Automated multiple flow-injection analysis in clinical chemistry: determination of total protein with Biuret reagent.

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1454-1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
C E Shideler ◽  
K K Stewart ◽  
J Crump ◽  
M R Wills ◽  
J Savory ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Injection ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Pressure Injection ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Biuret Method ◽  
High Pressure Injection

Abstract We have examined the feasibility of the automated multiple flow-injection technique for application to clinical chemistry by adapting to this system the biuret method for the determination of total protein. Samples were discretely and rapidly introduced into a continuously flowing, nonsegmented reagent stream by means of an automatic sampler and high-pressure injection valve. Pumps operating at 1380-2070 kPa (200-300 psi) were utilized to introduce the biuret reagent and saline diluent into the system separately at flow rates of 72 and 47 microL/s, respectively. Use of 20-microL sample and a 3.0-s reaction-delay coil was adequately sensitive for analysis for total protein by this method. Samples were analyzed at a rate of 150/h with no detectable between-sample carryover. Within-run precision studies yielded relative standard deviations of 2.5% and less. Total protein values obtained by this method correlated well with those obtained by centrifugal analyzer and bubble-segmented continuous-flow biuret methods.

Automated multiple flow-injection analysis in clinical chemistry: determination of albumin with bromcresol green.

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
B W Renoe ◽  
K K Stewart ◽  
G R Beecher ◽  
M R Wills ◽  
J Savory
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Relative Standard Deviation ◽  
Flow Injection ◽  
Flow Injection Analysis ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Analytical Results ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Clinical Chemical ◽  
Bromcresol Green

Abstract We describe an adaptation of automated multiple flow-injection analysis instrumentation to an analysis for albumin in serum. The bromcresol green reaction was used to test the utility of the system. The approach yielded albumin results with excellent sensitivity, no measurable carryover, a relative standard deviation of less than 1%, good correlations with published procedures, and no measurable interferences. The simplicity and flexibility of the instrumentation and its performance integrity, as indicated by the analytical results, make this a viable clinical chemical tool.

Simultaneous Determination of Copper, Lead and Zinc in Alloy by Potentiometric Titration Coupled with Multivariate Calibration Using a Flow Injection Technique

2013 ◽  
Vol 785-786 ◽  
pp. 1353-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan Gai Deng ◽  
Li Fu Liao ◽  
Wei Long
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Potentiometric Titration ◽  
Flow Injection ◽  
Multivariate Calibration ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Determination Of Copper ◽  
Copper Lead

A new potentiometric titration method coupled with multivariate calibration using a flow injection technique for the simultaneous determination of multi-components in alloy has been developed. the titrant is a mixture of EDTA and sodium fluoride, both mercury film electrode and fluorinion selective electrode are inserted in the flow cell. In a process of titration, both the potentiometric of mercury ion and the mixed proportion of reactants at each titration point can be obtained simultaneously from the two electrodes, and then the concentration of each component in the mixture can be obtained from the titration curves by multivariate calibration method. The method is free of volumetric and time measurements, and reduces the consumption of reagents and samples. The method is also very quick in analysis rapidity. The method has been applied for the simultaneous determination of copper, lead and zinc in alloy samples with the relative standard deviation of 0.18%~0.45% and the recovery of 99.5%~101.6%.

Automated multiple flow-injection analysis in clinical chemistry: determination of albumin with bromcresol green.

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-334
Author(s):  
B W Renoe ◽  
K K Stewart ◽  
G R Beecher ◽  
M R Wills ◽  
J Savory
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Relative Standard Deviation ◽  
Flow Injection ◽  
Flow Injection Analysis ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Analytical Results ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Clinical Chemical ◽  
Bromcresol Green

Abstract We describe an adaptation of automated multiple flow-injection analysis instrumentation to an analysis for albumin in serum. The bromcresol green reaction was used to test the utility of the system. The approach yielded albumin results with excellent sensitivity, no measurable carryover, a relative standard deviation of less than 1%, good correlations with published procedures, and no measurable interferences. The simplicity and flexibility of the instrumentation and its performance integrity, as indicated by the analytical results, make this a viable clinical chemical tool.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric flow injection procedure to indirect determination of paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulations using o-tolidine as reagent

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Orlando Fatibello-Filho ◽  
Heberth Juliano Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Flow Injection ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Injection Method ◽  
Indirect Determination ◽  
Analytical Curve ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Injection Procedure

A spectrophotometric flow injection method for the determination of paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulations is proposed. The procedure was based on the oxidation of paracetamol by sodium hypochloride and the determination of the excess of this oxidant using o-tolidine dichloride as chromogenic reagent at 430 nm. The analytical curve was linear in the paracetamol concentration range from 8.50 x 10-6 to 2.51 x 10-4 mol L-1 with a detection limit of 5.0 x 10-6 mol L-1. The relative standard deviation was smaller than 1.2% for 1.20 x 10-4 mol L-1 paracetamol solution (n = 10). The results obtained for paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulations using the proposed flow injection method and those obtained using a USP Pharmacopoeia method are in agreement at the 95% confidence level.

