scholarly journals Reverse vaccinology and subtractive genomics approaches for identifying common therapeutics against Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Jaiswa Jaiswa ◽  
Sandeep Tiwari ◽  
Syed Babar Jamal ◽  
Letícia de Castro Oliveira ◽  
Helioswilton Sales-Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Reverse Vaccinology ◽  
Subtractive Genomics ◽  
Mycobacterium Lepromatosis

Introduction

Leprosy ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Charlotte A. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Neglected Tropical Disease ◽  
The World ◽  
Mycobacterium Lepromatosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization

This chapter introduces leprosy, an infection that is still misunderstood and considered a neglected tropical disease but declining in frequency, according to the World Health Organization. The bacteria that cause leprosy, Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis, are outlined, as well as how a relative strength of a person’s immune system determines how leprosy affects the body. Although leprosy is curable, associated stigma and disability remain common challenges for people with the disease in parts of the world. The goals and structure of the book are outlined, ten myths that still pervade society at large are listed, and the use of the word “leper” discussed. Based on World Health Organization data, the chapter also explores the frequency of leprosy today, where the infection remains a challenge, and the history of detecting and reporting evidence for leprosy in living populations. Finally, the reasons why bioarchaeologists have an interest in this infection are explored.

scholarly journals Comportamiento epidemiológico de la lepra en Costa Rica, de 2012 al 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Rivera Chavarria ◽  
Azálea Espinoza Aguirre
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Mycobacterium Lepromatosis

La lepra es una patología infecciosa crónica propia del ser humano, de evolución lenta, curable, producida por Mycobacterium leprae y Mycobacterium lepromatosis, que afecta principalmente a piel y sistema nervioso periférico. Se describe algunas características epidemiológicas de la lepra en Costa Rica durante el periodo 2012-2017. Este estudio mostró una tasa de prevalencia inferior a uno por diez mil habitantes a nivel nacional. No obstante, persiste el reporte de casos nuevos en todo el país y en algunas regiones en mayor proporción que otras, lo que indica que la transmisión de la enfermedad continúa como un riesgo potencial en las familias especialmente.

scholarly journals Necrotizing erythema nodosumin lepromatous leprosy associated with mixed infection by Mycobacterium lepromatosis and Mycobacterium leprae. Case report

DEL NACIONAL ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
Olga María Aldama Olmedo ◽  
Marcial Escobar ◽  
María Julia Martínez ◽  
Monserrat Aldama ◽  
Camila Montoya Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Lepromatous Leprosy ◽  
Mycobacterium Lepromatosis

scholarly journals Putative vaccine candidates and drug targets identified by reverse vaccinology and subtractive genomics approaches to control Haemophilus ducreyi , the causative agent of chancroid

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (142) ◽  
pp. 20180032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alissa de Sarom ◽  
Arun Kumar Jaiswal ◽  
Sandeep Tiwari ◽  
Letícia de Castro Oliveira ◽  
Debmalya Barh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Haemophilus Ducreyi ◽  
Reverse Vaccinology ◽  
Active Site Residues ◽  
Homologous Proteins ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Subtractive Genomics

Chancroid is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Haemophilus ducreyi . The control of chancroid is difficult and the only current available treatment is antibiotic therapy; however, antibiotic resistance has been reported in endemic areas. Owing to recent outbreaks of STIs worldwide, it is important to keep searching for new treatment strategies and preventive measures. Here, we applied reverse vaccinology and subtractive genomic approaches for the in silico prediction of potential vaccine and drug targets against 28 strains of H. ducreyi . We identified 847 non-host homologous proteins, being 332 exposed/secreted/membrane and 515 cytoplasmic proteins. We also checked their essentiality, functionality and virulence. Altogether, we predicted 13 candidate vaccine targets and three drug targets, where two vaccines (A01_1275, ABC transporter substrate-binding protein; and A01_0690, Probable transmembrane protein) and three drug targets (A01_0698, Purine nucleoside phosphorylase; A01_0702, Transcription termination factor; and A01_0677, Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase class II) are harboured by pathogenicity islands. Finally, we applied a molecular docking approach to analyse each drug target and selected ZINC77257029, ZINC43552589 and ZINC67912117 as promising molecules with favourable interactions with the target active site residues. Altogether, the targets identified here may be used in future strategies to control chancroid worldwide.

