scholarly journals Frequency of consumption of fruits, vegetables and soft drinks: a comparative study among adolescents in urban and rural areas

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iza Cristina de Vasconcelos Martins Xavier ◽  
Carla Menêses Hardman ◽  
Maria Laura Siqueira de Souza Andrade ◽  
Mauro Virgilio Gomes de Barros
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Objective: To compare the frequency of consumption of fruits, vegetables and soft drinks among adolescents living in urban and rural areas of Pernambuco State. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on secondary analysis of data from a representative sample of high school students in Pernambuco (n = 4,207, 14 - 19 years) was conducted. Data were collected through a previously validated questionnaire. Adolescents who reported a daily consumption of soft drinks and occasional consumption of fruits, juices and vegetables were classified as exposed to inadequate standard of consumption of these foods. The independent variable was the place of residence (urban/rural). Data were analyzed by frequency distribution, χ2 test and binary logistic regression. Results: It was observed that students residing in rural areas had a higher prevalence of occasional consumption of natural fruit juices (37.6%; 95%CI 36.1 - 39.0) than those living in urban areas (32.1%; 95%CI 30.7 - 33.6). The proportion of students exposed to daily consumption of soft drinks was higher among those who reported they lived in urban areas (65.0%; 95%CI 63.5 - 66.4) compared to those who reported living in rural areas (55.3%; 95%CI 53.8 - 56.9). Conclusion: Adolescent students living in rural areas had a higher prevalence of low consumption of natural fruit juices while those residing in urban areas had a higher prevalence of daily consumption of soda drinks.

Commuting to School and to Work Among High School Students in Santa Catarina State, Brazil: A Comparative Analysis Between 2001 and 2011

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1458-1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Samara Silva ◽  
Adair da Silva Lopes ◽  
Carla Meneses Hardman ◽  
Luciana Gatto Azevedo Cabral ◽  
Shana Ginar da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
School Students ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Santa Catarina State

Background:Commuting reflects an important opportunity for youth to engage in physical activity. This study aimed to compare modes of commuting to school and to work and to identify sociodemographic factors associated with various modes of transportation.Methods:Epidemiologic study with a repeated cross-sectional design. Participants included high school students (15–19 years of age) from Santa Catarina state, Brazil, in 2001 (n = 5028) and 2011 (n = 6529). A questionnaire containing information on the type of transport used to commute to school and to work was administered.Results:Walking/bicycling and the use of the bus to commute to school and to work remained stable after a decade; however, the use of car/motorcycle to school (6.4% versus 12.6%) and to work (10.2% versus 19.7%) increased significantly. In both cases, females more frequently used buses, whereas males commuted to work by car/bus. Students from rural areas more commonly commuted to school by car/motorcycle, whereas those from urban areas traveled to work more by bus. There was a greater use of cars/motorcycles by young people from higher-income families.Conclusions:The use of cars/motorcycles to commute to school/work has almost doubled in the last decade. Sex, residential area and income were associated with passive commuting.

scholarly journals Association between active commuting and elevated blood pressure in adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio da Silva Santana ◽  
Aline Cabral Palmeira ◽  
Marcos André Moura dos Santos ◽  
Breno Quintella Farah ◽  
Bruna Cadengue Coêlho de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High School Students ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Active Commuting ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the association between active commuting and blood pressure in adolescents. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with high school students from public education network in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Data from 6039 students (14 to 19 years) were collected using a questionnaire. “Physically inactive” were considered those who reported not to walk or ride a bicycle to and from school on any day of the past week, and/or those who, regardless of the weekly frequency of practice this type of activity, reported the duration of commuting to school was less than 20 minutes (round trip). The high blood pressure was obtained by Omron HEM 742 equipment. Adolescents with high blood pressure were defined as those with higher blood pressure or equal to the 95th percentile for age, sex and height. Regression logistic analyses were used to assess the association between active commuting and high blood pressure, considering adjustments for the following confounders: sex, age, overweight, total physical activity, socioeconomic level, place of residence. Results: The prevalence of high blood pressure was 7.3%, and 79.3% were considered insufficiently active in commuting. There was an association between high blood pressure and active commuting only among those living in rural areas (OR = 6.498; 95% CI = 1.513-27.900), and the same was not observed among those living in urban areas (OR = 1.113; 95% CI = 0.812-1.526). Conclusion: Active commuting can be considered a protective factor for high blood pressure in adolescents living in rural areas.

