Evaluation of the surface roughness of a nanofilled composite resin submitted to different smoothing and finishing techniques

Abstract Introduction: Controlling the surface smoothness characteristics of the composite resin when performing a direct restorative technique is one of the factors involved in achieving restorative success. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness of a nanofilled composite resin submitted to different smoothing and finishing techniques. Material and method: Fifty test specimens were made with the Z350 XT composite resin (3M ESPE) and then divided into five study groups according to the smoothing and finishing method applied, as follows: G1 (control), polyester strip; G2, composite spatula; G3, brush cleaned with absolute alcohol and dried; G4, brush cleaned with absolute alcohol, dried and moistened with Single Bond (3M ESPE); and G5, brush cleaned with absolute alcohol, dried and moistened with Natural Glaze surface sealant (DFL). After fabrication, the specimens were stored for 24 h in deionized water. The surface roughness of the specimens was measured using a profilometer. Surface roughness means were compared by analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s test at a level of significance of 5%. Result: The lowest surface roughness was observed in G1 (control group) and the highest, in G3. G5 had lower surface roughness values compared to the other test groups, and presented values similar to those of the control group. Conclusion: The smoothing and finishing techniques influenced the surface roughness of the composite resin. Application of the surface sealant by the copolymerization technique resulted in lower roughness values. The use of a clean, dry brush promoted roughness values beyond the acceptable limit, and is therefore liable to compromise the performance of composite resin restorations.

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The Effect of Finishing and Polishing Procedures on the Surface Roughness of Composite Resin Materials

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jcdp-8-1-27 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 27-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Nuray Attar

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Composite Resin ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Composite Resins ◽

Control Group ◽

Surface Groups ◽

Average Roughness ◽

Strip Surface ◽

Polishing Procedures ◽

Surface Sealant

Abstract Aims The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of various finishing and polishing procedures on the surface roughness of six different composite resin materials (Artemis Enamel, TPH Spectrum, Filtek A–110, Filtek Supreme Enamel, Solitaire 2, and Filtek P–60) as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of the surface sealant application (BisCover) on the surface roughness after finishing and polishing procedures of tested composites. Methods and Materials Specimens (n=168) measuring 5 mm in diameter x 2 mm in thickness were fabricated in a plexiglass well covered with a Mylar strip using six composite resins. A control group of seven specimens of each material received no polishing after being cured under the Mylar strip. Twenty-one specimens for each composite were randomly divided among three finishing and polishing groups (n=7). Each group was polished using a different system: Carbide bur/Sof-Lex disc, Carbide bur/Enhance disc with polishing paste, and Carbide bur/Edenta composite finishing kit. The average surface roughness (Ra, ìm) of the control and treated specimens were measured with the Mitutoyo Surftest–402 Surface Roughness tester. After a surface sealant (BisCover) was applied to all treated specimens, according to manufacturer's instructions, the average roughness (Ra) was measured again. Results were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the post-hoc Scheffe's test at a p<0.05 significance level. Results Significant differences were found for the surface roughness (p<0.05) with interaction among composite resins and the finishing systems used (p<0.05). Enhance/Biscover finishing and polishing procedure surface was not significantly different from the Mylar strip surface groups (p>0.05). The Mylar strip group was not significantly different from the Sof-Lex/BisCover and Edenta/BisCover groups. The ranking of mean Ra values by materials was as follows: Filtek Supreme Enamel < Filtek A110 < TPH Spectrum < Artemis <Filtek P–60 < Solitaire 2. The ranking of mean Ra values by polishing systems was as follows: Enhance/BisCover < Mylar Strip < Sof-Lex/BisCover < Edenta/BisCover < Sof-Lex < Enhance < Edenta. Conclusion Smoother surfaces were recorded for the Enhance/BisCover and the Mylar strip-formed surface groups. The composite finishing kit Edenta significantly increased the Ra for all tested composites (p<0.05). But after finishing with Edenta, the use of a surface sealant (BisCover) significantly improved the surface smoothness of all tested composites (p<0.05). Use of BisCover surface sealant on anterior and posterior resin composite restorations after finishing and polishing procedures is recommended. Citation Attar N. The Effect of Finishing and Polishing Procedures on the Surface Roughness of Composite Resin Materials. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 January;(8)1:027-035.

