scholarly journals Establishment of paiaguas palisadegrass in monoculture or in an integration system with other crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Ricardo dos Santos Filho ◽  
Bráulio Maia de Lana Sousa ◽  
Jailson Lara Fagundes ◽  
Alfredo Acosta Backes ◽  
José William Teles Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Integration System ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Dead Material ◽  
Tiller Density

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive and structural characteristics of Paiaguas palisadegrass established in monoculture and intercropped with agricultural crops in 2018 and 2019. The evaluated treatments were: Paiaguas palisadegrass (PP) in monoculture, PP intercropped with maize, PP intercropped with sorghum, and PP intercropped with soybean. The experimental design used was a randomized block, with 4 replications (plots of 160 m²). Sward height, tiller density, dry mass production, and bulk density of total dry matter, of leaves, of stems, and of dead material were evaluated. The data were analyzed using the Tukey test at 5% probability. The total dry mass was higher in intercropping than in monoculture. Paiaguas palisadegrass intercropped with maize showed lower productions of total dry mass, leaf blade, and stems. The percentage of leaf blades was higher in Paiaguas palisadegrass intercropped in 2018 and in monoculture and intercropped with maize and soybean in 2019. Higher percentages of stems were registered in Paiaguas palisadegrass in monoculture in 2018 and in intercropping with sorghum in 2018 and 2019. In general, higher heights were found in Paiaguas palisadegrass in monoculture and smaller when intercropped with maize. The highest tiller densities were observed in Paiaguas palisadegrass in monoculture and the lowest in Paiaguas palisadegrass intercropped with maize and sorghum. Intercropping with agricultural crops reduces the production of Paiaguas palisadegrass. The accompanying agricultural crops alter the composition of the forage produced by the Paiaguas palisadegrass.

scholarly journals Intercropping of sorghum with Paiaguas palisadegrass in a crop-livestock integration system for pasture recovery

2020 ◽  
pp. 1072-1080
Author(s):  
Charles Barbosa Santos ◽  
Kátia Aparecida de Pinho Costa ◽  
Wender Ferreira de Souza ◽  
Alessandro Guerra da Silva ◽  
Victor Costa e Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Integration System ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Sustainable Systems ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Intercropping systems have become an interesting alternative for grain and forage production because they are sustainable systems that reduce carbon emissions in degraded pasture areas. However, few studies have used forage species recently introduced into the market, and more studies that assess the performances of these species in integrated systems are needed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of intercropped sorghum and Paiaguas palisadegrass (including the species name) in a crop-livestock integration system for pasture recovery. The field experiment was conducted in the municipality of Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil, using a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments consisted of the following forage systems: monocropping of sorghum, monocropping of Paiaguas palisadegrass, row intercropping of sorghum with Paiaguas palisadegrass, interrow intercropping of sorghum with Paiaguas palisadegrass and intercropping of sorghum with oversown Paiaguas palisadegrass. To obtain a desired population of 240,000 plants ha-1, 12 seeds of sorghum and 5 kg of viable pure seeds of the forage species were planted per meter and hectare, respectively. The growth of Paiaguas palisadegrass in the same row as sorghum reduced the sorghum grain yield. The intercropping of sorghum with oversown Paiaguas palisadegrass hindered the initial development of Paiaguas palisadegrass in terms of plant height and number of tillers due to shading, and this effect was reflected in the dry mass production. Row and interrow intercropping provided higher dry mass production without affecting the forage quality. Therefore, the interrow intercropping of sorghum with Paiaguas palisadegrass was found to be a promising agricultural technique for grain and forage production that could be used for the establishment of new pastures or pasture recovery.

scholarly journals Production and quality of sunflower and Paiaguas palisadegrass silage in monocropped and intercropping in different forage systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e48304
Author(s):  
Charles Barbosa dos Santos ◽  
Katia Aparecida de Pinho Costa ◽  
Wender Ferreira de Souza ◽  
Itamar Pereira de Oliveira ◽  
Daniel Augusto Alves Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fermentative Process

The objective of this study was to evaluate dry mass production, fermentative parameters and chemical and bromatological composition of sunflower silage and Paiaguas palisadegrass silage in monocropped and intercropping in different forage systems. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of silage forage systems: sunflower monocropped; Paiaguas palisadegrass monocropped; sunflower row-intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass; sunflower inter-row intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass; and sunflower oversown and intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass, totalizing 20 experimental silos. Sunflower and Paiaguas palisadegrass were harvested at 110 days after planting at 20 cm from the soil for silage, using brush cutter. The silos were opened after 53 days of fermentation. The rows and inter-row intercropped systems contributed to increase the mass production of the ensiled material. The monocropped sunflower silage had higher values of pH, ethereal extract and acid detergent fiber and lower values of titratable acidity and dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and in vitro dry matter digestibility values. The silages of the sunflower intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass in forage systems of crop-livestock integration presented better fermentative and bromatological characteristics, guaranteeing an adequate fermentative process and nutritional quality. In this way, the intercropping of these two forages potentiates the production of silage for feeding of ruminants during the period of forage shortage.

