New records on the use of man-made constructions as diurnal roosts by bats from the southern Amazon in central Brazil

ABSTRACT Roosts are a key part of bat species' life stories. Information on roost use enables us to understand the biological processes underlying bat ecology and is crucial with regard to the natural-roost loss and environmental pressures related to habitat destruction that has been considered as a threat affecting bat conservation. The aim of this study was to collect new data on the diurnal artificial-roost use by bats in a landscape from the southern Amazon. We observed bat species roosting at an abandoned house in a highly fragmented ecotone between the Amazon and Cerrado biomes. We observed one Trachops cirrhosus individual roosting in physical contact with one Phyllostomus hastatus. One year later, we noticed a compositional change at this roost, in which we found a large colony of Pteronotus parnellii. These findings may shed light on the potential flexibility of the roosting requirements of these species in such landscapes. Moreover, this is one of the first records of the use of human constructions by P. parnelli in such fragmented landscapes, a bat species that until recently was thought of as being associated only with well-preserved natural roosts.

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Branch elongation and diameter growth were temporally dissociatedin "cerrado" tree species

Hoehnea ◽

10.1590/s2236-89062009000300005 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 437-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Davi Rodrigo Rossatto

Keyword(s):

Water Status ◽

Carbon Assimilation ◽

Dry Season ◽

Diameter Growth ◽

Wet Season ◽

Dry Period ◽

Central Brazil ◽

Branch Growth ◽

Tree Community ◽

One Year

Here is a communicating about time differences between branch and diameter growth in a tree community of ten species in Neotropical savanna ("cerrado") of Central Brazil. This work was conducted to study branch expansion and diameter growth in a period of one year between 2006 and 2007. Branch growth had begin in middle dry season and had the peak occurrence during the dry period in September, while diameter growth had begin in late dry season and peaked in the middle of wet season in December. The majority of species followed the same pattern. Branch growth did not have relation with rainfall, while diameter growth had a clear and positive relation with rainfall records. These results suggested that branch growth was not depend on rainfall but only on water status recover, while diameter growth probably depends strongly on water and to carbon assimilation that occurs after branch and leaf expansion.

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An Assessment on Bird’s Diversity in Bagmati River Corridor

The Initiation ◽

10.3126/init.v2i1.2520 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 34-40

Author(s):

Saroj Thapa ◽

Shambhu Paudel ◽

Dipak BK

Keyword(s):

Public Perception ◽

Habitat Degradation ◽

Bird Species ◽

Habitat Destruction ◽

Conservation Area ◽

Point Count ◽

The Public ◽

One Year ◽

Bagmati River ◽

River Corridor

Bagmati River is considered as a potential conservation area in terms of the bio-diversity conservation due to its unique and diversified habitat distribution. Due to various causes, the river is being polluted and hence habitat degradation rate is increasing. As a consequence, the direct effect is seen on birds inhabiting there. Aiming the assessment of bird's diversity, one year survey was conducted in Bagmati River from Tilganga Bridge to chobhar Gorge Bridge (here after termed as Bagmati river corridor) by applying the point count method .In the total enumeration, 100 of birds species were recorded among which 7 are listed in CITES appendix. The bird species that are regarded as globally threatened are not recorded in the study area. In this report, some potential patches in the study area, are described as hot spots, considering the higher probability of recording maximum number of birds species. The public voice is also collected to find out the public perception on the present status of birds of Bagmati river corridor using the questionaire method. Some causes of habitat destruction and some potential conservation measures are also mentioned. Key Words: Bagmati river corridor, Birds, Conservation, Hotspots, Diversity, Habitat DOI: 10.3126/init.v2i1.2520 The Initiation Vol.2(1) 2008 pp34-40

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The epidemiology of beta-haemolytic non-Group A streptococci isolated from the throats of children over a one-year period

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268800054595 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 104 (1) ◽

pp. 119-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

N. Cimolai ◽

L. MacCulloch ◽

S. Damm

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Fluctuation ◽

Paediatric Population ◽

Streptococcal Pharyngitis ◽

Clinical Impression ◽

Group A Streptococci ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Large Colony ◽

Streptococcus Milleri ◽

Group A ◽

One Year

SUMMARYThe incidence of beta-haemolytic non-Group A streptococci (BHNAS) in the throats of a paediatric population was examined over a 1-year period. There was minimal seasonal fluctuation of Lancefield groups including species and biotypes within Groups C and G streptococci. A trend of increasing incidence with age ofStreptococcus anginosus(‘Streptococcus milleri’) (possessing Groups C and G Lancefield antigens) was evident. A clinical impression of streptococcal pharyngitis was more common in patients with large-colony Groups C or G streptococci isolated from their throats compared with those patients where other BHNAS were isolated. This study is requisite to the planning of case control studies which are required to test the association of BHNAS (especially Groups C and G subgroups) and pharyngitis.

