Effect of a Leucine Analogue on Incorporation of Glycine into the Proteins of Explanted Chick Embryos

Development ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-269
Author(s):  
Phyllis W. Schultz ◽  
Heinz Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Egg Extract ◽  
Amino Acid Analogues

Amino acid analogues have been observed to give rise to abnormal forms of development of chick and amphibian embryos (Herrmann, 1953; Rothfels, 1954; Waddington & Sirlin, 1954; Feldman & Waddington, 1955; Herrmann, Rothfels-Konigsberg, & Curry, 1955). Assuming that these disturbances may be due to interference with the utilization of amino acids for protein formation, we have attempted an analysis of this effect by comparison of the protein contents and of the uptake of glycine into the proteins of chick embryo explants in the presence and absence of amino acid analogues. The results of such experiments are reported in this paper. The chick embryos used for explanation, the explantation technique, and the determination of total protein glycine and of tracer glycine were essentially the same as described previously (Herrmann & Schultz, 1958). The embryos were explanted at the 11–13 somite stage on to the surface of an agar gel containing egg extract as nutrient medium following the procedure given by Spratt (1947) as modified by Rothfels (1954).

scholarly journals Inhibition by α-methyl-norvaline of the uptake of valine and leucine into haemoglobin of the chick embryo

Development ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-295
Author(s):  
E. M. Deuchar ◽  
A. M. L. Dryland
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Area Vasculosa

We reported recently (Deuchar & Dryland, 1965) that α-methyl-norvaline, an amino acid whose structure resembles both valine and leucine, inhibits the uptake of these two normal amino- acids into protein in explanted chick embryos and is also itself incorporated into embryonic proteins. Since the first effect of α-methyl-norvaline that we had noted (Deuchar & Dryland, 1964) was a reduction in the quantity of haemoglobin formed in the cells of the area vasculosa, it was of special interest to see whether this inhibitor blocked the uptake of valine and/or leucine into haemoglobin in particular and whether it was at the same time taken up itself into haemoglobin. The results of experiments in which haemoglobin has been extracted from area vasculosa explants and the uptake of radioactively labelled amino acids into it has been measured, are reported here.

scholarly journals Determination of amino acids in human biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography: critical review

Amino Acids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grażyna Gałęzowska ◽  
Joanna Ratajczyk ◽  
Lidia Wolska
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Preparation Conditions

AbstractThe quantitation and qualification of amino acids are most commonly used in clinical and epidemiological studies, and provide an excellent way of monitoring compounds in human fluids which have not been monitored previously, to prevent some diseases. Because of this, it is not surprising that scientific interest in evaluating these compounds has resurfaced in recent years and has precipitated the development of a multitude of new analytical techniques. This review considers recent developments in HPLC analytics on the basis of publications from the last few years. It helps to update and systematize knowledge in this area. Particular attention is paid to the progress of analytical methods, pointing out the advantages and drawbacks of the various techniques used for the preparation, separation and determination of amino acids. Depending on the type of sample, the preparation conditions for HPLC analysis change. For this reason, the review has focused on three types of samples, namely urine, blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Despite time-consuming sample preparation before HPLC analysis, an additional derivatization technique should be used, depending on the detection technique used. There are proposals for columns that are specially modified for amino acid separation without derivatization, but the limit of detection of the substance is less beneficial. In view of the fact that amino acid analyses have been performed for years and new solutions may generate increased costs, it may turn out that older proposals are much more advantageous.

scholarly journals Determination of Methylated Basic Amino Acids with the Amino Acid Analyzer

1973 ◽  
Vol 248 (7) ◽  
pp. 2387-2391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gladys E. Deibler ◽  
Russell E. Martenson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Basic Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Analyzer

scholarly journals Determination of free amino acids in plants by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (18) ◽  
pp. 7574-7581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena M. Dziągwa-Becker ◽  
Jose M. Marin Ramos ◽  
Jakub K. Topolski ◽  
Wiesław A. Oleszek
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Amino Acid Determination ◽  
Acid Determination

Free amino acid determination in plants by LC-MS/MS.

scholarly journals Amino Acid Composition of Milk from Cow, Sheep and Goat Raised in Ailano and Valle Agricola, Two Localities of ‘Alto Casertano’ (Campania Region)

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2431
Author(s):  
Nicola Landi ◽  
Sara Ragucci ◽  
Antimo Di Maro
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Campania Region

