scholarly journals Water distribution from medium-size sprinkler in solid set sprinkler systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-201
Author(s):  
Giuliani do Prado
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Digital Simulation ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
State University ◽  
Geometric Shapes ◽  
Sprinkler Systems ◽  
Visual Basic For Applications ◽  
Distribution Uniformity

ABSTRACT The study aimed to evaluate the water distribution from a medium-size sprinkler working in solid set sprinkler systems. Water distribution radial curves from the sprinkler operating under four nozzle diameter combinations (4.0 x 4.6; 5.0 x 4.6; 6.2 x 4.6 and; 7.1 x 4.6 mm) and four working pressures (196; 245; 294 and 343 kPa) were evaluated on the sprinkler test bench of the State University of Maringá, in Cidade Gaúcha, Paraná, Brazil. The sixteen water distribution curves were normalized and subjected to clustering analysis (K-Means algorithm), identifying the occurrence of normalized distribution curves with three different geometric shapes. A computer algorithm, in Visual Basic for Applications in Excel spreadsheet, was developed to simulate the water application uniformity (Christiansen's Coefficient - CU) from the sprinklers working with rectangular and triangular layouts in solid set sprinkler systems. For the three geometric shapes of the normalized water distribution curves, digital simulation results of water distribution uniformity for the sprinklers on mainline and lateral line spaced between 10 to 100% of wetted diameter indicated that sprinkler spacings around 50% of the wetted diameter provide acceptable CU values.

scholarly journals CARACTERIZAÇÃO TÉCNICA DO ASPERSOR PLONA-RL300

Irriga ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliani Do Prado ◽  
Alberto Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Curve ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Geometric Shapes ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Uniformity Test ◽  
Caixa Postal

CARACTERIZAÇÃO TÉCNICA DO ASPERSOR PLONA-RL300  Giuliani do Prado; Alberto ColomboDepartamento do Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Caixa Postal 37, CEP 37200-000, Lavras – MG,  [email protected]  1 RESUMO O trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar as características operacionais do aspersor, do tipo canhão hidráulico com mecanismo setorial de reversão lenta, da marca PLONA, modelo RL300, que foram determinadas no Setor de Hidráulica da Universidade Federal de Lavras, em Lavras - MG. Foram realizadas quarenta e cinco determinações de vazão, raio de alcance e perfil radial de distribuição de água, abrangendo nove diferentes diâmetros do bocal principal (22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36 e 38 mm) e cinco valores de pressões de serviço, variando deste 294 até 686 kPa, em intervalos de 98 kPa. Os valores de vazão (Q em m3 h-1) e raio de alcance (R em m) observados nos ensaios foram relacionados ao diâmetro do bocal principal (b em mm) e à pressão de serviço (P em kPa) através das equações: Q = 0,00145 b2,189 P0,504 (r2 = 0,9963) e R = 0,553 b0,533 P0,436 (r2 = 0,9611). Os perfis radiais de aplicação de água foram adimensionalizados e submetidos à análise de agrupamento (método “K-Means”) que indicou a ocorrência de perfis radiais com três formatos geométricos distintos e também caracterizou as condições operacionais do aspersor (bocal versus pressão), que determinam a ocorrência de cada umas das três formas geométricas distintas do perfil radial de aplicação de água. UNITERMOS: aspersores, perfil radial de aplicação, teste de uniformidade.  PRADO, G.; COLOMBO, A.TECHINAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SPRINKLER PLONA-RL300  2 ABSTRACT This work aimed to present performance characteristics of the PLONA-RL300 slow reversion gun-type sprinkler that were evaluated at the Hydraulics Section of the Universidade Federal de Lavras, in Lavras - MG, Brazil. Sprinkler flow rate, reach radius and water distribution curve were evaluated at forty-five different combinations of sprinkler nozzle diameter (22, 24, 26,28, 30, 32, 34, 36, and 38 mm) and operating pressure (from 294 kPa up to 686 kPa at regular 98 kPa intervals). Values of sprinkler flow rate (Q in m3 h-1) and sprinkler reach radius (R in m), observed at different combinations of nozzle size (b in mm) and operating pressure (P in kPa), were used to fit the following equations: Q = 0.00145 b2.189 P0.504 (r2 = 0.9963) and R = 0.553 b0.533 P0.436 (r2 = 0.9611). Water distribution curves were normalized and submitted to clustering analysis (K-Means algorithm). Based on the clustering analysis results, we were able to identify the occurrence of normalized distribution curves with three different geometric shapes and also to identify sprinkler operational conditions associated to each one of the three normalized distribution curve geometric shapes. KEYWORDS: rotating sprinkler, water distribution curve, uniformity test

