Morphological and structural characteristics of <i>Urochloa decumbens</i> Stapf. deferred pasture grazed by heifers under two periods of protein-energy supplementation

The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological and structural characteristics of deferred Urochloa decumbens Stapf. ‘Basilisk’ grazed by Nellore heifers under two periods of protein and energy supplementation (PES). The experiment was carried out from Jun 21 to Nov 15, 2016, under a completely randomized design and two PES periods (55 [P55] and 147 [P147] days). Forage mass (FM), leaf blade dry mass (LBDM), stem dry mass (SDM), dead material dry mass (DMDM), canopy height (CH), and forage bulk density (FBD) were evaluated. Data were analyzed by the SAS® PROC MIXED procedure and treatment means were compared with the Student's t test (p < 0.05). LBDM was higher for P147 heifers after 21, 84, and 126 days of grazing, similar to those observed after 63 days, and was higher for P55 heifers at 42, 105, and 147 days of grazing. SDM was lower for P147 heifers after 21, 42, 105, and 126 days, and similar in the other grazing periods. Protein and energy supplementation for heifers over 147 days resulted in a lower stem mass of U. decumbens Stapf. ‘Basilisk’ deferred pastures.

Download Full-text

Foliar fertilizer and biostimulant to enhance performance of Urochloa hybrid in two different seasons

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.19.13.09.p1304 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1429-1437

Author(s):

Luara Cristina de Lima ◽

Leandro Martins Barbero ◽

Regina Maria Quintão Lana ◽

Fernanda Carvalho Basso ◽

Atalita Francis Cardoso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritive Value ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Forage Production ◽

Mean Values ◽

Significance Level ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Different Seasons ◽

Dead Material ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Technologies that promote forage production provide gains of income in beef cattle. The objective of this research was to evaluate forage production, morphological components and nutritive value of pasture of Urochloa hybrid Convert HD364, with application of biostimulant, foliar fertilizers and urea. A completely randomized design with 7 treatments and 3 replications was used. The treatments consisted of T1 (control: no fertilization), T2 (urea), T3 (Fertmicro), T4 (FertN), T5 (biostimulant), T6 (Fertmicro+biostimulant), T7 (FertN+biostimulant). The leaf content and accumulation of macro and micronutrients, accumulation of dry mass and rate of forage accumulation, concentrations of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber, morphological components were evaluated. The data were subjected to analysis of variance using the Tukey test at the 5% significance level for the comparison of mean values. The use of foliar fertilizers, nitrogen fertilizer and biostimulant promoted accumulation of forage dry mass, leaf, stem and dead material and higher rates of accumulation of dry mass of stem and dead material of Urochloa hybrid Convert HD364.

Download Full-text

RESPONSE OF TURMERIC EXPLANT ON CYTOKININ AND AUXIN IN MURASHIGE AND SKOOG

Jurnal Penelitian Saintek ◽

10.21831/jps.v24i1.19784 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Mita Indriani ◽

Erni Suminar ◽

Noladhi Wicaksana ◽

Denny Sobardini ◽

Sulistyaningsih Sulistyaningsih ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

T Test ◽

Test Method ◽

Seed Technology ◽

Planting Material ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Student’S T ◽

And Control ◽

Student’S T Test

This study was aimed at determining the concentration of several types of cytokinins and auxin for the induction of turmeric shoots in vitro. The research was conducted at the Tissue Culture Seed Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor. The study was conducted from October 2017 to February 2018. The source of planting material is in the form of shoots from the turmeric rhizome. The source of explants or planting material came from the field collected at the Tissue Culture Seed Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University. Explants were taken from rhizome buds with a size of 0.6-2.0 cm. The experiment used a Completely Randomized Design which was analyzed using the Student’s T-test method. The number of experimental and control groups in this study were seven groups. Variation in treatment with different BAP, thidiazuron, zeatin, and NAA concentrations in each group. The results show that Thidiazuron 1 mgL-1 + NAA 1 mgL-1 gives better results on the percentage of live explants and number of shoots on turmeric plants (Curcuma domestica Val.) Clones 41 at the age of 14 weeks after planting.RESPONS EKSPLAN KUNYIT PADA SITOKININ DAN AUKSIN DALAM MEDIA MURASHIGE DAN SKOOGPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan salah satu konsentrasi dari beberapa jenis sitokinin dan auksin untuk induksi tunas kunyit secara in vitro. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Teknologi Benih, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor. Waktu pelaksanaan penelitian ini dimulai pada awal bulan Oktober 2017 sampai bulan Februari 2018. Sumber bahan tanam berupa tunas dari rimpang tanaman kunyit. Sumber eksplan atau bahan tanam berasal dari lapangan yang dikoleksi di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Teknologi Benih, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran. Eksplan diambil dari mata tunas rimpang dengan ukuran 0,6-2,0 cm. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang dianalisis menggunakan metode Student’s T-test. Jumlah kelompok eksperimen dan kontrol dalam penelitian ini adalah tujuh kelompok. Variasi perlakuan dengan penambahan konsentrasi BAP, thidiazuron, zeatin, dan NAA yang berbeda pada setiap kelompok. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Thidiazuron 1 mgL-1 + NAA 1 mgL-1 memberikan hasil yang lebih baik pada persentase eksplan hidup dan jumlah tunas pada tanaman kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val.) klon 41 pada umur 14 MST (Minggu Setelah Tanam).

