scholarly journals Tillage systems and cover crops on soil physical properties after soybean cultivation

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1057-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael B. Teixeira ◽  
Monica C. R. Z. Borges ◽  
Cassiano G. Roque ◽  
Marcela P. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
Resistance To Penetration

ABSTRACT Soil management alters soil physical attributes and may affect crop yield. In order to evaluate soil physical attributes in layers from 0 to 0.40 m and soybean grain yield, in the 2012/2013 agricultural year, an essay was installed in the experimental area of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS/CPCS). Soil tillage systems were: conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT) and no tillage (DS), the cover crops used were millet, sunn hemp and fallow. The experimental design was randomized blocks with split plots. For the layer of 0.20-0.30 m, millet provided the best results for soil bulk density, macro and microporosity. The resistance to penetration (RP) was influenced in the layer of 0-0.10 m, and millet provided lower RP. The DS provided the lowest RP values for the layer of 0.10-0.20 m. The treatments did not influence yield or thousand-seed weight.

scholarly journals Soil tillage to produce cassava roots with less physical limitations in pasture succession

2019 ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
Mário Takahashi ◽  
Jonez Fidalski
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tuberous Roots ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Physical Limitations

Traditional cassava cultivation involves mechanical manipulation of the soil with one plowing and two harrowings, a practice that may generate problems such as soil erosion, compaction and nutrient loss. These issues may be even bigger in sandy soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cassava roots components and the soil physical attributes in planting rows and between planting rows in tillage systems substituting the conventional tillage before the Mombasa grass pasture (Panicum maximum), in Northwestern Paraná, Brazil. Soil tillage treatments in 2014 were carried out as follows: conventional (disc harrow, moldboard plow and disking), minimum (disc harrow and chisel plow - clod breaking) and zero tillage. In 2015, soil samples were collected in layers 0.0-0.1, 0.1-0.2 and 0.2-0.4 m deep, between, and within cassava planting rows, for soil bulk density and macroporosity determinations. Number of plants, number of tuberous roots per plant, fresh and dry mass of cassava tuberous roots were evaluated as well. The soil physical attributes within the planting rows negatively affected the production of cassava tuberous roots in zero tillage in succession to the Mombasa grass pasture. The minimum and conventional tillage systems did not present soil physical limitations to the cassava yield components in succession to Mombasa grass pasture. Minimum tillage may be an alternative to conventional tillage without compromising soil physical attributes and cassava root yield in the Mombasa pastureland reform areas, in northwestern Paraná.

scholarly journals Soil tillage systems: changes in soil structure and crop response

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1197-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Mazurana ◽  
Renato Levien ◽  
Jônatan Müller ◽  
Osmar Conte
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Resistance To Penetration

The introduction and intensification of no-tillage systems in Brazilian agriculture in recent decades have created a new scenario, increasing concerns about soil physical properties. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of different tillage systems on some physical properties of an Ultisol previously under native grassland. Five tillage methods were tested: no-tillage (NT), chiseling (Ch), no-tillage with chiseling every two years (NTCh2), chiseling using an equipment with a clod-breaking roller (ChR) and chiseling followed by disking (ChD). The bulk density, macroporosity, microporosity and total porosity, mechanical resistance to penetration, water infiltration into the soil and crop yields were evaluated. The values of soil bulk density, mechanical resistance to penetration and microporosity increased as macroporosity decreased. Soil bulk density was lower in tillage systems with higher levels of tillage/soil mobilization; highest values were observed in NT and the lowest in the ChD system. The water infiltration rate was highest in the ChR system, followed by the systems ChD, NT and NTCh2, while crop yields were higher in systems with less soil mobilization.

scholarly journals Effects of Tillage Management on Soil Porosity and Bulk Density on Rape (Brasica Napus)

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana BALAN ◽  
L. RAUS ◽  
G. JITAREA
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Porosity ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Tillage System

Soil tillage systems have a major influence on soil physical characteristics. Optimal soil physical conditions for crop rooting are a result of complex interactions between soil structure and oxygen and water supply to plants roots. The experiment has been conducted in the Didactic Station of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Iasi, Ezareni Farm. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the influence of three soil tillage systems (a reduced tillage system, a no-tillage system and conventional tillage system) on several physical characteristics of the soil, such as soil bulk density, soil porosity and soil structural stability.

scholarly journals Forms of phosphorus in an oxisol under different soil tillage systems and cover plants in rotation with maize