Factors affecting diet selection by sheep. 2. Height and density of pasture

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL Black ◽  
PA Kenney
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Bite Rate ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
In Series ◽  
The One ◽  
Tiller Density ◽  
Ingestive Behaviour

Boards of artificial pasture were prepared by threading the top two leaves of tillers from either ryegrass or kikuyu grass, in their vegetative stage of growth, through 5-mm-diameter holes in pressed hardwood sheets. The holes were spaced in rows from 10 to 50 mm apart, and, with one, two or three tillers per hole, tiller density ranged from 346 to 25 980/m2. Sward height was varied by pulling tillers different distances through the holes before they were fastened to the underside of the boards, and the mass of herbage dry matter ranged from 0.04 to 7.61 t/ha. In series I experiments, the effects of sward characteristics on ingestive behaviour of two sheep were examined, whereas, in series I1 experiments, pastures that were consumed at different rates were offered in pairs and the preference of one sheep observed. The rate of pasture intake was related to sward height only when tiller density was constant and to herbage mass per unit volume (bulk density) only at similar sward heights. Intake rate was better described by herbage mass per unit area but, at herbage availabilities of less than 1 t/ha, intake rate was several-fold greater when sheep grazed tall, sparse pastures than short, dense pastures. The best predictor of pasture intake rate was herbage mass per area effectively covered by one bite. Intake per prehending bite declined with a reduction in both sward height and density, and was also best described by herbage mass per area effectively covered by one bite. Prehending bite rate doubled as intake per bite declined from 200 to 10 mg dry matter. The rate of jaw movements during grazing was virtually unaffected by sward characteristics; prehending bites accounted for 20% of jaw movements when intake per bite was 200 mg dry matter and 80% of jaw movements with short, widely spaced swards. When two pastures with different sward characteristics were offered together, sheep generally preferred the one they could eat faster.

scholarly journals Anatomical and physiological characteristics of leaves from Eugenia dysenterica DC. can predict nutritional deficiency symptoms

2021 ◽  
pp. 683-694
Author(s):  
Layara Alexandre Bessa ◽  
Luciana Cristina Vitorino ◽  
Fabiano Guimarães Silva ◽  
Sebastião de Carvalho Vasconcelos Filho
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nutritional Deficiency ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Spongy Parenchyma ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Eugenia Dysenterica

Plants receiving insufficient concentrations of the different essential nutrients may respond symptomatically to this stress. However, when the first visible symptoms of nutritional deficiency appear, plants already exhibit significant changes in their structure. As seedlings of E. dysenterica are important for the recovery of degraded areas and as the fruits of this species are widely exploited commercially, we decided to evaluate whether the omission of nutrients may affect the leaf anatomical ultrastructure, dry matter production and the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments in this plant, in an attempt to use data of this nature to predict symptoms of nutritional deficiency in seedlings of this species. For this purpose, we grow seedlings in a hydroponic system, offering all nutrients and also omitting each nutrient individually. Thus, we evaluated the effect of the omission of each nutrient on the anatomical leaf structure, dry mass production and the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments. Seedlings that grew in the absence of Ca and Mn exhibited compromised spongy parenchyma and mesophyll development, while the omission of K and Mg increased the number of epidermal cells and stomata. Low dry mass production in E. dysenterica was related to the omission of S and Mn, while P, N and Fe deficiencies directly affected the synthesis of pigments. Thus, leaf anatomical and physiological data can predict nutritional deficiency conditions, enabling the user to diagnose the deficiency before the onset of symptoms in E. dysenterica seedlings. Our results may help investigators to understand the effects of nutritional omissions on other native Cerrado plants

scholarly journals Effect of grazing management strategies on the yield and nutritional value of Marandu grass in the semiarid of Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 2503-2522
Author(s):  
Maria Catiane Silva Veloso Araújo ◽  
◽  
Eleuza Clarete Junqueira de Sales ◽  
Flávio Pinto Monção ◽  
Vicente Ribeiro Rocha Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Sward Height

