scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF SERUM PROTEIN DURING THE ESTROUS CYCLE OF GOATS BRED IN BRAZIL AND NATURALLY INFECTED BY CAPRINE ARTHRITIS ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
F.C. Cyrillo ◽  
M.L. do R. Leal ◽  
F.J. Benesi ◽  
A.M.M. de P. Della Libera
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Estrus Cycle ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Biuret Method ◽  
Alpha Beta

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to evaluate variations in proteinogram occurring during the estrus cycle of animals infected or not by caprine arthritis encephalitis. Forty blood samples were collected from female goats in different phases of the estrus cycle (estrus, proestrus, metaestrus and diestrus). Samples were classified as positive (n = 5) and negative (n = 5), according to the results of the survey of antibodies against caprine arthritis encephalitis as performed by immunodiffusion in agar gel. Samples were also used in the determination of albumin, total protein and alpha, beta and gammaglobulin by means of electrophoresis and biuret method, respectively. Electrophoresis showed that estrus, proestrus, metaestrus and diestrus positive animals presented total protein mean equal to 7.96 ± 0.69, 7.67 ± 1.14, 7.77 ± 0.36, 7.48 ± 0.83; mean albumin equal to 3.22 ± 0.41, 3.11 ± 0.68, 3.30 ± 0.67, 3.28 ± 0.57; mean alphaglobulin equal to 0.70 ± 0.09, 0.70 ± 0.12, 0.69 ± 0.12, 0.61 ± 0.11; mean betaglobulin 1 equal to 0.85 ± 0.04, 0.87 ± 0.04, 0.90 ± 0.12, 0.83 ± 0.11; mean betaglobulin 2 equal to 0.77 ± 0.18, 0.68 ± 0.17, 0.60 ± 0.15, 0.54 ± 0.09; and mean gammaglobulin equal to 2.43 ± 0.47, 2.31 ± 0.54, 2.28 ± 0.49, 2.21 ± 0.54. Negative animals presented mean total protein equal 7.76 ± 1.31, 8.03 ± 1.10, 7.50 ± 0.51, 6.49 ± 1.14; mean albumin equal to 3.06 ± 0.46, 3.19 ± 0.46, 3.03 ± 0.62, 2.93 ± 0.96; mean alphaglobulin equal to 0.69 ± 0.19, 0.75 ± 0.18, 0.70 ± 0.24, 0.58 ± 0.20; mean betaglobulin 1 equal to 0.79 ± 0.03, 0.79 ± 0.23, 0.80 ± 0.15, 0.66 ± 0.16; mean betaglobulin 2 equal to 0.67 ± 0.20, 0.95 ± 0.37, 0.81 ± 0.40, 0.73 ± 0.41; and mean gammaglobulin equal to 2.35 ± 1.42; 2.42 ± 1.30, 2.23 ± 1.03, 1.92 ± 0.70, respectively. Variance analysis did not show any statistically significant differences. Animals infected by caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) did not present any changes in proteinogram, regardless of the phase of the estrus cycle they were in.

scholarly journals EXERCISE-INDUCED CHANGES IN THE LEVEL OF TOTAL PROTEIN AND ITS FRACTIONS IN THE BLOOD OF HORSES INVOLVED IN RECREATIONAL HORSEBACK RIDING

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Halyna Tkachenko ◽  
Natalia Kurhaluk ◽  
Irina Tkachova
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Horseback Riding ◽  
Jugular Veins ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Biuret Method ◽  
G Ratio ◽  
Resting Period