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 972-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arminda Moreira de Carvalho ◽  
Mercedes Maria da Cunha Bustamante ◽  
Zayra Azeredo do Prado Almondes ◽  
Cícero Célio de Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Spontaneous Vegetation ◽  
Labile P

Phosphorus fractions play a key role in sustaining the productivity of acid-savanna Oxisols and are influenced by tillage practices. The aim of this study was to quantify different P forms in an Oxisol (Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo) from the central savanna region of Brazil under management systems with cover crops in maize rotation. Three cover crops (Canavalia brasiliensis, Cajanus cajan (L.), and Raphanus sativus L.) were investigated in maize rotation systems. These cover crops were compared to spontaneous vegetation. The inorganic forms NaHCO3-iP and NaOH-iP represented more than half of the total P in the samples collected at the depth of 5-10 cm during the rainy season when the maize was grown. The concentration of inorganic P of greater availability (NaHCO3-iP and NaOH-iP) was higher in the soil under no-tillage at the depth of 5-10 cm during the rainy season. Concentrations of organic P were higher during the dry season, when the cover crops were grown. At the dry season, organic P constituted 70 % of the labile P in the soil planted to C. cajan under no-tillage. The cover crops were able to maintain larger fractions of P available to the maize, resulting in reduced P losses to the unavailable pools, mainly in no-tillage systems.

scholarly journals Influence of soil tillage and weed suppression on winter wheat yield

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Branimir Mikic ◽  
Bojan Stipesevic ◽  
Emilija Raspudic ◽  
Georg Drezner ◽  
Bojana Brozovic
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Half Dose ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
High Yields

Modern soil tillage systems based on different tools than mouldboard plough have very often stronger weed occurrence, which can be a serious problem for achieving high yields. An obvious solution for weed suppression is a herbicide, whose improper use can deteriorate environment and lead toward serious ecological problems. In order to investigate the interaction between soil tillage and herbicide, trial was set up in Valpovo in seasons 2008/09 - 2010/11. Two soil tillage systems (CT-conventional tillage, based on mouldboard ploughing, and CH-chiselling and disk harrowing, without ploughing) and five herbicide treatments (NH-control, no herbicides; H10- recommended dose of Herbaflex (2 l ha-1); H05-half dose of Herbaflex; F10- recommended dose of Fox (1.5 l ha-1); and F05-half dose of Fox) were applied to winter wheat crops. Results showed similar effects of soil tillage on the winter wheat yield, whereas different herbicide dosages showed similar weed suppression and influence on winter wheat yield.

Sugarcane root system: Variation over three cycles under different soil tillage systems and cover crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 104866
Author(s):  
Lenon Henrique Lovera ◽  
Zigomar Menezes de Souza ◽  
Diego Alexander Aguilera Esteban ◽  
Ingrid Nehmi de Oliveira ◽  
Camila Viana Vieira Farhate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems

scholarly journals The Performance of the DES Sensor for Estimating Soil Bulk Density under the Effect of Different Agronomic Practices

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abed Gatea Alshammary ◽  
Abbas Z. Kouzani ◽  
Akif Kaynak ◽  
Sui Yang Khoo ◽  
Michael Norton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Electromechanical System ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Lack Of Information

The estimation of soil wet bulk density (ρn) and dry bulk density (ρb) using the novel digital electromechanical system (DES) has provided information about important parameters for the assessment of soil quality and health with a direct application for agronomists. The evaluation of the DES performance is particularly appropriate for different tillage methods, mulching systems, and fertilizers used to increase soil fertility and productivity, but currently, there is a lack of information, particularly in the arid areas in underdeveloped countries. Therefore, the main aim of this study was the application of a novel digital electromechanical system (DES) to evaluate bulk density, wet (ρn) and dry (ρb), under different soil treatments according to the variations in thermal efficiencies (ηth), microwave penetration depths (MDP), and specific energy consumption (Qcon) in an experimental area close to Baghdad (Iraq). The experimental design consisted of 72 plots, each 4 m2. The agronomic practices included two different tillage systems (disc plough followed by a spring disk and mouldboard plough followed by a spring disk) and twelve treatments involving mulching plastic sheeting combined with fertilizers, to determine their effect on the measured soil ρn and ρb and the DES performance in different soils. The results indicated that soil ρn and ρb varied significantly with both the tillage systems and the mulching systems. As expected, the soil ρn and ρb, MDP, and Qcon increased with an increase in the soil depth. Moreover, the tillage, soil mulching, and soil depth value significantly affected ηth and Qcon. A strong relationship was identified between the soil tillage and MDP for different soil treatments, leading to the changes in soil ρb and the soil dielectric constant (ε’).