scholarly journals The Effect of Self-Medication with NSAIDs on GIT in Orthopaedic Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
I Nazrul ◽  
ASM S Chowdhury ◽  
AM Rashid ◽  
B Mozumder ◽  
SM Zabir
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disease Evolution ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Orthopaedic Patients ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Self-medication is a gradually increasing entity in a healthcare system. It leads patients towards greater independence in taking decisions about management of minor illnesses. It ensures access to medication and limits delayed diagnosis, worsening of disease evolution, the cost burden of drugs in comparison to prescribed drug. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of the use of NSAIDs as in the form of analgesics for self-medication with their associated risks especially GIT symptoms. This cross-sectional study was done at Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, July 2018 to December 2018 for 6 months among the patients who registered to visit Orthopaedic OPD for their musridoskeletal problems. A pretested and validated questionnaire was used to collect data. There were 97% response rate recorded. The study included 571 randomly selected patient aged between 20 to75 years, of which 55.3% were from urban areas versus 44.7% from rural areas, females being dominant (69.32%). The drugs which was surveyed, were used by 84.8% of the study population, in most cases the administration being made without prior professional advice. Of the 331 participants prom urban areas, 89% used the self-medication, compared with 58.31% in rural areas. Paracetamol (46.34%), followed by Ketorolac (24.47%) and Diclofenac (22.7%) are among the most widely used analgesics, both in urban and rural areas. The most frequent symptoms that required self-medication were: low back pain (urban and rural are), neck pain (predominantly urban) and knee joint pain (predominantly rural areas). Misuse of analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs, both in urban and rural areas is a burning issue. The growing economy improvised urban and rural people to avail the medications without knowing the risks. Close monitoring, a multilevel venture between all concerned -patients, physicians and pharmacists to provide the supervised education and appropriate information on safe self-medication for the accomplishment of national goals, are suggested plan of action. It will maximize the benefit and minimize the risks.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of E-Learning Readiness and Socio-Economic Factors during Covid-19 Pandemic: Evidence from High School Students in Urban and Rural Areas of Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moch. Bambang Sulistio ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
School Students ◽  
Learning Readiness ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

As the global pandemic of COVID-19 spreads enormously, educational institutions were forced to close down in most countries, affecting 91% of pupils and causing massive disruption to the education sector. In Indonesia, 62, 5 million students from pre-primary to higher education are forced to shift from conventional learning to a complete move into e-Learning. This study sought to explore students' readiness to cope with online learning both in urban and rural areas of Indonesia and to find the relation whether socio-economic factors during pandemic affect their e-learning readiness. The theory underpinning the study was the e-Learning Readiness theory which measures eight dimensions: human resource, financial, technological, equipment, content, psychological, sociological, and environmental readiness. An online survey was conducted, and a total of 1.260 million students in urban and 846 students in rural areas participated in the study. The data were analyzed using multiple regression and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). This study reveals that students in urban areas are categorized as ready, but they need improvements in several aspects with the readiness index 3, 47. In contrast, students are not ready in rural areas and need several improvements with index 3,01. The study also highlights that basic IT skills competencies are critical for the preparedness of e-learning and should be taught to students. Future studies could analyze whether ICT training will significantly impact their perceives and acceptance of students' e-learning readiness, especially in rural areas, after training has been conducted.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION ON THE URBAN AND RURAL STUDENTS’ BEHAVIOR FOR PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SOLO REGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 686-694
Author(s):  
Bambang Partono ◽  
Ravik Karsidi ◽  
Munawir Yusuf ◽  
Sutarno
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Students ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Rural Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to find out the involvement and behavior of students attending school in urban and rural areas in the management of plastic waste. Indicators of student behavior in waste management consist of the types of waste disposed of, students' willingness to dispose of plastic waste according to their grouping, as well as frequent disposal of plastic waste. Methodology: The research instrument used was a questionnaire and interview conducted in one school in urban areas and one school in rural areas. Subjects involved in the study were high school students in urban and rural areas of Solo. Main Findings: The results showed that there were enthusiastic differences between rural and urban students in the management of plastic waste; the common concern of urban students was 85%, while rural students were 73%. The research findings show that students who study in urban areas have higher plastic waste care behavior than students who study in rural areas. Applications of this study: The implications of the results of this study can be useful for further research, namely on the management and use of waste as recycling for both rural and urban students. Novelty/Originality of this study: There is no investigation on waste management, in both rural and urban schools. Considering waste is one of the main problems in the world today, so the results of investigations can be useful in reducing waste through education.