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DA UNIFORMIDADE DE APLICAÇÃO DE ÁGUA EM GOTEJADORES EM FUNÇÃO DO TEOR DE FERRO

Irriga ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rigléia Lima Brauer ◽  
Raimundo Leite Cruz ◽  
Roberto Lyra Villas Bôas ◽  
Talita Aparecida Pletsch
Keyword(s):  
Test Bench ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
State University ◽  
Uniformity Coefficient ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
Operational Time

1 RESUMO Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a variação de vazão em tubogotejadores NaanPC laranja e NaanPC azul em função  de precipitados químicos, ao longo do tempo de funcionamento, quando submetidos a uma água rica em ferro, avaliando-se especificamente o coeficiente de uniformidade de Christiansen (CUC) e o coeficiente de uniformidade de distribuição (CUD). O experimento foi desenvolvido em uma bancada de ensaios para tubogotejadores no Laboratório de Ensaio de Equipamentos para Irrigação do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - UNESP, localizado no município de Botucatu – SP. O experimento foi montado em esquema fatorial 2x2x7, sendo duas doses de Fe, dois modelos de gotejadores e sete tempos de funcionamento, com três repetições, totalizando 84 parcelas experimentais. Efetuou-se a análise de variância pelo teste F. As médias das vazões dos gotejadores foram comparadas pelo teste de T de Student a 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados obtidos não apontaram diferença significativa nas diferentes doses de ferro. Entretanto, os resultados apontaram diferença significativa na interação gotejador x tempo e coeficiente de uniformidade de Christiansen (CUC). UNITERMOS: coeficiente de uniformidade de Christiansen(CUC), coeficiente de uniformidade de distribuição (CUD), entupimento de emissores.  BRAUER, R.L; CRUZ, R. L; VILLAS BÔAS, R. L.; PLETSCH, T. A.EVALUATION OFWATER APPLICATION UNIFORMITY IN DRIPPERSIN FUNCTION OF IRON CONTENT 2 ABSTRACT This work aimed to study the occurrence of chemical precipitates effects in two types of drip hose (NaanPC orange and blue) due to chemical precipitation along the  operating time, when subjected to water rich in iron, specifically evaluating the Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CUC) and distribution uniformity (DU). The experiment was conducted in a test bench for  drip hose at Laboratory Test Equipment for Irrigation - Department of Agricultural Engineering, Sao Paulo State University. The experiment was a 2 x 2 x 7 factorial design, with two Fe doses, two drip brands, and seven operational times with three replicates, totalizing 84 experimental plots. The variance analysis was performed by F test. Average emitter discharges were compared by Student t test at 5% probability. The results showed no significant difference in iron doses. However, the results indicated significant differences in drip versus operational time and the Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CUC).  KEYWORDS: Uniformity coefficient of Christiansen(CUC), distribution uniformity (DU), emitter clogging.

scholarly journals ANÁLISE DA UNIFORMIDADE DE APLICAÇÃO DE ÁGUA PELO ASPERSOR PLONA-RL250 EM SISTEMAS AUTOPROPELIDOS DE IRRIGAÇÃO

Irriga ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliani Do Prado ◽  
Alberto Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Digital Simulation ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Geometric Shape ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Irrigation Uniformity ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
Application Profile