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Hoverfly diversity assesment in grassland and forest habitats in Autonomous Province of Vojvodina based on a recent monitoring study

Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke ◽

10.2298/zmspn1835093m ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 93-102

Author(s):

Zlata Markov ◽

Snezana Popov ◽

Sonja Mudri-Stojnic ◽

Snezana Radenkovic ◽

Ante Vujic

Keyword(s):

Land Cover ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Essential Elements ◽

Pollination Services ◽

Environmental Pressures ◽

Land Cover Types ◽

Broad Leaved Forest ◽

Natural Grasslands ◽

One Year ◽

Autonomous Province

Pollination is a required process for survival of numerous plant species and crops. Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) play a significant role in this phenomenon. Due to raising environmental pressures, pollinator diversity and pollination services are at risk. Faunistic studies and biodiversity research are the essential elements and steps in the process of species preservation. This study aimed to analyze diversity of hoverflies in two CORINE land cover types (Broad-leaved forest and Natural grasslands), based on a recent one-year study. To achieve this goal, Shannon?s diversity index (H), Shannon?s equitability (EH), and Jaccard similarity coefficient (Jt) were calculated. Values of indices and coefficients indicate which parts of Vojvodina and what land cover types can be considered as hoverfly reservoirs.

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Monitoring and Characterizing Temporal Patterns of a Large Colony of Tadarida brasiliensis (Chiroptera: Molossidae) in Argentina Using Field Observations and the Weather Radar RMA1

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12020210 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 210 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lourdes Boero ◽

Denis Poffo ◽

Verónica Damino ◽

Sabrina Villalba ◽

Rubén M. Barquez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Interdisciplinary Approach ◽

Weather Radar ◽

Early Spring ◽

Field Observations ◽

Tadarida Brasiliensis ◽

Large Colony ◽

One Year ◽

Number Of Individuals

Migratory colonies of up to thousands or millions of Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) are present in temperate areas of America. The monitoring of these massive colonies is crucial to know their conservation status and to evaluate the important ecosystem services that they provide. The objectives of this study were to characterize and to monitor, with an interdisciplinary approach, one of the largest bat colonies in South America, located in La Calera (Córdoba, Argentina). This study includes eight years of field observations inside of their shelter and outside when the colony emerged. Moreover, these observations were complemented with one year of weather radar detections using the Radar Meteorológico Argentino 1 (RMA1). To determine if a detection is a true or false massive emergence of bats, an algorithm was designed. We observed that this large colony of T. brasiliensis is maternal and migratory, just like others in South and North America. This colony arrives in early spring and births occur two months later, migrations occur in early autumn, meanwhile the shelter is empty or inhabited only by a small group of individuals during the cold seasons. The colony was estimated at 900,000 individuals before births occurred. The radar detection was coincident with field observations, when a simultaneous emergence was observed, as well as in the monitoring throughout the year. This represents the first study made in South America using radar technology for monitoring a bat colony. We here demonstrate that RMA1 is a powerful tool for monitoring this colony in the long term, and even to alert possible changes in permanence in time or in the number of individuals.