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two grazing management strategies on structural, productive and nutritional parameters of Marandu grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu). A completely randomized block design with two pasture management strategies and eight replications (blocks) was used. The grazing management strategies were: (1) low intensity rotational grazing (LI), with a pre-grazing sward height of 40 cm and a post-grazing sward height of 24 cm, i.e., a defoliation intensity of 50%; (2) High intensity rotational grazing (HI), with a pre-grazing sward height of 40 cm and a post-grazing sward height of 10 cm (±70% defoliation intensity). Pastures were sampled before and after grazing for estimation of forage mass, forage accumulation rate, structural characteristics, nutritional value and dry matter intake.The LI strategy resulted in higher dry matter production than HI before (18.33%) and after grazing (49.06%), increasing pre-grazing forage density by 13.21% (P < 0.05). The production of potentially digestible dry matter was highest (P < 0.05) in LI strategy (21.3% before and 39.6% after grazing, respectively). Higher post-grazing green forage mass (45%) increased the residual crude protein in LI. The LI management strategy increased forage mass production and can be used in Marandu grass pastures.

scholarly journals Sward Structure and Herbage Accumulation of Massai Guineagrass Pastures Managed According to Pre-Grazing Heights, in the Northeast of Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Virgínio Emerenciano Neto ◽  
Gelson Dos Santos Difante ◽  
Angela Maria Quintão Lana ◽  
Nathália Rafaela Fidelis Campos ◽  
Emmanuel Lievio de Lima Veras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Height Measurement ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Dead Material ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Potential Tool

The forage sward height measurement is a practical and potential tool for grazing management. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the structure of pasture and forage accumulation related to sward pre-grazing height of Panicum maximum cv. Massai, before being grazed by sheep. The study was conducted in the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Macaíba, Brazil. The treatments were the pre-grazing sward heights at: 35, 40, 45 and 50 cm. The post-grazing height was 15 cm for all treatments. The interaction between the pre-grazing sward heights and grazing cycles was only statistically significant for light interception (LI) and leaf area index (LAI). The LI had linear and positive effect to the pre-grazing heights in only one of three grazing cycles, with approximately 1% increase in LI for each centimeter grown in the sward. The total forage mass had linear regression, every centimeter increased in height, there was a correspondent dry matter (DM) increase of 187 kg ha-1 in forage mass. There was a linear response between leaf blade mass and dead material with sward height. The post-grazing lowest LI was 29.42% at 42.05 cm high. The lowest amount of LI was 29.42% at 42.05 cm high. The minimum LAI was 0.69. The top DM and mineral matter (MM) accumulation rate were linear and had 58.32 and 20.46 kg ha-1 day-1 MS, respectively. Massai guineagrass grazed by sheep must be handled between 35 and 40 cm high at pre-grazing when associated with post-grazing height of 15 cm.

scholarly journals PRODUÇÃO DE TIFTON – 85 ( CYNODON SPP.) EM FUNÇÃO DO USO DE GESSO E DOSES DE NITROGÊNIO

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (Especial) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Caio Augusto Silva ◽  
Moniki Campos Janegitz ◽  
Nathiele Vieira Cardoso ◽  
Giovanna Alevato Galli ◽  
Rafael de Paiva Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
N Use ◽  
Gypsum Application

The objective of this work was to evaluate the development of tifton-85 forage in function of N doses with and without gypsum applied as a source of sulfur. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 2 x 4 factorial: four doses of N (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1 N) as urea by two treatments (with and without gypsum), with four replicates. One hundred and thirty days after planting, were measured plant height, dry matter mass and N use efficiency (EUN). Without gypsum applied, the N use efficiency and dry matter mass of plants increased in 120 kg N ha-¹. The gypsum application improves the development of Tifton grass, increasing dry mass production in relation to the amount of N applying up to 180 kg N ha-1 and possibly higher doses.

scholarly journals EFEITO DE DOSES DE ADUBAÇÃO ORGÂNICA NA PRODUÇÃO DE PALMA FORRAGEIRA

Nativa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Maristênio Alves Santana ◽  
Vitorio Antonio Pereira De Souza ◽  
Miryan Franciele Pereira Serpa ◽  
Alex Aguiar Ledo ◽  
Arianna Santana De Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Opuntia Ficus Indica ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Nopalea Cochenillifera ◽  
Production Characteristics