ANÁLISE DA UNIFORMIDADE DE APLICAÇÃO DE ÁGUA PELO ASPERSOR PLONA-RL250EM SISTEMAS AUTOPROPELIDOS DEIRRIGAÇÃO  Giuliani do Prado; Alberto ColomboDepartamento de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, [email protected]  1 RESUMO Este trabalho apresenta características técnicas do aspersor PLONA-RL250 (vazão, raio de alcance e perfil radial de aplicação de água) e valores de uniformidade de aplicação de água, obtidos em simulações digitais, para o mesmo aspersor operando em sistemas autopropelidos de irrigação com diferentes combinações de ângulos de giro (de 180º a 360º) e espaçamentos de carreadores (de 50% a 100% do diâmetro molhado). Os valores de uniformidade foram apresentados em quatro grupos distintos, cada um dos quais contendo condições operacionais (bocal e pressão) que determinam a ocorrência de uma mesma forma geométrica (I, II, III ou IV) do perfil radial adimensional de aplicação de água do aspersor PLONA-RL250. Nos grupos I, II e III observou-se que espaçamentos de carreadores entre 80 e 90% do diâmetro molhado proporcionaram os maiores valores de uniformidade. Para o grupo IV, os maiores valores encontram-se entre 70 e 80% do diâmetro molhado. Em todas as formas geométricas do perfil, os melhores valores de uniformidade de aplicação de água foram obtidos com ângulos de giro do aspersor entre 210 e 240º. UNITERMOS: simulação, uniformidade de irrigação, ângulo de giro de aspersores.  PRADO, G. do; COLOMBO, A. ANALYSIS OF WATER APPLICATION UNIFORMITY FROM THE PLONA-RL 250 SPRINKLER IN TRAVELER IRRIGATION SYSTEMS  2 ABSTRACT This study presents measured performance data from an PLONA-RL250 sprinkler (discharge, radius of throw and radial water application profile) and water uniformity application values, obtained by digital simulation, from this same sprinkler when operating in traveler irrigation systems under different combinations of wetted sectors (from 180º to 360º) and towpath spacings (from 50% to 100% of the wetter diameter). Simulated water distribution uniformity values were presented in four different groups, according to the geometric shape (I, II, III or IV) assumed by the dimensionless sprinkler application curve, as determined by operating conditions (main nozzle diameter and pressure). For groups I, II, and III, it was observed that towpath spacings with values around 80 to 90% of the wetted diameter resulted on higher uniformity values. For group IV, higher uniformity values were obtained with spacings around 70 to 80% of the wetted diameter. For all geometric shapes (groups), the higher uniformity values were obtained with wetted sectors from 210 to 240o. KEYWORDS: sprinkler simulation, irrigation uniformity, sprinkler wetted sector

scholarly journals COMPOSIÇÃO DE PERFIS RADIAIS DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE ÁGUA DE ASPERSORES

Irriga ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliani Do Prado ◽  
Alberto Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Linear Relation ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Irrigation Uniformity ◽  
Nozzle Configuration ◽  
Composition Process