The aim of the current study was to do the analysis of the total protein and its fraction in the blood samples of horses, which are involved in recreational horseback riding in the Pomeranian region (Pomeranian Voivodship, northern Poland). Thirteen healthy adult horses from the Pomeranian region in Poland (Strzelinko village, N54°30´48.0´´ E16°57´44.9´´), aged 9.5±2.4 years, including 5 Hucul ponies, 2 Thoroughbred horses, 2 Anglo-Arabian horses, and 4 horses of unknown breed, were used in the current study.Training started at 10:00 AM, lasted 1 hour, and consisted of a ride of cross country by the walking (5 min), the trotting (15 min), the walking (10 min), the trotting (10 min), the walking (5 min), the galloping (5 min), and the walking (10 min). Blood samples were taken from the jugular veins of the animals in the morning time, 90 minutes after feeding, while the horses were in the stables (between 8:30 and 10 AM), and immediately after the exercise session (between 11:00 AM and 2:00 PM). To obtain serum, the blood was collected in plain tubes without anticoagulants. Blood was stored in tubes with K3-EDTA and held on ice until centrifugation at 3,000g for 15 minutes. The plasma was removed.The total protein and its fractions were measured at +23°C by the biuret method with the use of commercially available reagents and a compact semi-automated analyzer RX Monza (Randox Laboratories LTD., UK) according to the procedures described by the manufacturer. The biuret method is the most widely used colorimetric method for the determination of the total protein concentration in serum because of its simplicity, precision, and accuracy. The absorbance of each sample was measured in duplicate.Results are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. All variables were tested for normal distribution using the Kholmogorov-Smirnov test (p>0.05). To find significant differences (significance level, p<0.05) between at the rest and after exercise, the Wilconson signed-rank test was applied to the data. All statistical analyses were performed using STATISTICA 8.0 software (StatSoft, Krakow, Poland). The total protein level in the blood of horses exhibited a non-significant increase (by 7.1%, p>0.05) immediately after exercise as compared to the resting period. Also, the albumin and globulin levels in the blood of horses were non-significantly increased by 5.9% (р>0.05) and 8.1% (р>0.05) after the training sessions. There were no significant differences in serum albumin/globulin ratio between the resting period and after exercise (0.997±0.09 vs. 0.977±0.08). The results of our current study showed that exercise has a statistically non-significant effect on the total proteins and their fractions in equine serum. The fractions and the A/G ratio were within the range of values obtained in horses in other studies. Thus, it was found that total protein and its fractions were increased in horses after training, and this increase was insignificant. This increase has a direct correlation with exercise. In this paper, it is shown that training can change the physiology and affect the biochemistry of hematobiochemical blood parameters in horses subjected to physical exertion.

Effect of a Leucine Analogue on Incorporation of Glycine into the Proteins of Explanted Chick Embryos

Development ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-269
Author(s):  
Phyllis W. Schultz ◽  
Heinz Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Egg Extract ◽  
Amino Acid Analogues

Amino acid analogues have been observed to give rise to abnormal forms of development of chick and amphibian embryos (Herrmann, 1953; Rothfels, 1954; Waddington & Sirlin, 1954; Feldman & Waddington, 1955; Herrmann, Rothfels-Konigsberg, & Curry, 1955). Assuming that these disturbances may be due to interference with the utilization of amino acids for protein formation, we have attempted an analysis of this effect by comparison of the protein contents and of the uptake of glycine into the proteins of chick embryo explants in the presence and absence of amino acid analogues. The results of such experiments are reported in this paper. The chick embryos used for explanation, the explantation technique, and the determination of total protein glycine and of tracer glycine were essentially the same as described previously (Herrmann & Schultz, 1958). The embryos were explanted at the 11–13 somite stage on to the surface of an agar gel containing egg extract as nutrient medium following the procedure given by Spratt (1947) as modified by Rothfels (1954).

Concentration of dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid but not lithium heparin affects total protein determination in equine synovial fluid

2020 ◽  
Vol 187 (8) ◽  
pp. e62-e62
Author(s):  
Pablo Jimenez Rihuete ◽  
Nicolas Villarino ◽  
Alicja Pelisiak ◽  
Luis M Rubio-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Protein Determination ◽  
Collection Tube ◽  
Refractometric Determination ◽  
Biuret Method

BackgroundRefractometric determination of total protein (TP) in synovial fluid (SF) is commonly used for diagnosis and monitoring of synovial sepsis in horses. Previous studies have shown that elevated concentrations of certain anticoagulants may overestimate refractometric determination of TP concentration.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of dipotassium EDTA (K2EDTA) and lithium heparin (LH) on TP determination by using a hand-held refractometer in equine synovial fluid.Study designCross-section observational study.MethodsThirty samples of synovial fluid obtained from 22 horses with different synovial conditions were collected. Synovial fluid samples were separated into different aliquots and placed in commercially available collection tubes containing K2EDTA or LH at four different concentrations (1.76, 3.52, 7.04 and 17.6 mg/ml for K2EDTA; 16, 32, 64 and 160 IU/ml for LH) . Refractometric TP determination was performed on untreated and K2EDTA and LH aliquots with a hand-held refractometer and by spectophotometric Biuret method as the gold standard.ResultsRefractometric TP determination was overestimated in SF samples containing 10 times the recommended K2EDTA concentrations. Lower concentrations of K2EDTA and LH concentrations did not affect refractometric TP determinations.Main limitationsLimited number of samples mostly obtained from large synovial structures.ConclusionTo avoid incorrect TP determination, the use of LH containing collection tubes may be an appropriate alternative when the SF volume available is not enough to fill the K2EDTA collection tube.