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The effect of using blended learning strategy on science achievement among fourth grade students in Tafila Governorate Basira Education Directorate: أثر استخدام استراتيجية التعلم المتمازج في تحصيل العلوم لدى طلبة الصف الرابع الأساسي في محافظة الطفيلة مديرية تعليم بصيرا

المجلة العربية للعلوم ونشر الأبحاث مجلة العلوم التربوية والنفسية ◽

10.26389/ajsrp.z030221 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (30) ◽

pp. 104-118

Author(s):

Huda Abdalsalam Alzidaneen Huda Abdalsalam Alzidaneen

Keyword(s):

Blended Learning ◽

Science Achievement ◽

Learning Strategy ◽

Fourth Grade ◽

Study Groups ◽

Control Group ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fourth Grade Students ◽

Level Of Significance

This study aimed to find out the effect of the blended learning strategy on the achievement of the fourth-grade students in the basic science subject in the Basira Basira Directorate of Education in Tafila Governorate. The study members were selected by intentional method, and they numbered (52) students from fourth grade students in Al-Harith Basic School for Boys, and the two divisions were randomly assigned and distributed into two divisions. One of them is a control group, which was (27) students who were taught the traditional strategy, and the other is (25) students as an experimental one who learned the blended learning strategy. Its validity and reliability were verified and then applied to the study sample. The results of the study showed a statistically significant difference in the achievement of the study sample at the level of significance )α≤0.05) between the averages of the scores of the two study groups in favor of the experimental group that learned with the blended learning strategy. Achieving science among fourth-grade students in Tafila Governorate by securing the necessary infrastructure to facilitate the application of blended learning by equipping laboratories and ensuring the validity of the Internet.

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Does the temperature of beverages affect the surface roughness, hardness, and color stability of a composite resin?

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/1305-7456.110161 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 07 (02) ◽

pp. 165-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Duygu Tuncer ◽

Emel Karaman ◽

Esra Firat

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Composite Resin ◽

Color Change ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Color Stability ◽

The Other ◽

Control Group ◽

Baseline Values ◽

Hardness Values ◽

Properties Of Composites

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the effect of beverages′ temperature on the surface roughness, hardness, and color stability of a composite resin. Materials and Methods: Fifty specimens of the Filtek Z250 composite (3M ESPE, Dental Products, St.Paul, MN, USA) were prepared and initial roughness, microhardness, and color were measured. Then the specimens were randomly divided into five groups of 10 specimens each: Coffee at 70°C, coffee at 37°C, cola at 10°C, cola at 37°C, and artificial saliva (control). After the samples were subjected to 15 min × 3 cycles per day of exposure to the solutions for 30 days, the final measurements were recorded. Results: After immersion in beverages, the artificial saliva group showed hardness values higher than those of the other groups (P < 0.001) and the microhardness values were significantly different from the initial values in all groups except for the control group. Both cola groups showed roughness values higher than the baseline values (P < 0.05), while the other groups showed values similar to the baseline measurements. When ΔE measurements were examined, the 70°C coffee group showed the highest color change among all the groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: High-temperature solutions caused alterations in certain properties of composites, such as increased color change, although they did not affect the hardness or roughness of the composite resin material tested.