Cow, sheep and goat raw milk raised in Ailano and Valle Agricola territories (‘Alto Casertano’, Italy) were characterized (raw proteins, free and total amino acids content) to assess milk quality. Raw milk with the highest total protein content is sheep milk followed by goat and cow milk from both localities. Total amino acid content in cow, goat and sheep raw milk is 4.58, 4.81 and 6.62 g per 100 g, respectively, in which the most abundant amino acid is glutamic acid (~20.36 g per 100 g of proteins). Vice versa, the free amino acids content characteristic profiles are different for each species. In particular, the most abundant free amino acid in cow, sheep and goat raw milk is glutamic acid (9.07 mg per 100 g), tyrosine (4.72 mg per 100 g) and glycine (4.54 mg per 100 g), respectively. In addition, goat raw milk is a source of taurine (14.92 mg per 100 g), retrieved in low amount in cow (1.38 mg per 100 g) and sheep (2.10 mg per 100 g) raw milk. Overall, raw milk from ‘Alto Casertano’ show a high total protein content and are a good source of essential amino acids.

COMPETITION BETWEEN AMINO ACIDS FOR TRANSPORT INTO EHRLICH ASCITES CARCINOMA CELLS

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1717-1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Scholefield
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Radioactive Carbon ◽  
Ehrlich Ascites ◽  
Competitive Inhibitors ◽  
Amino Acid Analogues

The cumulative entry of amino acids into Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells is due to the presence of active transport systems, each with its own specific range of substrates. Several amino acids and amino acid analogues may have an affinity for the same transport system and thus may inhibit transport of other amino acids by acting as competitive inhibitors or competitive substrates. Loss of methionine from ascites cells takes place by a diffusion process which obeys Fick's law. Leucine accumulation by ascites cells is small and is increased on addition of certain other amino acids. The increase is not due to inhibition of leucine oxidation as increase in the rate of production of radioactive carbon dioxide from labeled leucine also occurs. Kinetic aspects of these results are discussed.

Application of FT-IR Spectrometry to Determine the Global Metabolic Adaptations to Physical Conditioning in Sportsmen

2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1259-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril Petibois ◽  
Georges Cazorla ◽  
André Cassaigne ◽  
Gérard Déléris
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Physical Conditioning ◽  
Ir Spectrometry ◽  
Metabolic Adaptations ◽  
Spectral Area ◽  
Ft Ir

Global metabolic adaptations to physical conditioning were described in 15 subjects by FT-IR spectrometry as the method allowed determination of glucose (Glc), lactate (La), glycerol, triglycerides (TG), fatty acyl moieties (FAM), and total amino acids plasma concentrations. Subtraction of plasma FT-IR spectra obtained at resting state from the exercise spectra also allowed determination of the biomolecular response to exercise. On week 1, exercise induced a transient hypoglycemia, a lactatemia increase of 153%, a FAM depletion of 27%, and a TG concentration decrease of 28%. Protein contents increased by 2%, but these were partly catabolized for amino acid supply (+27%), suggesting an important metabolic stress during exercise. On week 3, exercise hypoglycemia had disappeared, lactate increase was diminished by 91%, TG contents were decreased by 14%, and proteins and amino acids exhibited higher absorption increases. On week 5, TG and FAM concentrations were markedly increased during exercise, protein absorption was still increased (+9%), but amino acid blood release was diminished by 81%. These results described positive adaptations to training. Furthermore, FAM concentration could be determined from plasma FT-IR spectra by using the 2996–2819 cm−1 spectral area [ νas(CH3), νas(CH2), νs(CH3), and νs(CH2) absorbance; 0.82 mMol·L−1, a.u. cm−1], as well as for amino acid concentration by using the ν(COO−) spectral area (1430–1360 cm−1; 0.062 g·L−1, a.u. × cm−1). FT-IR spectrometry was useful to determine simultaneously various plasma concentrations and most of the biomolecular changes through successive samples.

scholarly journals 24-Epibrassinolide Restores the Synthesis of Proteins and Amino Acids in Brassica juncea L. Leaves Under Imidacloprid Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anket Sharma ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Ashwani Kumar Thukral ◽  
Renu Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Amino Acid Contents

Abstract Pesticides are applied to protect crops from a variety of insect pests but their application cause toxicity to plants that results, among others, in reduction of protein as well as amino acid contents. The present study is aimed at observing the effect of seed pre-soaking with 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) on the protein and amino acid content in the leaves of Brassica juncea L. grown in soil that is amended with pesticide im-idacloprid (IMI). Soil amendment with IMI resulted in a decrease in the contents in leaves of total proteins and 21 amino acids studied. Seed soaking with 100 nM of EBL resulted in the recovery of total protein as well as amino acid contents in leaves, when compared with plants grown in only IMI amended soils.

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