Download Full-text

Ecophysiology of Andropogon grass subjected to different cutting frequencies and intensities

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v24n9p610-615 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (9) ◽

pp. 610-615

Author(s):

Juliana R. L. Lima ◽

Rosane C. Rodrigues ◽

Giovanne O. C. Sousa ◽

Clésio dos S. Costa ◽

Henrique N. Parente ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structural Characteristics ◽

Stem Elongation ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Forage Production ◽

Leaf Elongation ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Andropogon Gayanus ◽

Demographic Patterns ◽

Cutting Height ◽

Cutting Intensity

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphogenic and structural characteristics, and demographic patterns of Andropogon gayanus subjected to different cutting frequencies and intensities. A completely randomized design was adopted in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, corresponding to three cutting heights (50, 70, and 90 cm), and two cutting intensities (50 and 70%) with four repetitions, totaling 24 plots of 7.50 × 6.25 m. For morphogenesis, there was no interaction effect (P ≤ 0.05) of treatments on stem elongation rate, leaf appearance rate, and phyllochron rate. The highest rate of leaf elongation was observed at a height of 90 cm and cut intensity of 50%, with 1.69 and 0.84 cm tiller-1 d-1 of leaf elongation at heights of 50 and 70 cm, respectively. For forage production, there was no interaction (p > 0.05) between cutting intensity and cutting height. When the pasture was managed to a cutting height of 90 cm, there was a greater increase in dry leaf mass, stalk dry mass, dead forage dry mass, and total dry forage mass, which was 50.89% and 53.29% higher than pasture heights of 50 and 70 cm, respectively. There was no interaction between factors on demographic characteristics (p > 0.05). A cutting height of 70 cm with a cutting intensity of 50% is recommended when handling this grass.

Download Full-text

Establishment of paiaguas palisadegrass in monoculture or in an integration system with other crops

Ciência Animal Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1809-6891v22e-68211 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

Author(s):

José Ricardo dos Santos Filho ◽

Bráulio Maia de Lana Sousa ◽

Jailson Lara Fagundes ◽

Alfredo Acosta Backes ◽

José William Teles Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Agricultural Crops ◽

Integration System ◽

Tukey Test ◽

Sward Height ◽

Dead Material ◽

Tiller Density

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive and structural characteristics of Paiaguas palisadegrass established in monoculture and intercropped with agricultural crops in 2018 and 2019. The evaluated treatments were: Paiaguas palisadegrass (PP) in monoculture, PP intercropped with maize, PP intercropped with sorghum, and PP intercropped with soybean. The experimental design used was a randomized block, with 4 replications (plots of 160 m²). Sward height, tiller density, dry mass production, and bulk density of total dry matter, of leaves, of stems, and of dead material were evaluated. The data were analyzed using the Tukey test at 5% probability. The total dry mass was higher in intercropping than in monoculture. Paiaguas palisadegrass intercropped with maize showed lower productions of total dry mass, leaf blade, and stems. The percentage of leaf blades was higher in Paiaguas palisadegrass intercropped in 2018 and in monoculture and intercropped with maize and soybean in 2019. Higher percentages of stems were registered in Paiaguas palisadegrass in monoculture in 2018 and in intercropping with sorghum in 2018 and 2019. In general, higher heights were found in Paiaguas palisadegrass in monoculture and smaller when intercropped with maize. The highest tiller densities were observed in Paiaguas palisadegrass in monoculture and the lowest in Paiaguas palisadegrass intercropped with maize and sorghum. Intercropping with agricultural crops reduces the production of Paiaguas palisadegrass. The accompanying agricultural crops alter the composition of the forage produced by the Paiaguas palisadegrass.

