Prepartum administration of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rBST) on adaptation to subclinical ketosis of the ewes and performance of the lambs

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of prepartum rbST injection on the metabolic profile of pregnant ewes induced to subclinical ketosis, as well as the metabolism until seven days of life and weight gain until seven weeks of life of the lambs. Twenty seven pregnant ewes of the pantaneiro genetic group were used, divided into two groups: rbST group (n = 14) and control group (n = 13). The rbST group received two applications of 1 mg/kg of rbST, at 97 and 111 days gestation, while the control group received placebo injections. There were significant differences between groups in levels of GGT in the ketosis post induction period and BHB concentrations in the postpartum period. Concentrations of glucose, urea, phosphorus, albumin, cholesterol, AST, NEFA and insulin were not different between dams from the two groups in different periods of the study (P>0.05). There was an effect of rbST on body weight observed already at fourteen days of life (P<0.0001), there was an increase in serum phosphorus levels at birth of lambs (P=0.0014), and albumin at seven days of life (P = 0.0014) of the lambs, with no difference between groups for the other metabolites. Therefore, the use of rbST was effective in increasing the weight of the lambs until the seventh week of life. In addition, rbST treatment had positive effects on the dam metabolism with reduction of liver overload, as indicated by decreased GGT after ketosis induction and decreased BHB at the postpartum period.

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Effect of growth hormone on milk yield and reproductive performance of subfertile Holstein cows during extended lactations

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5424/sjar/2019171-13842 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. e0403 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jessica Flores ◽

José E. García ◽

Jesús Mellado ◽

Leticia Gaytán ◽

Ángeles De Santiago ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Bovine Somatotropin ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Control Group ◽

Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin ◽

Northern Mexico ◽

Lactation Length ◽

Hot Environment ◽

Farm Efficiency

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the administration of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) throughout lactation to high-yielding subfertile (conception > 270 days postpartum) Holstein cows undergoing extended lactations (≥480 d) on milk production and reproductive performance. The study used two large adjacent commercial herds with similar management in a hot area of northern Mexico (25° N). Cows in one herd (n=2341) received a 500-mg dose of rbST every 14 d until dried off, starting 60 days postpartum. The other herd served as control (n=984). Across parity, rbST-treated cows produced 20% greater milk yield than control cows in 305-d lactations. Across parities, milk yield from 305 d postpartum to the end of lactation was 2734 kg higher in rbST-treated cows than control cows. Across parities rbST-treated cows produced 4777 more kg of milk during the entire lactation (mean 605 d) than the control group (mean 572 d). Conception rates (CR) at first service were only 3.2% and 5.9% (p<0.05) for control and rbST-treated cows, respectively. Overall CR was 43.5% and 61.6% (p<0.05) for control and treated cows, respectively. Control cows required 2.4 more (p<0.01) services per conception than rbST-treated cows. It was concluded that in this hot environment, the use of rbST suits dairy producers because it substantially improves both milk yield and reproductive performance in subfertile high-yielding Holstein cows. By markedly increasing lactation length and lactation persistency farm efficiency is greatly improved due to extended herd life.

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Utilizing WebQuests for Enhancing Teaching Skills of Saudi Pre-Service Teachers of English as a Foreign Language

International Journal of English Linguistics ◽

10.5539/ijel.v10n6p254 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 254

Author(s):

Ali Alsagheer A. Mohammmad ◽

Mohammed Albahiri

Keyword(s):

Teaching And Learning ◽

Teaching Practice ◽

Control Group ◽

Teaching Skills ◽

Teaching Performance ◽

Use Of Technology ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Performance ◽