scholarly journals Kelainan refraksi pada siswa SMP daerah pedesaan

e-CliniC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indo Mamesah ◽  
Josefien S. M. Saerang ◽  
Laya M. Rares
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Visual Field Loss ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract: Visual impairment is defined as a functional limitation of the eye/eyes or visual system and can manifest in decreased visual acuity or contrast sensitivity, visual field loss, photophobia, visual distortion, visual perceptual difficulties, or a combination of them. Examination of the eye and vision assessment are very important to detect conditions that can cause blindness and serious systemic conditions, which cause problems in school performance, or at a more severe level, life threatening. This study aimed to obtain the occurence of refractive anomalies among junior high school students in rural areas. This was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted in SMP I Wori (rural area) and SMP I Airmadidi (urban area). There were 60 respondents; 30 respondents of each school. Distributions of respondent genders were nearly the same for both schools; the number of females was higher than males. The majority of SMP I Airmadidi students were 11 years old (36.7%), meanwhile the majority of SMP Wori students were 13 years (50%). Most student complaints in SMP I Airmadidi were itchy eyes and drowsiness (16.7%), meanwhile in SMP I Wori was headache (18.4%). Visual impairment was found in 16.6% of students of SMP I Airmadidi, meanwhile in SMP I there was no student with refractive anomaly. Conclusion: There was no refractive anomaly found among students of rural area, however, among students of urban area myopia was the refractive anomaly found.Keywords: refractive anomalyAbstrak: Gangguan penglihatan didefinisikan sebagai suatu keterbatasan fungsional pada mata atau kedua mata atau sistem visual yang dapat bermanifestasi terhadap penurunan ketajaman penglihatan atau sensitifitas kontras, hilangnya lapangan penglihatan, photofobia, distorsi visual, kesulitan perseptual visual atau kombinasi dari semua diatas. Pemeriksaan mata dan penilaian penglihatan sangat penting untuk mendeteksi kondisi yang dapat menyebabkan kebutaan dan kondisi sistemik serius, yang memicu masalah performa di sekolah, atau pada tingkat yang lebih berat, mengancam kehidupan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kelainan refraksi pada anak SMP di daerah pedesaan. Jenis penelitian ini analitik observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Penelitian dilakukan di SMPN I Wori (daerah luar Minahasa Utara/pedesaan) dan SMPN I Airmadidi (kota Kabupaten Minahasa Utara), dan diperoleh 60 responden penelitian. Distribusi jenis kelamin responden kedua sekolah hampir sama dimana jumlah perempuan lebih banyak dari laki-laki. Usia terbanyak di SMPN I Airmadidi ialah 11 tahun (36,7%) sedangkan di SMPN Wori 13 tahun (50%). Keluhan terbanyak siswa di SMPN I Airmadidi ialah mata gatal dan rasa kantuk (16,7%), sedangkan di SMPN I Wori ialah sakit kepala (18, 4%). Gangguan penglihatan ditemukan pada responden di SMPN I Airmadidi sebanyak 16,6 % sedangkan di SMPN I tidak ditemukan kelainan visus. Simpulan: Tidak ditemukan adanya gangguan refraksi pada siswa SMP di daerah pedesaan. Kelainan refraksi miopia ditemukan pada siswa SMP di perkotaan.Kata kunci: gangguan refraksi

scholarly journals The nutrition transition in Mexico 1988–2016: the role of wealth in the social patterning of obesity by education

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 2394-2401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Pérez-Ferrer ◽  
Anne McMunn ◽  
Paola Zaninotto ◽  
Eric J Brunner
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