Download Full-text

Pathogenicity and virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes against Dichelops melacanthus Dallas (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n4p1417 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 1417

Author(s):

Bruna Aparecida Guide ◽

Viviane Sandra Alves ◽

Thiago Augusto Paes Fernandes ◽

Matheus Corseti Marcomini ◽

Ana Maria Meneghin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Steinernema Feltiae ◽

Stink Bug ◽

Greenhouse Test ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Selection Test ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Student’S T ◽

Student’S T Test

Infestations of Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas; Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in corn and wheat in Brazil, and the subsequent damage, have increased in recent years, mainly owing to this insect’s ability to survive the off-season. The control of this insect is mainly carried out with chemical insecticides, but the development of alternative methods, such as biological control, can contribute to a more sustainable management. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) for the control of D. melacanthus. A selection test was performed with 15 isolates of genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis regarding their pathogenicity and virulence on adults of D. melacanthus. Concentration (10, 20, 40, 50, and 100 infective juveniles (IJs)/cm2) and greenhouse tests were carried out only with the Steinernema feltiae isolate (IBCB-n 47). All experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design. The selection test data were submitted to the Scott-Knott averages test (P ? 0.05), and those from the greenhouse test to the Student's t-test. The results of the concentration assay were subjected to regression analysis. All isolates showed pathogenicity and virulence in adults of D. melacanthus. The isolates GL (Heterorhabditis amazonensis), IBCB-n27 (Steinernema sp.), and RSC05 (H. amazonensis) were the most virulent (80.0, 82.0, and 88.0% mortality, respectively). The higher concentrations of S. feltiae (50 and 100 IJs/cm²) were responsible for the highest mortality rates of green belly stink bug (88.0 and 86.0%, respectively). In the greenhouse test, S. feltiae caused higher mortality (38%) than the control.

Download Full-text

Morphogenetic and structural characteristics of gamba grass subjected to nitrogen fertilization and different defoliation intensities

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v36n5a2020-47944 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Sâmara Stainy Cardoso Sanchês ◽

Rosane Cláudia Rodrigues ◽

Ricardo Alves De Araújo ◽

Clésio dos Santos Costa ◽

Ivone Rodrigues Da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Leaf Elongation ◽

Rainy Period ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Andropogon Gayanus ◽

Senescence Rate ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Leaf Appearance

T This study aimed to evaluate the morphogenetic, structural, and productive characteristics of Andropogon gayanus cv. ‘Planaltina’ subjected to different nitrogen fertilization levels and defoliation intensities. The experiment was done in a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement of six nitrogen doses (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 kg N ha-1) and two defoliation intensities (15 and 30 cm). The production and structure data were grouped into rainy and dry periods, while morphogenesis data were compared only among different fertilization and defoliation intensities. The total dry forage biomass (TDFB), dry mass of leaves (DML), dry mass of stems (DMS), and dead forage dry mass (DFDM) were then determined. In addition to these variables, the morphogenetic characteristics of the plants and the numbers of tillers alive and dead were evaluated. There was no interaction (P>0.05) between the effects of nitrogen fertilization doses and the intensity of defoliation on TDFB, DML, DMS, and DFDM in both of the evaluated phases (rainy and dry). It was also observed that the rates of leaf elongation, leaf appearance, and leaf blade elongation increased with nitrogen fertilization. On the other hand, the culm elongation rate and phyllochron decreased as the dose applied increased. The defoliation intensity did not influence (P>0.05) the morphogenetic characteristics examined, nor did it affect the senescence rate of nitrogen in leaves and number of live leaves per tiller. The number of dead tillers increased linearly during the rainy period. Based on these results, to improve the efficiency of production of gamba grass it is recommended that it be managed with a defoliation intensity of 30 cm and nitrogen fertilization of 286.52 kg N ha-1 year-1.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk in Response to Nitrogen Fertilization and Inoculation With Diazotrophic Bacterium

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n12p458 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 458

Author(s):

Alessandra Mayumi Tokura Alovisi ◽

Jucinei de Souza Fernandes ◽

Alves Alexandre Alovisi ◽

Luana Gonçalves Perondi ◽

Luciene Kazue Tokura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Partial Substitution ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Urochloa Decumbens ◽

Use Efficiency

Nitrogen fertilization provides a great response in pasture productivity and quality but, after applied to the soil, this element undergoes several transformations, what increase its losses. To minimize this problem, a promising alternative currently suggested is diazotrophic bacteria use, which can contribute to a greater use of nitrogen by plants. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen doses with and without inoculation of seeds with Azospirillum brasilense on the structural characteristics, chemical composition, and mass production of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk. The experimental design was completely randomized, arranged in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme, with four replications. Treatments consisted of forage seed inoculation or not with Azospirillum and five nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha-1). The variables analyzed were plant height, number of tillers, shoot dry mass (SDM), root dry mass (RDM), SDM/RDM ratio, chlorophyll index, nutrient content in forage shoot, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and nitrogen use efficiency. The inoculation of forage seeds with A. brasilense associated with nitrogen doses up to 100 kg ha-1 contributed positively to dry mass, plant-shoot nutrient content and bromatological composition of U. decumbens cv. Basilisk. The inoculation of seeds of U. decumbens cv. Basilisk, with A. brasiliense, is a viable alternative for partial substitution of nitrogen fertilization.