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Effect of whitening dentifrices on the surface roughness of a nanohybrid composite resin

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/1305-7456.178305 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (02) ◽

pp. 170-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gabriela Migliorin da Rosa ◽

Luciana Mendonça da Silva ◽

Márcio de Menezes ◽

Hugo Felipe do Vale ◽

Diego Ferreira Regalado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Composite Resin ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Mean Values ◽

Short Period ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Nanohybrid Composite ◽

One Way Anova

ABSTRACT Objectives: The present study verified the influence of whitening dentifrices on the surface roughness of a nanohybrid composite resin. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two specimens were prepared with Filtek™ Z350 XT (3M/ESPE) and randomly divided into four groups (n = 08) that were subjected to brushing simulation equivalent to the period of 1 month. The groups assessed were a control group with distilled water (G1), Colgate Total 12 Professional Clean (G2), Sensodyne Extra Whitener Extra Fresh (G3), and Colgate Luminous White (G4). A sequence of 90 cycles was performed for all the samples. The initial roughness of each group was analyzed by the Surface Roughness Tester (TR 200-TIME Group Inc., CA, USA). After the brushing period, the final roughness was measured, and the results were statistically analyzed using nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn tests for intergroup roughness comparison in the time factor. For intragroup and “Δ Final − Initial” comparisons, the Wilcoxon test and (one-way) ANOVA were, respectively, performed (α = 0.05). Results: The roughness mean values before and after brushing showed no statistically significant difference when the different dentifrices were used. None of the dentifrices analyzed increased significantly the nanohybrid composite resin surface roughness in a 1 month of tooth brushing simulation. Conclusions: These results suggest that no hazardous effect on the roughness of nanohybrid composite resin can be expected when whitening dentifrices are used for a short period. Similar studies should be conducted to analyze other esthetic composite materials.

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Effect of surface sealant on the color stability of composite resin restorations

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402011000500003 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 365-368 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Fernanda Valentini ◽

Simone Gomes Dias de Oliveira ◽

Guilherme Zdradk Guimarães ◽

Renata Pereira de Sousa Barbosa ◽

Rafael Ratto de Moraes

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Composite Resin ◽

Color Stability ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Repeated Measures Anova ◽

Color Measurements ◽

Composite Resin Restorations ◽

Surface Sealant ◽

Effect Of Surface ◽

Resin Restorations

This study investigated the effect of sealant application on the color stability of composite resin restorations. Cavities in bovine incisors were restored with composite resin (Opallis; FGM) and the teeth were assigned to 4 groups (n=10). A sealant (Fill Glaze; Vigodent) was applied over the restorations of 2 groups. Baseline color measurements based on the CIEL*a*b* system were carried out using a spectrophotometer. Half the number of specimens was immersed in distilled water, and half was immersed in coffee 4 h/day. Color measurements were repeated after 1 h, 24 h, 7 days and 3 months. Data for each immersion solution were separately subjected to a two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=0.05). For the group without sealant immersed in water, no significant differences were observed among the periods (p≥0.138), but the color was different compared with baseline (p<0.001). For the group with sealant application, the periods baseline, 1 h and 3 months presented similar results (p≥0.924). For groups immersed in coffee, when the sealant was not used, no significant differences were detected between the baseline and the periods 1 h and 24 h (p≥0.499), but the color changed significantly thereafter (p≤0.003). In the group with sealant, significant differences were detected for all periods compared with each other (p<0.001). In conclusion, application of sealant dramatically increased the staining of the restorations exposed to coffee.

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Step-by-step teaching method: improving learning outcomes of undergraduate dental students in layering techniques for direct composite resin restorations

BMC Medical Education ◽

10.1186/s12909-020-02230-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jia-xue Yuan ◽

Ke-yu Yang ◽

Jing Ma ◽

Zhen-zhen Wang ◽

Qing-yu Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Composite Resin ◽

Teaching Method ◽

Dental Students ◽

Control Group ◽

Final Score ◽

Composite Resin Restorations ◽

Group Control Group ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Resin Restorations