Evaluation of soil tillage systems in maize production

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Rátonyi ◽  
L. Huzsvai ◽  
J. Nagy ◽  
A. Megyes
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Primary Tillage ◽  
Direct Drilling

The cultivation technologies for the dominant crops in Hungary need to be improved both in the interests of environmental protection and to reduce cultivation costs. A long-term research project was initiated in order to determine the feasibility of conservation tillage systems. The aim of the experiments was to evaluate conservation farming systems in Hungary in order to achieve more economical and more environment-friendly agricultural land use. Four tillage systems, namely conventional tillage (mouldboard plough), conservation tillage I (primary tillage with a J.D. Disk Ripper), conservation tillage II (primary tillage with a J.D. Mulch Finisher) and no tillage (direct drilling), were compared on a clay loam meadow soil (Vertisol). The physical condition of the experimental soils was evaluated using a hand-operated static cone penetrometer. Parallel with the measurement of penetration resistance, the moisture content of the soil was also determined. The grain yield of maize hybrids (Kincs SC [1999], Occitán SC [2000], Pr 37M34 SC [2001], DeKalb 471 SC [2002]) was measured using a plot combine-harvester. The analysis of soil conditions confirmed that if the cultivation depth and intensity are reduced the compaction of soil layers close to the surface can be expected. The decrease in yields (8-33%) in direct drilling (NT) and shallow, spring cultivated (MF) treatments, despite the higher available water content, can be explained partly by the compacted status of the 15-25 cm soil layer.

scholarly journals The Effect of Various Tillage Systems on Productivity of Narrow-Leaved Lupin-Winter Wheat-Winter Triticale-Winter Barley Rotation

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Panasiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Faligowska ◽  
Grażyna Szymańska ◽  
Jerzy Szukała ◽  
Karolina Ratajczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
Winter Triticale

Legumes are increasingly important crops in most European Union (EU) countries because of the growing demand for feed protein, and also because they have been shown to improve the characteristics of soil. The main part of the crop rotation is taken up by cereals, but they are connected with undesirable side effects, such as the unilateral utilization of ingredients and the heightened risk of plant diseases, e.g., Fusarium. Simplification of farming methods has become increasingly popular as growers search for cheaper production technologies. However, the effects of long-term simplification in tillage practices on the production and economics of narrow-leafed lupine (NL) cultivation have not been studied. In 2012–2016, we carried out a field experiment in Poland with a one-factorial design with four replications. The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the productivity effect of conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT) and no-tillage (NT) on NL-winter wheat (WW)-winter triticale (WT)-winter barley (WB), rotation. Our results show that the productivity of this crop rotation was lower under RT and NT systems than under CT. From a practical point of view, the reduction of cultivation in rotation with 75% of cereals caused a decrease in yield in all species, which can result in resign of using the RT and NT in conditions of Albic Luvisols soil, as classified according to the World Reference Base (WRB). The highest incomes were found when the CT system was used with NL. Although income losses exceeded the value of savings in both minimalized soil tillage systems (RT and NT), all tillage systems of NL were profitable.

scholarly journals The effect of cover crops on the yield of carrot (Daucus carota L.) in ploughless and conventional tillage

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Marzena Błażewicz-Woźniak ◽  
Dariusz Wach ◽  
Elżbieta Patkowska ◽  
Mirosław Konopiński
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Daucus Carota L

The experimental design included seven cover crop species and six kinds of soil tillage in the field cultivation of carrot. The use of cover crops had a positive impact on the yield of marketable roots of carrot in comparison with the cultivation without the cover crops. A significant increase of marketable yield was noted after phacelia, buckwheat, mustard and sunflower. The flat ploughless tillage significantly reduced the marketable yield of roots in comparison with traditional ploughing. The largest marketable yield of roots was obtained from cultivation on ridges after mixing the biomass of buckwheat or phacelia or mustard with the soil, and the smallest, after reduced spring tillage using aggregate without cover crops. The largest marketable yield in flat ploughless tillage was obtained when using grubber before winter, and the biomass of phacelia was mixed with soil. Growing carrot on the ridges had a positive influence on increasing the share of the marketable yield of roots in comparison with other variants of cultivation including the conventional tillage. The all cover crops with the exception of spring vetch significantly increased the share of marketable roots in the yield compared with cultivation without cover crops. The largest percentage of the marketable yield was noted after use of phacelia. 

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