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Diversity of Quaternary Bats from Serra da Mesa (State of Goiás, Brazil)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.817.1.1 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 817 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

MARIA PAULA DE AGUIAR FRACASSO ◽

LEANDRO DE OLIVEIRA SALLES

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Taxonomic Diversity ◽

First Record ◽

Central Brazil ◽

Population Reduction ◽

Trachops Cirrhosus ◽

Phyllostomus Hastatus ◽

Anoura Geoffroyi ◽

Phyllostomus Discolor ◽

Pteronotus Parnelli

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the taxonomic diversity of fossil and extant bats from the region of the Serra da Mesa in the State of Goias, Central Brazil. Quaternary fossils were obtained from four limestone caves, namely Igrejinha, Carneiro, Nossa Senhora Aparecida, and Itambé. Information on extant bat fauna used for comparison were obtained from literature and from the collection of Museu Nacional (Rio de Janeiro). The taxonomic identification of the fragments was based on a comparative study of the masticatory apparatus of extant and fossil bat species. A total of 430 fragments were identified, comprising 27 species: Anoura geoffroyi, Artibeus sp., Carollia sp., Chrotopterus auritus, Desmodus rotundus, Desmodus sp., Emballonuridae sp. indet., Eptesicus/ Histiotus, Glossophaga sp., Lionycteris spurrelli, Lonchorhina aurita, Micronycteris megalotis, Mimon bennetti, Mimon crenulatum, Molossidae sp. indet., Myotis sp., Natalus stramineus, Phylloderma sp. n., Phyllostomus discolor, Phyllostomus hastatus, Platyrrhinus sp., Pteronotus davyi, Pteronotus parnelli, Sturnira sp., Tonatia sp. n., Lophostoma silvicola, and Trachops cirrhosus. Phyllostomidae was the most speciose family, but surprisingly most of the fossil fragments were attributed to the families Natalidae and Mormoopidae. Both of which are rare in the area today. The population reduction of these hot-humid-cave dwelling species (Natalus and Pteronotus) may suggest the climate of the area was warmer and wetter during some interval of the Late Pleistocene or Early Holocene. This study presents the first record of the genera Lionycteris, Lonchorhina and Trachops from the Quaternary of South America. The diversity of Chiroptera found in Serra da Mesa is equivalent to that described for Bahia, which heretofore has the most abundant record for Quaternary bats from South America.

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The impact of simulated folivory on juveniles of Metrodorea pubescens (Rutaceae) in a gallery forest near Brasília, Federal District, Brazil

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467400008282 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 611-620 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M. T. Nascimento ◽

J. D. Hay

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Federal District ◽

Production Plant ◽

Annual Growth Rate ◽

Gallery Forest ◽

Leaf Production ◽

Central Brazil ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

One Year ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACTA field experiment was conducted to test the effects of simulated folivory on leaf production, plant growth rate and mortality of small individuals of Metrodorea pubescens in an evergreen gallery forest in central Brazil. Although complete defoliation decreased annual growth rate, both in absolute and relative values, it also stimulated leaf production. Mortality was observed only in individuals in the smallest size class, but was not statistically related to percentage defoliation. Recovery of completely defoliated individuals was rapid and after one year over 70% of their initial number of leaves was present. It is probable that insect folivory is not a direct cause of mortality of juveniles of this species.

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Community size affects the signals of ecological drift and niche selection on biodiversity

10.1101/515098 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tadeu Siqueira ◽

Victor S. Saito ◽

Luis M. Bini ◽

Adriano S. Melo ◽

Danielle K. Petsch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Beta Diversity ◽

Community Dynamics ◽

Habitat Destruction ◽

Community Size ◽

Insect Communities ◽

Environmental Pressures ◽

Small Communities ◽

Β Diversity ◽

High Dispersal ◽

Ecological Drift

AbstractEcological drift can override the effects of deterministic niche selection on small populations and drive the assembly of small communities. We tested the hypothesis that smaller local communities are more dissimilar among each other because of ecological drift than larger communities, which are mainly structured by niche selection. We used a unique, comprehensive dataset on insect communities sampled identically in a total of 200 streams in climatically different regions (Brazil and Finland) that differ in community size by fivefold. Null models allowed us to estimate the magnitude to which beta diversity deviates from the expectation under a random assembly process while taking differences in species richness and relative abundance into account, i.e., beta deviation. Beta diversity of small tropical communities was consistently higher but closer to null expectations than β-diversity of large communities. However, although β-deviation and community size were strongly related in both regions, the direction of the relationship varied according to dissimilarity metrics. While incidence-based β-diversity was lower than expected (communities were less dissimilar than null expectations) and negatively related to community size in Brazil, abundance-based β-diversity was higher than expected (communities were more dissimilar than null expectations) and positively related to community size in both regions. We suggest that ecological drift drives variation in small communities by increasing the chances of species with low abundance and narrow distribution to occur within the metacommunity. Also, while weak niche selection and high dispersal rates likely reduced variation in community structure among large tropical streams, niche selection was likely sufficient to cause non-random variations in the relative abundances of genera among large communities in both regions. Habitat destruction, overexploitation, pollution, and reductions in connectivity have been reducing the size of biological communities. These environmental pressures will make smaller communities more vulnerable to novel conditions and render community dynamics more unpredictable, as random demographic processes should prevail under these conditions. Incorporation of community size into ecological models should provide conceptual, empirical and applied insights into a better understanding of the processes driving changes in biodiversity.