A palma forrageira representa excelente alternativa de cultivo para o semiárido brasileiro por adaptar-se bem as condições edafoclimáticas da região. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar as características morfométricas e a produtividade de duas espécies de palma forrageira submetidas a diferentes doses de adubação orgânica. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, com 4 repetições, sendo quatro doses de adubação orgânica e duas espécies. As características avaliadas foram: comprimento do cladódio, largura do cladódio, número de cladódios, altura das plantas, altura total dos cladódios, área do cladódio, índice de área dos cladódios, produção de massa verde e produção de massa seca. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância. O teste de Tukey (P<0,05) foi usado para comparação das médias das espécies e para doses de adubo foram gerados gráficos a partir das regressões.  Para as características morfométricas e de produção observou-se efeito significativo para as doses de esterco bovino sob todos os parâmetros analisados. A máxima produção de matéria seca foi observada, quando se aplicou 75 t ha-1 de esterco bovino. A palma ‘Gigante’ apresenta maior produção de matéria seca quando comparada a ‘Sem espinho’. Palavras-chave: Nopalea cochenillifera; Opuntia fícus-indica; semiárido.   Effect of organic fertilization doses on forage palm production   ABSTRACT: The forage palm represents an excellent cultivation alternative for the Brazilian semi-arid, as it adapts well to the region's edaphoclimatic conditions. The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphometric characteristics and the productivity of two species of forage palm submitted to different doses of organic fertilization. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme, with 4 replications, with four doses of organic fertilization and two species. The characteristics evaluated were: length of the cladode, width of the cladode, number of cladodes, plant height, total height of the cladodes, area of ​​the cladode, index of the area of ​​the cladodes, production of green mass and production of dry mass. The data were subjected to analysis of variance. The Tukey test (P <0.05) was used to compare the means of the species and for fertilizer doses, graphs were generated from the regressions. For the morphometric and production characteristics, a significant effect was observed for the doses of bovine manure under all parameters analyzed. Maximum dry matter production was observed when 75 t ha-1 of bovine manure was applied. The ‘Gigante’ palm has a higher production of dry matter when compared to ‘Sem espinho’. Keywords: Nopalea cochenillifera; Opuntia fícus-indica; semiarid.

scholarly journals Biomass reduction of Salvinia molesta exposed to copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4.5H2O)

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 520 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Pedro Alves de Azevedo Barros ◽  
Matheus Nicolino Peixoto Henares
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Salvinia Molesta ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽  
Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽  
Biomass Reduction

Copper in the aquatic ecosystem may remain adsorbed or be incorporated into the biomass and undergo biomagnification causing unwanted effects to aquatic macrophyte communities. This study evaluated the biomass reduction of Salvinia molesta (Mitchell) exposed to copper sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO4.5H2O) under laboratory conditions. Approximately 20.5 g of fresh mass (FM) of S. molesta (0.74 g dry matter, DM) were placed in glass tanks with different concentrations (n = 3) of CuSO4.5H2O as follows: 0.0; 2.0; 4.0; 6.0; and 8.0 mg L-1 for 28 days. The dry mass was determined after each seven-day interval over 28 days and submitted to repeated ANOVA measures, followed by a Tukey test (P

scholarly journals Morphological and structural characteristics of Urochloa decumbens Stapf. deferred pasture grazed by heifers under two periods of protein-energy supplementation

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 44425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Henrique Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Carlos Augusto Brandão de Carvalho ◽  
Pedro Malafaia ◽  
Felipe Zumkeller Garcia ◽  
Rondineli Pavezzi Barbero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Dead Material ◽  
Energy Supplementation ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Lower Stem ◽  
Student’S T Test

The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological and structural characteristics of deferred Urochloa decumbens Stapf. ‘Basilisk’ grazed by Nellore heifers under two periods of protein and energy supplementation (PES). The experiment was carried out from Jun 21 to Nov 15, 2016, under a completely randomized design and two PES periods (55 [P55] and 147 [P147] days). Forage mass (FM), leaf blade dry mass (LBDM), stem dry mass (SDM), dead material dry mass (DMDM), canopy height (CH), and forage bulk density (FBD) were evaluated. Data were analyzed by the SAS® PROC MIXED procedure and treatment means were compared with the Student's t test (p < 0.05). LBDM was higher for P147 heifers after 21, 84, and 126 days of grazing, similar to those observed after 63 days, and was higher for P55 heifers at 42, 105, and 147 days of grazing. SDM was lower for P147 heifers after 21, 42, 105, and 126 days, and similar in the other grazing periods. Protein and energy supplementation for heifers over 147 days resulted in a lower stem mass of U. decumbens Stapf. ‘Basilisk’ deferred pastures.

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