COMPOSIÇÃO DE PERFIS RADIAIS DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE ÁGUA DE ASPERSORES  Giuliani do Prado; Alberto ColomboDepartamento de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, [email protected]  1 RESUMO Este trabalho descreve um procedimento de composição do perfil radial de aspersores que operam com dois bocais. Foram determinados na bancada de ensaios de aspersores da Universidade Federal de Lavras, em Lavras/MG, os valores de vazão e perfil radial do aspersor PLONA-RL250 operando, individualmente, com os bocais principais 14 e28 mme com os bocais auxiliares 5, 6 e7 mm, e operando, nas diferentes seis combinações de bocal auxiliar e principal do aspersor, sob cinco pressões de serviço (292, 392, 490, 588 e 696 kPa). No processo de composição do perfil radial realizado, ajustando a vazão dos bocais auxiliar e principal, operando individualmente, a vazão do aspersor operando com o conjunto de bocais auxiliar e principal, verificou-se um coeficiente de determinação médio de 88,57% entre as intensidades de precipitação adimensionais dos perfis radiais compostos com os perfis radiais do conjunto. Na relação linear, ajustada, entre os valores de uniformidade de equipamentos autopropelidos de irrigação, obtidos com os perfis radiais compostos e do conjunto, a inclinação da reta foi igual a 44°12’com um erro relativo médio de 2,34%. Estes resultados mostram que o procedimento de composição do perfil radial de aspersores não influencia, de maneira significativa, na uniformidade de aplicação de água de aspersores. UNITERMOS: bocais do aspersor, vazão do aspersor, uniformidade de irrigação.  PRADO, G. DO; COLOMBO, A. SPRINKLER WATER DISTRIBUTION COMPOSITIONS  2 ABSTRACT This paper described a procedure to compose a sprinkler pattern for a sprinkler that operates with two nozzles. To compose the pattern, discharge values and patterns of the PLONA-RL250 sprinkler were determined at the sprinkler test bench of the Universidade Federal de Lavras, in Lavras/MG. The tests were conducted with all possible combinations using 14mm and28 mmmain nozzles and the 5, 6 and7 mmauxiliary nozzles as well as with each nozzle functioning individually. Five working pressures (294, 392, 490, 588 and 686 kPa) were used for each nozzle configuration. In the pattern composition process, by adjusting the main and auxiliary nozzle discharges operating individually, and by adjusting  the sprinkler discharge operating with the corresponding pair of main and auxiliary nozzles, it was verified that the average determination coefficient was 88.57% between the dimensionless water application rate of the composed and pair patterns. In the adjusted linear relation, between the uniformity values of a travel irrigation machine obtained from the composed and pair patterns, the inclination was 44° 12' with an average relative error of 2.34%. These results show that the procedure to compose a sprinkler pattern for sprinklers does not influence significantly the water application uniformity of sprinklers. KEY WORDS: sprinkler nozzles, sprinkler flow rate, irrigation uniformity

CERAMIC HISTORY, CERAMIC CHANGE, AND ARCHITECTURAL SEQUENCE AT ACANMUL, CAMPECHE: A LOCAL CHRONICLE AND ITS REGIONAL IMPLICATIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph W. Ball ◽  
Jennifer T. Taschek
Keyword(s):  
Architectural History ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
State University ◽  
Central Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
New Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
San Diego State University ◽  
The City

AbstractAcanmul is a medium-size center located at the north end of the Bay of Campeche about 25 km northeast of the city of Campeche. Between 1999 and 2005, three independent sets of investigations and major architectural consolidation were carried out at the center by archaeologists from the Universidad Autónoma de Campeche (UAC), the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH), Centro Regional de Campeche, and UAC in collaboration with San Diego State University. These efforts produced a wealth of new information on the archaeology of the central Campeche coast, including new insights into the emergence and evolution of the northern slateware tradition and the architectural history of the central coast from Preclassic through Postclassic times. New data concerning changing relationships through time of the central coast Maya to both the interior central and southern lowlands and to the northern plains also were documented, as was the mid ninth century sacking of the center. This article synthesizes the findings of the three separate institutional efforts at Acanmul and offers a number of new cultural historical scenarios and hypotheses based on them.

scholarly journals Effect of Pulse Drip Irrigation Duration on Water Distribution Uniformity

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2276
Author(s):  
David Lozano ◽  
Natividad Ruiz ◽  
Rafael Baeza ◽  
Juana I. Contreras ◽  
Pedro Gavilán
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Irrigation Performance ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Distribution Uniformity

Developing an appropriate irrigation schedule is essential in order to save water while at the same time maintaining high crop yields. The standard procedures of the field evaluation of distribution uniformity do not take into account the effects of the filling and emptying phases of the irrigation system. We hypothesized that, in sloping sandy soils, when short drip irrigation pulses are applied it is important to take into account the total water applied from the beginning of irrigation until the emptying of the irrigation system. To compute distribution uniformity, we sought to characterize the filling, stable pressure, and emptying phases of a standard strawberry irrigation system. We found that the shorter the time of the irrigation pulse, the worse the distribution uniformity and the potential application efficiency or zero deficit are. This effect occurs because as the volume of water applied during filling and emptying phases increases, the values of the irrigation performance indicators decrease. Including filling and emptying phases as causes of non-uniformity has practical implications for the management of drip irrigation systems in sloping sandy soils.

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