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Reproduction, development, asymmetry and late eye regression in the Brazilian cave catfish Ituglanis passensis (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae): evidence contributing to the neutral mutation theory

Subterranean Biology ◽

10.3897/subtbiol.31.60691 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 91-112

Author(s):

Sandro Secutti ◽

Eleonora Trajano

Keyword(s):

Egg Size ◽

Egg Laying ◽

Karst Area ◽

Source Population ◽

Central Brazil ◽

Neutral Mutation ◽

Mutation Theory ◽

Neutral Mutation Theory ◽

One Year ◽

Cave Habitat

The troglobitic (exclusively subterranean source population) catfish Ituglanis passensis (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) is endemic to the Passa Três Cave, São Domingos karst area, Rio Tocantins basin, Central Brazil. This unique population presents variably reduced eyes and melanic pigmentation. We describe reproduction and early development in this species based on a spontaneous (non-induced) reproductive-event that occurred in the laboratory in January–February, 2009, while simultaneously comparing with data from the cave-habitat and a previous reproductive event. Egg laying was parceled. Egg-size and number were within variations observed in epigean congeners. Larvae behavior and growth is described. A single surviving specimen was monitored over two years. Eye-regression started late, one year after birth, and followed a pattern of stasis phases intercalated with slow growth and fluctuating asymmetric rates. Late eye regression, associated with asymmetry in eye development and intra-population variability of troglomorphic traits, as shown by several Brazilian subterranean fishes, provide support for the Neutral Mutation Theory.

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Morphogenesis, structure, and dynamics of paiaguas palisadegrass tillering after intercroping with sorghum for the recovery of pasture in different forage systems

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v36n5a2020-47747 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Jessika Torres Da Silva ◽

Katia Aparecida de Pinho Costa ◽

Victor Costa E Silva ◽

Wender Ferreira De Souza ◽

Daniel Augusto Alves Teixeira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structural Characteristics ◽

Low Cost ◽

Block Design ◽

Stability Diagram ◽

Leaf Life Span ◽

Central Brazil ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Cultivation Technique ◽

Senescence Rate ◽

One Year

The use of pasture is the most economical alternative for feeding ruminants. However, most pastures in Central Brazil are experiencing some degree of degradation. Crop-livestock integration has been shown to be a sustainable and viable alternative for the recovery of these degraded areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphogenic and structural characteristics of Paiaguas palisadegrass and to determine the population dynamics and the survival rate of the tillers, through a stability diagram of the grass, after intercropping with sorghum for the recovery of pastures in different, integrated, crop-livestock forage systems. The experimental design was a randomized block design, with four replications. The treatments were composed of four forage systems: Paiaguas palisadegrass monoculture, sorghum intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass in the row, sorghum intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass in the interrow, and sorghum intercropped with oversown Paiaguas palisadegrass. The evaluations were performed in the four climatic seasons of the year (winter, spring, summer, and fall) in the same plots during the period of one year in 16 1042 m2 enclosures under a continuous stocking system. No effect was observed for the forage systems and seasons of the year on the leaf elongation rate, leaf senescence rate, and leaf life span. The development of Paiaguas palisadegrass was reduced in the winter relative to the other seasons of the year. However, it presented satisfactory production during this period despite the low rainfall. The results showed that the Paiaguas palisadegrass showed satisfactory production in all forage systems and may be indicated for intercropping with sorghum to promote the recovery and formation of pastures. The use of crop-livestock integration systems is an efficient cultivation technique for the recovery and formation of low-cost pastures to meet the demands of animal production.

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