Effect of protein concentration on the determination of digoxin in serum by fluorescence polarization immunoassay.

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1826-1829 ◽  
Author(s):  
W H Porter ◽  
V M Haver ◽  
B A Bush
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Fluorescence Polarization ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay ◽  
Total Protein Concentration ◽  
Protein Pellet

Abstract Determination of digoxin by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) with the Abbott "TDx" is significantly influenced by the concentration of total serum protein. Each 10 g/L increase in serum protein results in an 8% decrease in measured digoxin. Studies with [3H]digoxin confirmed that digoxin binds to the protein pellet during the trichloroacetic acid precipitation step before the immunoassay. Serum protein, or equal concentrations of albumin or gamma-globulin, exert an equivalent effect on the apparent digoxin value. Because the total protein concentration of the assay calibrators is low (50 g/L) compared with its reference interval in serum (60-80 g/L), results by FPIA may be expected to be low by an average of 16% (range, 8-24%). Digoxin results by FPIA will be most nearly accurate when the calibrators include a total protein concentration of about 70 g/L. Patients' specimens with abnormally high or low protein content will give falsely high or low results for digoxin.

scholarly journals Serum biochemical profile of neonatal buffalo calves

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Souza ◽  
D.G. Silva ◽  
T.G. Rocha ◽  
B.M. Monteiro ◽  
G.T. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Ionized Calcium ◽  
Buffalo Calves ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Murrah Buffalo ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Serum Biochemical Profile

ABSTRACT Serum blood samples from 50 Murrah buffalo calves were examined in this study. The animals were allocated into three groups according to the number of parturitions of their mothers: G1 (n= 15) calves from primiparous buffaloes, G2 (n= 19) calves from buffaloes with two to four parturitions, and G3 (n= 16) calves from buffaloes with five or more parturitions. Blood samples were taken at birth, before colostrum ingestion, at 24h, 48h, and 72h after birth, and at 7, 14, 21, and 30 days after birth for determination of levels of gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase, total protein, albumin, globulins (including immunoglobulin G), iron, total calcium, ionized calcium, phosphorus, sodium, and potassium. The age of the calves was found to influence all of the biochemical parameters, with the exception of ionized calcium and potassium in the calves in groups G1 and G3. The calving order was found to influence AST, GGT, total protein, albumin, and globulins, including IgG. The high serum ALP activity in the first two days after birth indicates that measurement of the levels of this enzyme may be used as an indirect method of assessing passive immunity transfer.

scholarly journals Determination of Chicken and Turkey Plasma and Serum Protein Concentrations by Refractometry and the Biuret Method

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire B. Andreasen ◽  
Kenneth S. Latimer ◽  
Ingrid M. Kircher ◽  
John Brown
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Biuret Method

Automated multiple flow-injection analysis in clinical chemistry: determination of total protein with Biuret reagent.

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1454-1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
C E Shideler ◽  
K K Stewart ◽  
J Crump ◽  
M R Wills ◽  
J Savory ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Injection ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Pressure Injection ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Biuret Method ◽  
High Pressure Injection

Abstract We have examined the feasibility of the automated multiple flow-injection technique for application to clinical chemistry by adapting to this system the biuret method for the determination of total protein. Samples were discretely and rapidly introduced into a continuously flowing, nonsegmented reagent stream by means of an automatic sampler and high-pressure injection valve. Pumps operating at 1380-2070 kPa (200-300 psi) were utilized to introduce the biuret reagent and saline diluent into the system separately at flow rates of 72 and 47 microL/s, respectively. Use of 20-microL sample and a 3.0-s reaction-delay coil was adequately sensitive for analysis for total protein by this method. Samples were analyzed at a rate of 150/h with no detectable between-sample carryover. Within-run precision studies yielded relative standard deviations of 2.5% and less. Total protein values obtained by this method correlated well with those obtained by centrifugal analyzer and bubble-segmented continuous-flow biuret methods.

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