AbstractObjectiveThe present study investigates whether the reversal of the social gradient in obesity, defined as a cross-over to higher obesity prevalence among groups with lower education level, has occurred among men and women in urban and rural areas of Mexico.DesignCross-sectional series of nationally representative surveys (1988, 1999, 2006, 2012 and 2016). The association between education and obesity was investigated over the period 1988–2016. Effect modification of the education–obesity association by household wealth was tested.SettingMexico.SubjectsWomen (n 54 816) and men (n 20 589) aged 20–49 years.ResultsIn both urban and rural areas, the association between education and obesity in women varied by level of household wealth in the earlier surveys (1988, 1999 and 2006; interaction P<0·001). In urban areas in 1988, one level lower education was associated (prevalence ratio; 95 % CI) with 45 % higher obesity prevalence among the richest women (1·45; 1·24, 1·69), whereas among the poorest the same education difference was protective (0·84; 0·72, 0·99). In the latest surveys (2012, 2016), higher education was protective across all wealth groups. Among men, education level was not associated with obesity in urban areas; there was a direct association in rural areas. Wealth did not modify the association between education and obesity.ConclusionThe reversal of the educational gradient in obesity among women occurred once a threshold level of household wealth was reached. Among men, there was no evidence of a reversal of the gradient. Policies must not lose sight of the populations most vulnerable to the obesogenic environment.

scholarly journals A comparison of breast feeding practices among urban and rural areas of Rangareddy district of Telangana

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 2136 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vijay Kumar ◽  
Indranil Acharya ◽  
Jayanti P. Acharya ◽  
Puligila Raj Shravani ◽  
Sabbineni Ramya
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background: Breastfeeding is the normal way of providing young infants with the nutrients they need for healthy growth and development. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 800 mothers from urban and rural areas of Rangareddy District. A pre designed pre tested questionnaire was used to interview the mothers. Questionnaire contained questions related to demographic factors and breast feeding practices. Institutional Ethical clearance was taken. Results: The overall prevalence of exclusive breast feeding was 65%, being comparatively more in rural area (68%) which was statistically significant. Colostrum was discarded by 15% mothers in urban and 9% in rural area. Breast feeding was initiated within 1 hour in 184 (46%) in urban area and in 148 (37%) in rural area. Conclusions: Though mothers from rural area had certain favorable breast feeding practices such as demand feeding, colostrum being given but still various inappropriate practices were prevalent in both rural and urban areas. 

scholarly journals Awareness about harmful effects of cigarette smoking among adolescents in Shamirpet mandal, Hyderabad

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
M. Pavani Varma ◽  
K. S. V. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Local Setting ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Harmful Effects

Background: Tobacco smoking is habit which usually begins in the adolescent age. It is a risk factor for many non-communicable diseases and mortality can be prevented if smoking is quit.Methods: It is a cross sectional study.2 schools were randomly selected from urban and rural areas in field practice area of Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences. A GYTS questionnaire is modified to local setting and administered to the students.Results: A total of 367 students were enrolled. The level of awareness regarding harmful effects of tobacco consumption was good. It was 98.85% in urban areas and 94.84% in rural areas.Conclusions: As adolescent is the age of habit forming identification of the problem and correcting it at early stage itself will be beneficial for individuals, family and society. 

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for bronchial asthma in an urban area of Puducherry: a cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2249
Author(s):  
L. Anand Arokiaraj ◽  
T.R. Gobinaath
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rural Students ◽  
Food Allergens ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background: Food allergy is mostly IgE-mediated which is estimated to affect 6% to 8% children and 3% to 4% adults the clinical and social impact of which takes a hard toll in early childhood. The objective of this study is to study the magnitude of food allergy and differences in food allergens among the urban and rural school-going children.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 350 school going children, aged 5-10 years, attending to two private schools (n=192) and two government schools (n=158) in the urban and rural field practice areas respectively and data regarding food allergens was collected using a semi-structured proforma.Results: There was a significant higher (p<0.001) proportion of wheeze symptomatics among the urban (n=70, 44.3%) than the rural students (n=37, 19.3%). The students had higher allergies to Ice-cream (14.57%, n=51), prawn (11.14%, n=39), peanut (14.57%, n=51), garlic (14.57%, n=51), fish (11.14%, n=39) and milk (11.14%, n=39).Conclusions: There was a higher proportion of food allergy among the urban school students compared to the rural students. The food allergens also varied significantly in their influence on food allergy among the urban and rural areas.

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