Abstract Background Layering techniques for direct composite resin restorations might be complicated for inexperienced learners, as a number of materials and instruments are required at each step. The present study aimed to compare and assess the teaching effect of step-by-step and all-in-one teaching methods in layering techniques for direct composite resin restorations among undergraduate dental students. Methods A total of 68 junior dental students participated in this study, which was a prospective and single-blind trial. The students were randomly divided into a step-by-step group (experimental group, n = 34) and all-in-one group (control group, n = 34). The same teacher taught the two groups, ensuring a comparable teaching effect. The final score of each student was an average of scores by two experts who were blinded to the grouping. The scoring system was consisted by five parts. Each part was assigned scores of 3.0, 1.5, or 0. The total maximum score was 15 and minimum was 0. The total time taken by each group was also calculated. Results The values of the quality of tooth restorations evaluated by experts for step-by-step and all-in-one groups were 11.29 ± 2.13 from 15 and 9.00 ± 2.71 from 15 (t = 3.88, P < 0.001), respectively. In addition, the time spent by the experimental group was significantly lesser than that spent by the control group, which was 122.47 ± 2.82 and 137.18 ± 6.75 min, respectively (t = 11.72, p < 0.001). Conclusion With regard to the layering techniques for direct composite resin restorations, the outcomes were better in the step-by-step group than in the all-in-one group.

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Comparison of shear bond strength of orthodontics brackets on composite resin restorations with different surface treatments

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/s2176-94512013000400014 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 98-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Alexandre Antonio Ribeiro ◽

Ariane Vicente de Morais ◽

Daniel Paludo Brunetto ◽

Antonio Carlos de Oliveira Ruellas ◽

Monica Tirre Souza de Araujo

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Composite Resin ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Dental Enamel ◽

Acrylic Resin ◽

Orthodontic Brackets ◽

Control Group ◽

Post Test ◽

Composite Resin Restorations ◽

Resin Restorations

INTRODUCTION: Orthodontic patients frequently present composite resin restorations, however there are few studies that evaluate the best way for orthodontic bonding in this situation. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work was to evaluate the bond strength of orthodontic brackets in resin restorations with surface treatment. METHODS: Fifty one bovine lower incisors were randomly divided into three groups. On the control group (CG) the brackets were bonded to dental enamel; on experimental groups, brackets were bonded to resin restoration with diamond drill treatment (EGT) and with no treatment (EGN). The teeth were placed in PVC tubes with autopolymerized acrylic resin. The shear test was performed in EMIC universal testing machine. The groups were submitted to ANOVA analysis of variance with Tukey post test to verify the statistical difference between groups (α = 0.05). RESULTS: CG (6.62 MPa) and EGT (6.82 MPa) groups presented similar results, while EGN (5.07 MPa) obtained statistically lower results (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Therefore, it is concluded that the best technique for bonding of orthodontic brackets on composite resin restorations is the performance of surface detritions.

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Effect of Surface Sealants and Polishing Time on Composite Surface Roughness and Microhardness

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/17-048-l ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 408-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

VC Ruschel ◽

VS Bona ◽

LN Baratieri ◽

HP Maia

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Composite Resin ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Composite Surface ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Surface Sealants ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Surface Sealant ◽

Effect Of Surface

SUMMARY The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of surface sealants and polishing delay time on a nanohybrid resin composite roughness and microhardness. Eighty disc specimens were made with a nanohybrid resin (Esthet-X HD, Dentsply). The specimens were divided into two groups (n=40) according to polishing time: immediate, after 10 minutes; delayed, after 48 hours. Each group was subdivided into four groups (n=10), according to the surface treatment: CG, control–rubber points (Jiffy Polishers, Ultradent); PP, rubber points + surface sealant (PermaSeal, Ultradent); PF, rubber points + surface sealant (Fortify, Bisco); PB, rubber points + surface sealant (BisCover, Bisco). Surface roughness (Ra) and microhardness (50 g/15 seconds) were measured. Surface morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The data were analyzed statistically using one-way analysis of variance and the Games-Howell post hoc test (α=0.05). PermaSeal roughness (G2) in the delayed polishing group was significantly higher (p=0.00) than that of the other groups. No difference was observed among the groups between immediate and delayed polishing (p=1.00), except for PermaSeal (p=0.00). Moreover, PermaSeal showed the lowest microhardness values (p=0.00) for immediate polishing. Microhardness was higher at delayed polishing for all the surface treatments (p=0.00) except Fortify (p=0.73). Surface smoothness similar to polishing with rubber points was achieved when surface sealants were used, except for PermaSeal surface sealant, which resulted in a less smooth resin composite surface. However, surface sealant application did not significantly improve composite resin microhardness.