Download Full-text

Serosal and cutaneous recordings of gastric myoelectrical activity in patients with gastroparesis

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1994.266.1.g90 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 266 (1) ◽

pp. G90-G98 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

J. D. Chen ◽

B. D. Schirmer ◽

R. W. McCallum

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Slow Wave ◽

Test Meal ◽

Frequency Change ◽

Fasting State ◽

Gastric Myoelectrical Activity ◽

Myoelectrical Activity ◽

Gastric Slow Wave ◽

Student’S T ◽

Student’S T Test

The aims of this study were to 1) investigate gastric myoelectrical activity in patients with gastroparesis, 2) validate the cutaneous electrogastrogram (EGG) in tracking the frequency change of the gastric slow wave, and 3) investigate the effect of electrical stimulation on gastric myoelectrical activity. Gastric myoelectrical activity was recorded in 12 patients with documented gastroparesis using serosal electrodes for > 200 min in each subject. All recordings were made at least 4 days after surgery. Each session consisted of a 30-min recording in the fasting state and a 30-min recording after a test meal. The test meal (liquid or mixed) was selected according to patient's tolerance. Electrical stimulation was performed in three subjects via the serosal electrodes at a frequency of 3 cycles/min. Gastric myoelectrical activity was recorded using serosal electrodes in each session. The serosal recording showed slow waves of 2.5 to 4.0 cycles/min in all 12 subjects. Absence of spikes was noted in 11 of the 12 subjects. The simultaneous serosal and cutaneous recording of gastric myoelectrical activity showed that the frequency of the EGG was exactly the same as that of the serosal recording. Liquid meals resulted in a significant decrease in slow-wave frequency (Student's t test, P = 0.006), and the EGG accurately reflected this change. Electrical stimulation had no effect on the frequency of the gastric slow wave and did not induce spikes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Download Full-text

The Effect of Changes in Dialysate Volume on Glucose and Urea Equilibration

Peritoneal Dialysis International ◽

10.1177/089686089401400307 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 236-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Edward C. Kohaut ◽

F. Bryson Waldo ◽

Mark R. Benfield

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Chronic Renal Failure ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Body Surface ◽

Patient Population ◽

Different Ages ◽

Student’S T ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Dialysate Volume ◽

Student’S T Test

Objectives To determine the effect of changing dialysate volume on urea and glucoseequilibration curves and to determine, if dialysate volume is prescribed on the basis of body surface area, whether equilibration curves will be consistent in patients of different sizes and ages. Design A prospective study wherein children with acute or chronic renal failure had peritoneal equilibration studies done with dwell volumes of 30 mL/kg, 40 mL/kg, and 1200 mL/m2. Patient Population Twenty-two children: 7 under 3 years of age; 8 between 3 and 10 years of age; 7 older than 10 years of age. Statistics Student's t-test. Results Urea and glucose equilibrated rapidly at dwell volumes of 30 mL/kg, slower at dwell volumes of 40 mL/kg, and slowest at dwell volumes of 1200 mL/m2. Equilibration curves were similar in children of different ages when dialysate volumes of 1200 mL/m2 were infused. Conclusion Dialysate volumes of 1200 mL/m2 should be used when equilibration studies are being done to compare individuals of different ages and sizes.

Download Full-text

Development and Validation of 2-Azaspiro [4,5] Decan-3-One (Impurity A) in Gabapentin Determination Method Using qNMR Spectroscopy

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26061656 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 1656

Author(s):

Nataliya E. Kuz’mina ◽

Sergey V. Moiseev ◽

Mikhail D. Khorolskiy ◽

Anna I. Lutceva

Keyword(s):

Test Procedure ◽

Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽

Test Methods ◽

Intermediate Precision ◽

Coefficients Of Variation ◽

Validation Parameters ◽

Limit Of Quantitation ◽

Student’S T ◽

Development And Validation ◽

Student’S T Test

The authors developed a 1H qNMR test procedure for identification and quantification of impurity A present in gabapentin active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and gabapentin products. The validation studies helped to determine the limit of quantitation and assess linearity, accuracy, repeatability, intermediate precision, specificity, and robustness of the procedure. Spike-and-recovery assays were used to calculate standard deviations, coefficients of variation, confidence intervals, bias, Fisher’s F test, and Student’s t-test for assay results. The obtained statistical values satisfy the acceptance criteria for the validation parameters. The authors compared the results of impurity A quantification in gabapentin APIs and capsules by using the 1H qNMR and HPLC test methods.

Download Full-text