-based welfare assessment during both the grazing and housing periods on spring-calving, pasture-based dairy farms, to identify areas for improvement and establish benchmarks for indicators of good welfare. Assessment of seven animal-based welfare indicators was conducted during two visits (one each at grazing and housing) to 82 commercial dairy farms in southern Ireland. Herd-level descriptive statistics were performed for all welfare indicators at each visit, and differences between visits were analyzed using paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed rank tests. A mean of 9% and 10% clinically lame cows (mobility score 2 and 3) were observed at housing and grazing respectively. Recommended body condition scores (BCS) were not met for a mean of 13% of cows at grazing and 23% at housing, with more over-conditioned cows present at housing than grazing (P < 0.001). Ocular discharge was uncommon in both periods. Prevalence of moderate and severe nasal discharge combined were lower during housing (5%) than grazing (7%). In both periods, similar mean levels of tail injury were observed; 2 to 3% of cows with tail lacerations, 9% with broken tails, and 8% (measured at housing only) with docked tails. Integument alterations involved primarily hair-loss and were most prevalent on the hindquarters (26%) during grazing, and on the head-neck-back region (66%), and the hindquarters (32%) during housing. Cows displayed an avoidance distance of > 1 m (indicative of a fearful response) from an approaching human in an average of 82% of grazing cows and 42% to 75% of housed cows, dependent on test location. Opportunities to improve welfare in this system were identified in the areas of tail injury prevention, nasal health and the management of indoor housing and feeding. The performance of the top 20% of farms for each welfare indicator was used to establish benchmarks of: 0 to 5% clinical lameness; 0 to 12% of cows outside recommended BCS; 0 to 27% ocular discharge; 2 to 16% nasal discharge; 0% tail lacerations and docked tails, and 0 to 3% tail breaks; 0 to 14% IA; and 4 to 74% for avoidance distance of > 1 m. These represent attainable targets for spring-calving pasture-based farms to promote good dairy cow welfare.

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Natural variants in SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein pinpoint structural and functional hotspots with implications for prophylaxis and therapeutic strategies

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-92641-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Suman Pokhrel ◽

Benjamin R. Kraemer ◽

Scott Burkholz ◽

Daria Mochly-Rosen

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Single Amino Acid ◽

Amino Acid Substitutions ◽

Severe Respiratory Distress ◽

S Protein ◽

Individual Sequences ◽

Natural Variants ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

The Individual

AbstractIn December 2019, a novel coronavirus, termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified as the cause of pneumonia with severe respiratory distress and outbreaks in Wuhan, China. The rapid and global spread of SARS-CoV-2 resulted in the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Earlier during the pandemic, there were limited genetic viral variations. As millions of people became infected, multiple single amino acid substitutions emerged. Many of these substitutions have no consequences. However, some of the new variants show a greater infection rate, more severe disease, and reduced sensitivity to current prophylaxes and treatments. Of particular importance in SARS-CoV-2 transmission are mutations that occur in the Spike (S) protein, the protein on the viral outer envelope that binds to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme receptor (hACE2). Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of 441,168 individual virus sequences isolated from humans throughout the world. From the individual sequences, we identified 3540 unique amino acid substitutions in the S protein. Analysis of these different variants in the S protein pinpointed important functional and structural sites in the protein. This information may guide the development of effective vaccines and therapeutics to help arrest the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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A homozygous variant in ABCA3 is associated with severe respiratory distress and early neonatal death

Congenital Anomalies ◽

10.1111/cga.12437 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Montaha Al‐Iede ◽

Mariam Khanfar ◽

Luma Srour ◽

Raja Rabah ◽

Mousa Al‐Abbadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Distress ◽

Neonatal Death ◽

Early Neonatal Death ◽

Severe Respiratory Distress ◽

Homozygous Variant

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Intraoral teratoma in a newborn presenting as severe respiratory distress

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2013-008735 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 (mar25 1) ◽

pp. bcr2013008735-bcr2013008735 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. K. Kundal ◽

M. Gajdhar ◽

C. Sharma ◽

R. Kundal

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Distress ◽

Severe Respiratory Distress

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Radiologic Observations in Severe Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome Treated with the Isolated Phospholipid Fraction of Natural Surfactant

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1177/028418518702800404 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 389-394 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

W. Mortensson ◽

G. Noack ◽

T. Curstedt ◽

P. Herin ◽

B. Robertson

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Phospholipid Fraction ◽

Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Dramatic Improvement ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Severe Respiratory Distress ◽

Neonatal Respiratory Distress

Ten newborn babies with severe respiratory distress syndrome, all dependent on artificial ventilation, were treated via the airways with the isolated phospholipid fraction of bovine or porcine surfactant. After treatment with surfactant at a median age of 10.5h, there was in all patients a striking improvement of lung aeration in chest films, with a decrease in parenchymal fluid retention and in distension of bronchioli. These radiologic findings were associated with a dramatic improvement of oxygenation and a significant reduction of the right-to-left shunt. In spite of the rapid therapeutic response, four patients died from cerebral hemorrhage. One of the surviving patients developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Our findings document efficacy of this new surfactant preparation in the neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, but the long-term effects need to be further tested in randomized clinical trials.

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