scholarly journals Heart Failure in a Patient with Leprosy

2019 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 150-152
Author(s):  
Srikakulapu SriKrishna
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
The Body ◽  
First Report ◽  
Visceral Involvement ◽  
Cardiovascular Involvement ◽  
Mycobacterium Lepromatosis ◽  
Indian Male

AbstractLeprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infection caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis. Though leprosy predominantly involves peripheral nerves and skin, visceral involvement was recognized as early as 1894 by Hansen and Looft. It is known that the bacilli can lie dormant in some tissues of the body long after the skin smears have become negative. We describe a case of leprosy in an Indian male who presented to us with heart failure. This is likely the first report of showing the possible association of leprosy with heart failure from India. The cardiovascular involvement in leprosy is briefly reviewed.

scholarly journals The leprosy agents Mycobacterium lepromatosis and Mycobacterium leprae in Mexico

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 952-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Y. Han ◽  
Kurt Clement Sizer ◽  
Jesús S. Velarde-Félix ◽  
Luis O. Frias-Castro ◽  
Francisco Vargas-Ocampo
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Mycobacterium Lepromatosis

scholarly journals Comparative Sequence Analysis of Mycobacterium leprae and the New Leprosy-Causing Mycobacterium lepromatosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 191 (19) ◽  
pp. 6067-6074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Y. Han ◽  
Kurt C. Sizer ◽  
Erika J. Thompson ◽  
Juma Kabanja ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Neutral Evolution ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Protein Encoding ◽  
Mycobacterium Lepromatosis ◽  
Encoding Genes

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium lepromatosis is a newly discovered leprosy-causing organism. Preliminary phylogenetic analysis of its 16S rRNA gene and a few other gene segments revealed significant divergence from Mycobacterium leprae, a well-known cause of leprosy, that justifies the status of M. lepromatosis as a new species. In this study we analyzed the sequences of 20 genes and pseudogenes (22,814 nucleotides). Overall, the level of matching of these sequences with M. leprae sequences was 90.9%, which substantiated the species-level difference; the levels of matching for the 16S rRNA genes and 14 protein-encoding genes were 98.0% and 93.1%, respectively, but the level of matching for five pseudogenes was only 79.1%. Five conserved protein-encoding genes were selected to construct phylogenetic trees and to calculate the numbers of synonymous substitutions (dS values) and nonsynonymous substitutions (dN values) in the two species. Robust phylogenetic trees constructed using concatenated alignment of these genes placed M. lepromatosis and M. leprae in a tight cluster with long terminal branches, implying that the divergence occurred long ago. The dS and dN values were also much higher than those for other closest pairs of mycobacteria. The dS values were 14 to 28% of the dS values for M. leprae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a more divergent pair of species. These results thus indicate that M. lepromatosis and M. leprae diverged ∼10 million years ago. The M. lepromatosis pseudogenes analyzed that were also pseudogenes in M. leprae showed nearly neutral evolution, and their relative ages were similar to those of M. leprae pseudogenes, suggesting that they were pseudogenes before divergence. Taken together, the results described above indicate that M. lepromatosis and M. leprae diverged from a common ancestor after the massive gene inactivation event described previously for M. leprae.

scholarly journals Lepra: Da Antiguidade aos Nossos Tempos

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-338
Author(s):  
Atanásio Máquina ◽  
Alexandre Catarino ◽  
Leandro Silva ◽  
Goreti Catorze ◽  
Lurdes Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Mycobacterium Lepromatosis