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Effect of thermal cycling and filling technique on leakage of composite resin restorations

Journal of Applied Oral Science ◽

10.1590/s1678-77572004000400010 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 307-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Silvia Kenshima ◽

Rosa Helena Miranda Grande ◽

Julio da Motta Singer ◽

Rafael Yagüe Ballester

Keyword(s):

Thermal Cycling ◽

Silver Nitrate ◽

Composite Resin ◽

Composite Resins ◽

Fluorescent Light ◽

Single Bond ◽

Class V ◽

Composite Resin Restorations ◽

Nail Varnish

The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effect on leakage of two incremental filling techniques and two composite resins with different elastic modulus and similar polymerization shrinkage. Eighty Class V cavities (4x4x2mm) were prepared in bovine incisors and were randomly restored with Z-250 (Z) or Durafill VS (D) + Single Bond in axial (a) or oblique (o) increments. The restorations were divided into two groups: Not Aged - N (4-hour-storage in water at 37ºC) and Aged - A (1-week storage in water at 37ºC + 1000 x - 5º-55ºC / 1-min dwell time). The specimens were covered with 2 coats of nail varnish so that only the restoration margins were exposed to silver nitrate 50% (2h) and developed under fluorescent light (8h). After they were sectioned twice in buccal-lingual direction, the four exposed surfaces were digitized (Vidcap) and the silver nitrate penetration was measured (ImageLab) at the incisal and gingival walls. Data were analyzed by a 3-way ANOVA (Resin, Filling Technique and Aging) separately for incisal and gingival walls (alpha=0.05). Resin and Aging were statistically significant either for the incisal and the gingival walls. The microfill composite resin infiltrated more than the hybrid composite. The thermal cycling caused an overall increase in silver nitrate penetration. The filling technique affected leakage depending on the composite resin and aging regimen.

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Analysis of Arch Widths in Patients With Isolated Pierre Robin Sequence

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1177/1055665617718529 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 70-73

Author(s):

A. S. C. Ohashi ◽

T. Varela ◽

I. L. Marques ◽

T. V. S. Brosco ◽

R. P. Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Study Groups ◽

Control Group ◽

Robin Sequence ◽

Intergroup Comparison ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Palate Repair ◽

Level Of Significance ◽

Cleft Extension ◽

Transversal Study ◽

3D Digital Models

Objective: To compare arch widths of patients with isolated Robin sequence (IRS) operated using modified von Langenbeck technique and modified Furlow double-opposing z-plasty. Design: Retrospective, transversal study. Setting: Hospital of Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil. Patients: Three groups of patients were analyzed. Group VL comprised 30 patients with IRS operated by von Langenbeck technique (mean age of 8.1 years); group FL included 30 patients with IRS operated by Furlow technique (7.6 years); and the control group included 30 noncleft patients with class I occlusion (7.4 years). The palate repair was performed between 1.0 and 1.7 years of age in both study groups. Transversal measurements of maxillary and mandibular arches were performed digitally on 3D digital models. Statistic: The intergroup comparison was performed using analysis of variance and Tukey test. An independent t test was used to compare the complete and incomplete types of cleft in both study groups. The level of significance was 5%. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the VL and FL groups for maxillary and mandibular arches. However, both groups showed decreased transversal dimensions compared with the control group ( P < .01) for both dental arches. No differences for arch widths were observed for complete or incomplete palatal clefts. Conclusions: No influence of palate repair techniques was observed in the transversal arch widths in patients with IRS. Children with IRS operated for palate repair showed constriction of the maxillary and mandibular dental arches compared with noncleft children regardless the palatal cleft extension.

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