And Control ◽

Experimental Group

Purpose: There is need to focus on extensive use of technology in teaching and learning process, since the teachers are provided with well-organized WebQuests that are beneficial for developing effective teaching skills. The study aims to investigate the extent of the effects of WebQuests on the teaching skills and performance of pre-service teachers of English at the College of Education of King Khalid University. Methodology: The study sample, which included 35 students of the general diploma in English, were divided into two groups: experimental and control. The members of the control group were supervised in the traditional way during their teaching practice, and the members of the experimental group were given WebQuests so that they could surf the internet under the guidance of their supervisor and find the information they needed about teaching skills. The teaching performance of the teachers of both groups was assessed via a teaching performance observation form. The data collected through classroom observation was analyzed using SPSS. The differences between the teachers of both the groups in terms of the teaching skills were calculated using Mann-Whitney U test. Findings: Statistically significant differences were found in the rank means of the participants of the control and the experimental groups regarding their lesson planning and teaching skills. The results were favorable for the teachers of the experimental group; however, no significant difference was found between the scores of the experimental and the control groups in terms of lesson evaluation skills. Originality: The use of WebQuests significantly enhances the teaching skills of the students of the general diploma in English.

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Effectiveness of Neurofeedback Associated with Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy on Children with Attention Defect Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

International Journal of Indian Psychology ◽

10.25215/0204.003 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Kianbakht ◽

Sedighe Naghel ◽

Freshte Alidadi ◽

Vahid Nejati ◽

Hossien Kohandel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Control Group ◽

Meaningful Difference ◽

Rehabilitation Therapy ◽

Performance Factors ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Adhd Children ◽

Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy ◽

And Control

Objectives: Neurofeedback is known as a modern therapy for hyperactive children, nevertheless it is not a complete therapy for these patients. The goal of this therapy is to create a complete therapy for ADHD children, so neurofeedback is used with cognitive rehabilitation therapy to make more integrated therapy. Method: this is an experimental study. 30 subjects were selected through random selection from women who referred to 5 clinics of Tehran city, and they were placed into 2 experimental groups and 1 control group. Groups are matched in age, sexuality and economic situation. One group just received neurofeedback into 10 sessions, another group received neurofeedback plus cognitive rehabilitation therapy at the same during, and control group received no therapy or they leaved the therapy at the first steps. Integrated visual and auditory test (IVA) was used as pretest and posttest, to measure two factors (attention and impulsivity) in ADHD children. Cognitive rehabilitation therapy protocol is based on work of Nejati (1391). Data evaluated by dependent T test and analysis of covariance. Results: according to findings, there is meaningful difference between all groups in attention and impulsivity factors. The group who received neurofeedback plus cognitive rehabilitation therapy showed more improvement in attention and impulsivity factors. Also there was a meaningful difference between neurofeedback group and control group in attention factor. Conclusion: neurofeedback is supposed as a facilitator therapy to improve attention factor in ADHD children, but not as a complete therapy, especially about performance factors. Also, it is better to use a complementary therapy such as cognitive rehabilitation therapy that focuses more on performance factors. It leads to more positive effects on impulsivity or even hyperactivity.

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Histopathological evaluation of polycaprolactone nanocomposite compared with tricalcium phosphate in bone healing

Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.2478/jvetres-2018-0055 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 385-394 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hadi Eftekhari ◽

Alireza Jahandideh ◽

Ahmad Asghari ◽

Abolfazl Akbarzadeh ◽

Saeed Hesaraki

Keyword(s):

Bone Tissue ◽

Bone Healing ◽

Tricalcium Phosphate ◽

Healing Process ◽

Control Group ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Bone Scaffolds ◽

Modern Engineering ◽

And Control

AbstractIntroductionIn recent years, the use of bone scaffolds as bone tissue substitutes, especially the use of such as hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate, has been very popular. Today, the use of modern engineering techniques and advances in nanotechnology have expanded the use of nanomaterials as bone scaffolds for bone tissue applications.Material and MethodsThis study was performed on 60 adult male New Zealand rabbits divided into four experimental groups: the control group without any treatment, the second group receiving hydroxyapatite, the third group treated with β-tricalcium phosphate, and the fourth group receiving nanocomposite polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold. In a surgical procedure, a defect 6 mm in diameter was made in a hind limb femur. Four indexes were used to assess histopathology, which were union index, spongiosa index, cortex index, and bone marrow.ResultsThe results showed that nanocomposite PCL and control groups always had the respective highest and lowest values among all the groups at all time intervals. The histopathological assessment demonstrated that the quantity of newly formed lamellar bone in the nanocomposite PCL group was higher than in other groups.ConclusionAll these data suggest that PCL had positive effects on the bone healing process, which could have great potential in tissue engineering and clinical applications.