A lepra é uma doença infecciosa, causada pelos bacilos Mycobacterium leprae e Mycobacterium lepromatosis. Atinge de forma preferencial a pele e os nervos periféricos. Se não for diagnosticada e tratada precocemente pode provocar graves deformações e incapacidades. Paradoxalmente, à medida que o tratamento se tornou curativo, muitos centros especializados fecharam o que levou ao menor conhecimento da doença. Com a crescente imigração para a Europa de pessoas provenientes de países de elevada prevalência da lepra, tem-se verificado o aparecimento de novos casos no continente europeu, nomea- damente em Portugal. Um forte estigma, baseado no medo de contágio, contribui para o sofrimento prolongado, atrasos no diagnóstico e tratamento destes doentes. Fazemos uma breve revisão desta doença milenar, da antiguidade até aos nossos dias.

scholarly journals Lepra Bubalorum, a Potential Reservoir of Mycobacterium leprae

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Faber ◽  
Henk Menke ◽  
Victor Rutten ◽  
Toine Pieters
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Hansen's Disease ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Hansen’S Disease ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Mycobacterium Lepromatosis ◽  
Skin Tuberculosis

In 1926, a mycobacterial skin disease was observed in water buffaloes by researchers in Indonesia. The disease was designated as skin tuberculosis, though it was hypothesized that it might be a form of leprosy or a leprosy-like disease. In a follow-up study (Ph.D. thesis Lobel, 1934, Utrecht University, Netherlands) a similar nodular skin disease was described in Indonesian water buffaloes and named “lepra bubalorum” or “nodular leprosy.” Two decades later Kraneveld and Roza (1954) reported that, so far, the diagnosis lepra bubalorum had been made in 146 cases in Indonesia. After a final series of research reports by Indonesian veterinarians in 1961, no subsequent cases were published. Based on information from these reports, it can be concluded that, even though evidence of nerve involvement in buffaloes was not reported, similarities exist between lepra bubalorum and Hansen’s disease (leprosy), i.e., nodular skin lesions with a chronic course and microscopically granulomatous reactions with AFB in globi in vacuoles. This raises the question as to whether these historical cases might indeed have been caused by Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium lepromatosis or another representative of the M. leprae complex. The future use of state-of-the-art molecular techniques may answer this question and may also help to answer the question whether water buffaloes should be considered as a potential natural reservoir of the causative pathogen of Hansen’s disease.

scholarly journals Actualización en lepra. epidemiología, fisopatología, clasificación, diagnostico y tratatamiento

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-43
Author(s):  
Stefany Elizabeth Guerra Figueroa ◽  
Karen Yesenia Gómez Romero
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
San Salvador ◽  
Mycobacterium Lepromatosis ◽  
El Estigma

La lepra es una enfermedad crónica causada por el Mycobacterium leprae y Mycobacterium lepromatosis, afecta nervios periféricos, piel y ocasionalmente es sistémica. En 2000 se dejó de considerar un problema de salud pública; pero es endémica en 11 países, y en América se sigue reportando casos. Se clasifica dentro de las Enfermedades Infecciosas Desatendidas (EID). El estigma y discriminación que prevalecen en la concepción cultural, junto a la suposición errónea de su erradicación, promueven el subdiagnóstico o su detección tardía y dificulta el tratamiento. El objetivo del presente estudio fue actualizar los conocimientos previos acerca de esta enfermedad, para ello se realizó la búsqueda sistemática de literatura, utilizando descriptores y bases de datos especializadas. Finalmente, se esfectuó un narrativo de los resultados. En ElSalvador aún se reportan casos, la mayoría en San Salvador y San Miguel, la fisiopatología continúa en estudio, encontrándose cada vez más correlaciones genéticas e inmunológicas, la clasificación utilizada se mantiene desde 1980, la poliquimioterapia sigue siendo el tratamiento de elección y se espera el desarrollo de una vacuna. Se concluye que la erradicación de la lepra depende del desarrollo científico y el compromiso para lograr su detección temprana, incentivando un apropiado estudio desde la formación médica básica y evitar, por tanto, desestimarla en la práctica médica, ante dermatosis y manifestaciones clínicas compatibles con lepra.

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