Sensitive flow-injection technique for the determination of dissolved organic carbon in natural and waste waters

1992 ◽  
Vol 261 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.T. Edwards ◽  
I.D. McKelvie ◽  
P.C. Ferrett ◽  
B.T. Hart ◽  
J.B. Bapat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Flow Injection ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Waste Waters

Permanganate Based Chemiluminescence Analysis of Cefoperazon

2013 ◽  
Vol 333-335 ◽  
pp. 1807-1810
Author(s):  
De Yi Zhang ◽  
Li Wen Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Pharmaceutical Samples ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Emitting Species

In this paper, a novel method fog determination of chemiluminescence (CL) spectra utilizing LS55 luminescence spectrophotometer was proposed. By this means, the CL spectra generated from the oxidation of cephalosporins with potassium permanganate was investigated. The result indicated that acid potassium permanganate CL system has more then three emitting species, excited state Mn(Ⅱ), Mn(Ⅲ) and singlet oxygen all could be assigned as the possible emitting species of this CL system. Base on above investigation results, sodium cefoperazone in pharmaceutical samples was determined by a CL analysis process combining with flow-injection technique. The detection limits estimated by a conservative model (3σ) of cefoperazone was 0.1µg dm-3, and the maximum relative standard deviation (RSD) was not more than 0.8 % (n=11, ρ=20µg dm-3).

Rapid Determination of Sulfite by Flow Injection Analysis Based on Fuchsin′s Addition

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 950-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Yuan ◽  
Da You Fu ◽  
Wen Yuan Tan
Keyword(s):  
Flow Injection ◽  
Addition Reaction ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Linear Calibration ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Replicate Measurements ◽  
Good Agreement

A rapid spectrophotometric method for flow injection determination of sulfite in tan wastewater is described. The proposed method was based on the addition reaction of sulfite with fuchsin in Na2B4O7-NaOH medium. The optimum conditions allow a linear calibration range of 0.01-1.20 μg ml-1 SO32-. The detection limit is 0.0023μg ml-1 (S/N=3), and the relative standard deviation for night replicate measurements is 1.1% for 0.5μg ml-1 of sulfite. The sampling rate is 60 samples h-1. The procedure has been applied to the determination of sulfite in tan wastewater. The results were in good agreement with those obtained by pararosaniline method.

scholarly journals Determination of Sulfate in Natural and Residual Waters by Turbidimetric Flow-Injection Analysis

2001 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inês P A Morais ◽  
António O S S Rangel ◽  
M Renata S Souto
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Flow Injection ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Barium Chloride ◽  
Sulfate Solution ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Relative Standard

Abstract A turbidimetric flow-injection system was developed for the determination of sulfate in natural and residual water samples, with no previous treatment, using spectrophotometric detection. The precipitating agent, 7.0% (w/v) barium chloride solution prepared in 0.10% (w/v) polyvinyl alcohol, was added by using the merging-zones approach. A 100 mg/L sulfate solution in 0.07M nitric acid was mixed with the sample before it entered the injection loop to improve the detection limit, provide in-line pH adjustment, and prevent the interference of some anionic species. The relative standard deviations of the results were between 1.4 and 3.0% and were in agreement with results obtained by the reference method. Samples within a linear concentration range of 10–120 mg SO42−/L can be analyzed at a rate of 40/h. The detection limit is 5 mg SO42−/L.

Spectrophotometric determination of urinary iodine by flow-injection analysis with on-line catalytic digestion

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 2021-2027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Yaping ◽  
Y Dongxing ◽  
C Jixiang ◽  
L Tianshiu ◽  
C Huiqin
Keyword(s):  
Flow Injection ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
On Line ◽  
Iodine In Urine

Abstract A flow-injection technique involving on-line catalytic digestion and spectrophotometric detection has been developed for the determination of iodine in urine. After urine samples are digested by KMnO4-K2Cr2O7-H2SO4 solution, the iodine in the urine catalyzes the reaction of As(III) with Ce(IV). The remaining Ce(IV) is then reacted with brucine and the product is detected with a spectrophotometer at 480 nm. With this technique, we obtained a detection limit for urinary iodine of 0.039 mumol/L, and the linear range was 0.039-7.88 mumol/L with a CV < 3%. Analytical recovery ranged between 92% and 104% (mean 99%). The sampling frequency of the flow-injection technique was 70/h. We applied the method to measure the iodine concentration in a freeze-dried urine reference sample and in collected urine samples, and compared the results with those obtained by the accepted alkaline ashing technique. The proposed technique has the advantages of being simple, rapid, precise, accurate, and sensitive. It can be used to assess iodine-deficient populations as well as those receiving treatment.

Determination of Total Arsenic and Selenium in Soils and Plants by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Hydride Generation and Flow Injection Analysis Coupled Techniques

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 764-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oroncio Jiménez De Blas ◽  
N Rodriguez Mateos ◽  
A Garcia Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Flow Injection ◽  
Flow Injection Analysis ◽  
Hydride Generation ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Sample Treatment ◽  
Total Arsenic ◽  
Relative Standard

Abstract A procedure has been developed for determination of total arsenic and selenium in soils and plants by atomic absorption spectrometry with hydride generation associated with flow injection analysis (FIA-AAS-HG). Samples were wet-digested by using 2 systems: heating in a metal digestion block with controlled temperature and time and heating in a microwave oven. Total arsenic and selenium were reduced with NaBH4 and concentrated HCI, respectively. In both digestion systems used for the 2 matrix types, detection limits below 1 μg/L were found for both elements for an injection volume of 160 μL, with relative standard deviations of 3–6%. Recoveries by the method ranged from 93 to 105%; with the reference materials FD8 and MRG-1, the values obtained in all cases were consistent with the certified data. The FIA-AAS-HG procedure is highly suitable for determination of total arsenic and selenium in soils and plants, and because of the coupled system used, it is an improvement over other procedures in terms of sample treatment, sample consumption, and automation.

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