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173 A COMBINED RECOMBINANT BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN/EQUINE CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN PROTOCOL IN THE ZEBU BREED TABAPUA AND HOLSTEIN HEIFERS SUBMITTED TO OVUM PICKUP

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv23n1ab173 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 188

Author(s):

J. C. de Souza ◽

H. de Morais ◽

R. Spuri ◽

R. C. Andrade ◽

T. L. C. Pinto

Keyword(s):

Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽

Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽

Ovarian Follicle ◽

Interactive Effect ◽

Bovine Somatotropin ◽

Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin ◽

Oocyte Yield ◽

Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽

And Control ◽

Zebu Breed

The aim of this study was to enhance ovarian follicular development and subsequent oocyte retrieval by the use of a combined equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) protocol, as well as to compare its efficiency between the Brazilian zebu breed Tabapua (TAB) and Holstein (HOL) nulliparous heifers. In a changeover design, TAB (n = 16) and HOL (n = 12) were allocated to 1 of 2 protocols in 2 distinct periods. Two days before initiation of the protocols (D2), dominant follicles were ablated by transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration: Group 1: on day 0 (D0) a subcutaneous injection of 500 mg of rbST (Boostin®, Intervet, SP) and on D2 an intramuscular injection of 500 IU of eCG (Novormon®, Schering-Plough-Intervet, SP); and control: vehicle only. Two days later (D4), ovum pickup (OPU) was performed and the ovarian follicle population was evaluated by ultrasound. Twenty days after the first OPU session, heifers were switched over across treatments and were aspirated a second time, so that a total of 28 sessions were performed for each treatment. Main effects of period, breed, and protocol and their interactions on follicle numbers and oocyte yield were analysed through the GENMOD procedure of SAS (SAS®, Cary, NC, USA) using the Poisson distribution option. Means were compared by orthogonal contrasts, and the probability value set at 0.05 for significance unless otherwise specified. There was an interaction effect between hormonal stimulation and breed (P < 0.05) on the number of aspirated follicles (2 to 10 mm in diameter) such that they were higher in TAB treated (41.4 ± 2.6) compared with control (29.9 ± 2.6) heifers and did not differ between the HOL heifers (15.5 ± 2.6 v. 14.4 ± 2.6 in treated and control heifers, respectively). Overall, follicle numbers were higher (P < 0.0001) in TAB (35.6 ± 1.84) than in HOL (15.0 ± 2.1) heifers and in treated (28.4 ± 2.0) v. control (22.1 ± 2.0) heifers (P < 0.001). There was no effect (P = 0.77) of treatment on total viable oocytes (grades 1 to 3) between treated (3.5 ± 1.2) and control (3.9 ± 1.1) heifers. Tabapuã heifers had more (P < 0.05) viable oocytes than HOL (5.9 ± 0.9 v. 1.6 ± 1.4). In conclusion, the proposed protocol may improve OPU results but viable oocyte yield was not associated to the higher number of follicles available for aspiration. It may be necessary to modify this protocol to improve results perhaps by increasing the time window between rbST and eCG injections as well as by increasing the rbST dosage for heifers. The present protocol may be cost saving, compared with follicle stimulating hormone, for initial OPU sessions in the case of Tabapuã heifers because it is expected that responses decrease after a sequence of eCG injections. It is also interesting to notice that it is possible that HOL heifers already have higher endogenous growth hormone concentrations, which could help to explain the interactive effect observed in the ovarian response. Further studies are necessary to improve this protocol especially in HOL heifers. CNPQ, CAPES, Schering-Plough-Intervet.

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I Will Use Declarative Self-Talk . . . or Will I? Replication, Extension, and Meta-Analyses

The Sport Psychologist ◽

10.1123/tsp.2016-0088 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 16-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Judy L. Van Raalte ◽

Allen E. Cornelius ◽

Elizabeth M. Mullin ◽

Britton W. Brewer ◽

Erika D. Van Dyke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Perceived Exertion ◽

The Self ◽

Group Differences ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Group ◽

Self Talk ◽

Outcome Differences ◽

And Performance ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

And Control

A series of studies was conducted by Senay et al. in 2010 to replicate and extend research indicating that self-posed questions have performance benefits. Studies 1–3 compared the effects of the self-posed interrogative question (“Will I?”) to declarative (“I will”) and control self-talk, and found no significant group differences in motivation, perceived exertion, or performance. In Studies 4–5, interrogative, declarative, and control self-talk primes were compared, and no outcome differences were found. In Study 6, the effects of self-talk on motivation, perceived exertion, and physical performance were assessed. The self-talk groups performed better and were more motivated than the control group, but declarative and interrogative groups did not differ from each other. Finally, meta-analyses of the six studies indicated no significant differences among conditions. These results highlight the value of replication and suggest that factors other than grammatical form of self-posed questions may drive the demonstrated relationships between self-talk and performance.

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Effects of Tape-Recorded Aural Models on Sight-Reading and Performance Skills

Journal of Research in Music Education ◽

10.2307/3344676 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 23-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

James N. Anderson

Keyword(s):

Sixth Grade ◽

Sight Reading ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Performance Skills ◽

Rhythm Reading ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Performance ◽

And Control ◽

Experimental Group

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of using tape-recorded aural models for home practice on selected sight-reading and performance skills of sixth-grade clarinet students. The experimental design was a pretest-posttest control-group design with an additional posttest measure. It was predicted that students in the experimental group would do significantly better than students in the control group with regard to pitch reading, rhythm reading, tempo accuracy, and intonation accuracy as measured by the sight-reading and performance tests. It was also projected that students in the experimental group would complete more music exercises during the study than students in the control group. The statistical analysis indicated no significant difference between the experimental and control groups with regard to either the skills measured or the number of music exercises completed during the study. These results appear to indicate that tape-recorded aural models used in this study had no observed effect on the selected music skills.

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Effects of A Long-Term Use of Carbocysteine on Frequency and Duration of Exacerbations in Patients with Bronchiectasis

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2019.697 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (23) ◽

pp. 4030-4035

Author(s):

Jordan Minov ◽

Sasho Stoleski ◽

Tatjana Petrova ◽

Kristin Vasilevska ◽

Dragan Mijakoski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Life ◽

Hospital Treatment ◽

Control Group ◽

Good Tolerability ◽

Life Study ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Mucus Clearance ◽

Appropriate Treatment ◽

And Control

BACKGROUND: The failure of mucus clearance in bronchiectasis can be improved by chest physiotherapy or/and mucoactive agents. AIM: To assess the effects of long-term use of carbocysteine on frequency and duration of exacerbations in patients with bronchiectasis. METHODS: We performed an observational, non-randomized, open study (a real-life study) including 64 patients with bronchiectasis divided into two groups, examined group (EG) and control group (CG). All participants were treated with appropriate treatment for the stable disease, but in the study, subjects of EG two capsules 375 mg carbocysteine three times a day was added over three months. Daily diary cards realised collection of data regarding the occurrence and duration of exacerbation in all study subjects. RESULTS: Over the study period 43 exacerbations were documented, 17 in the EG and 26 in the CG, 10 (23.4%) of which required hospital treatment (four in the EG [23.5%] and six in the CG [23.1%]). A mean number of exacerbations over the study period was significantly lower in the EG (0.5 ± 0.1) as compared to their mean number in the CG (0.8 ± 0.2) (P = 0.0000). Mean duration of exacerbations expressed in days needed for complete resolution of symptoms or return of the symptoms to their baseline severity in the EG was significantly shorter than the mean duration of exacerbations in the CG (10.1 ± 2.6 vs 12.8 ± 2.1; P = 0.0000). The frequency of adverse effects, i.e. mild gastrointestinal manifestations and headache which did not require discontinuation of the treatment, in the EG during the study period was 15.6%. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated positive effects of carbocysteine regarding the frequency and duration of exacerbations, as well as its good tolerability in the patients with bronchiectasis.

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Psychological Effects of Motivational Aquatic Resistance Interval Training and Nutritional Education in Older Women

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9121665 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1665

Author(s):

Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez ◽

Bernardo José Cuestas-Calero ◽

José Manuel García-De Frutos ◽

Pablo Jorge Marcos-Pardo

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Intrinsic Motivation ◽

Autonomy Support ◽

Interval Training ◽

Well Being ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Control Group ◽

Positive Effects ◽

And Control

Several studies have demonstrated the positive effects of physical exercise programs on physical and mental health throughout life. It is necessary to know the factors that contribute to the well-being of older adults in order to achieve healthy aging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between well-being perception and the use of autonomy supportive coaching behaviours across a motivational aquatic resistance interval training program. Thirty-four women over 65 years of age from the province of Alicante, Spain, participated, and were randomly assigned to: motivational aquatic resistance interval training group (MART; age: 69.6 ± 5.01 years, height: 1.62 ± 7.88 m, weight: 75.3 ± 12.8 kg) and control group (CG; age: 67.7 ± 3.60 years, height: 1.54 ± 5.47 m, weight: 66.9 ± 10.2 kg). The MART program was conducted for 14 weeks, with three training sessions/week. The CG did not perform any physical activity during the study. Perception of autonomy support was assessed through the Autonomy-Supportive Coaching Questionnaire (ASCQ), Psychological needs by the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNES), Intrinsic motivation to exercise was assessed through Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) and Perception of Physical Activity by the International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). In MART, compared to CG, significant differences were observed in BPNS, IMI and IPAQ questionnaires used, except in the ASCQ. The differences were significant in all three cases in BPNS (p < 0.05 in autonomy and competence and p = 0.001 in relationship with others), obtaining better scores after intervention than previously. As for the IMI scale, significant differences were also obtained in both subscales. The level of physical activity also improved significantly, with higher scores on the IPAQ after the intervention than before (p < 0.001). In conclusion, when practitioners perceive greater well-being, satisfaction of their basic psychological needs, greater self-selection, volition, and autonomy instead of pressure, demand and control, the result is better behaviour with greater psychological well-being, adherence and consequent health benefits.

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Effects of an Active Learning Approach on Students’ Motivation in an Engineering Course

Journal of Education and Training Studies ◽

10.11114/jets.v7i3.3916 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 58

Author(s):

Chosang Tendhar ◽

Kusum Singh ◽

Brett D. Jones

Keyword(s):

Active Learning ◽

Future Research ◽

Control Group ◽

Learning Approach ◽

Learning Approaches ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Instructional Technique ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

And Control ◽

Compare And Contrast

Because there are many positive effects of active learning approaches on students’ motivation and achievement, some authors have recommended that these approaches be widely implemented. A research-intensive university located in the Mid-Atlantic US was interested in adopting this instructional technique, and therefore, experimented with it. The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to compare and contrast the effects of an active learning approach on the motivation of students in a treatment and control group. The results of multiple independent sample t-tests showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups on several motivation constructs. We provide explanations for the lack of significant differences, as well as discuss limitations and future research.

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