Comparison of maturation and physical performance in basketball athletes of different playing positions

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the characteristics of somatic maturation, anthropometric and physical performance (vertical jump and aerobic power) in young basketball players of different playing positions (under 13 years) and analyze these relationships using Peak Height Velocity (PHV) as a measure of somatic maturation. For this, 26 male athletes were evaluated. Anthropometric variables were: body mass, standing and sitting height, and length of lower limbs. Maturation was determined by age at PHV. Physical performance was determined by lower limb power (counter movement jump - CMJ) and aerobic power (Intermittent Recovery Test) tests. MANOVA reported significant differences (p<0.05) among playing positions regarding variables Maturity Offset, estimated PHV age, standing height, sitting height, estimated leg length, body mass and Yo-Yo IR1. In addition, it was identified that point guards reached estimated PHV at later age than their peers who act as small forwards and centers. Regarding CMJ, no significant differences were identified among playing positions, but in relation to aerobic power, point guards and small forwards presented higher performance. These findings confirm that maturation has great effect on growth and physical performance measures and the estimated PHV age is an applicable tool in young athletes, mainly aiding professionals in structuring the teaching-learning- training process in this age group.

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Observed and predicted ages at peak height velocity in soccer players

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0254659 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. e0254659

Author(s):

Robert M. Malina ◽

Manuel J. Coelho-e-Silva ◽

Diogo V. Martinho ◽

Paulo Sousa-e-Siva ◽

Antonio J. Figueiredo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Peak Height ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Height Velocity ◽

Leg Length ◽

Peak Height Velocity ◽

Sitting Height ◽

Early Maturing ◽

Central Portugal ◽

Offset Time ◽

Age Range

The purpose of the study was to evaluate predicted maturity offset (time before age at PHV) and age at PHV (chronological age [CA] minus maturity offset) in a longitudinal sample of 58 under-13 club level soccer players in central Portugal for whom ages at PHV were estimated with the SITAR model. Two maturity offset prediction equations were applied: the original equation which requires CA sitting height, estimated leg length, height and weight, and a modified equation which requires CA and height. Predicted maturity offset increased, on average, with CA at prediction throughout the age range considered, while variation in predicted maturity offset and ages at PHV within CA groups was considerably reduced compared to variation in observed ages at offset and at PHV. Predicted maturity offset and ages at PHV were consistently later than observed maturity offset and age at PHV among early maturing players, and earlier than observed in late maturing players. Both predicted offset and ages at PHV with the two equations were, on average, later than observed among players maturing on time. Intra-individual variation in predicted ages at PHV with each equation was considerable. The results for soccer players were consistent with similar studies in the general population and two recent longitudinal studies of soccer players. The results question the utility of predicted maturity offset and age at PHV as valid indicators of maturity timing and status.

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Growth, Maturation, and Exercise

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.2015-0026 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 3-7

Author(s):

Jaak Jürimäe

Keyword(s):

Peak Height ◽

Height Velocity ◽

Chronological Age ◽

Leg Length ◽

Peak Height Velocity ◽

Male Youth ◽

Youth Athletes ◽

Sitting Height ◽

Early Maturing ◽

Mean Differences

This study attempted to validate an anthropometric equation for predicting age at peak height velocity (APHV) in 193 Polish boys followed longitudinally 8-18 years (1961-1972). Actual APHV was derived with Preece-Baines Model 1. Predicted APHV was estimated at each observation using chronological age (CA), stature, mass, sitting height and estimated leg length. Mean predicted APHV increased from 8 to 18 years. Actual APHV was underestimated at younger ages and overestimated at older ages. Mean differences between predicted and actual APHV were reasonably stable between 13 and 15 years. Predicted APHV underestimated actual APHV 3 years before, was almost identical with actual age 2 years before, and then overestimated actual age through 3 years after PHV. Predicted APHV did not differ among boys of contrasting maturity status 8-11 years, but diverged among groups 12-15 years. In conclusion, predicted APHV is influenced by CA and by early and late timing of actual PHV. Predicted APHV has applicability among average maturing boys 12-16 years in contrast to late and early maturing boys. Dependence upon age and individual differences in actual APHV limits utility of predicted APHV in research with male youth athletes and in talent programs.

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Biological maturity and the anthropometric, physical and technical assessment of talent identified U16 Australian footballers

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching ◽

10.1177/1747954117710507 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 344-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ashley J Cripps ◽

Christopher Joyce ◽

Carl T Woods ◽

Luke S Hopper

Keyword(s):

Characteristic Curve ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Peak Height ◽

Technical Skill ◽

Height Velocity ◽

State Representation ◽

Peak Height Velocity ◽

Biological Maturation ◽

Australian Football

This study compared biological maturation, anthropometric, physical and technical skill measures between talent and non-talent identified junior Australian footballers. Players were recruited from the under 16 Western Australian Football League and classified as talent (state representation; n = 25, 15.7 ± 0.3 y) or non-talent identified (non-state representation; n = 25, 15.6 ± 0.4 y). Players completed a battery of anthropometric, physical and technical skill assessments. Maturity was estimated using years from peak height velocity calculations. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the variables demonstrating the strongest association with the main effect of ‘status’. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to assess the level of discrimination provided by the strongest model. Talent identified under 16 players were biologically older, had greater stationary and dynamic leaps and superior handball skill when compared to their non-talent identified counterparts. The strongest model of status included standing height, non-dominant dynamic vertical jump and handball outcomes (AUC = 83.4%, CI = 72.1%–95.1%). Biological maturation influences anthropometric and physical capacities that are advantageous for performance in Australian football; talent identification methods should factor biological maturation as a confound in the search for junior players who are most likely to succeed in senior competition.

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Development of Physical Performance Tasks during Rapid Growth in Brazilian Children: The Cariri Healthy Growth Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16245029 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (24) ◽

pp. 5029

Author(s):

Simonete Silva ◽

Hudday Mendes ◽

Duarte Freitas ◽

António Prista ◽

Go Tani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Longitudinal Design ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Peak Height ◽

Height Velocity ◽

Maximal Velocity ◽

Peak Height Velocity ◽

Performance Tasks ◽

Age Cohorts

Growth and physical performance scores were studied around three years of attainment of peak height velocity (PHV). We aimed to estimate the age at peak velocity, or at peak rate, in physical performance tasks, and sex-differences when aligned by biological age. A total of 131 boys and 123 girls, 8 to 14 years of age were recruited from the Cariri region of Brazil. A mixed longitudinal design was used with four overlapping age cohorts: 8, 10, 12, and 14 years, followed for three years, with measurements performed at 6 month intervals. Height, 12 min run (12mR), handgrip strength (HG), standing long jump (SLJ), and shuttle run (SR) velocities were estimated using a non-smooth mathematical procedure. Age at PHV was 13.4 ± 1.6 years in boys compared with 12.2 ± 2.3 years in girls. Maximal velocity in SLJ was attained 6 and 3 months prior to PHV in boys and girls, respectively. For HG, peaks were attained 9 months after PHV in boys and 15 months after PHV in girls. Maximal velocity in 12mR was attained 6 months before PHV in boys and at PHV in girls, whereas a peak in SR occurred 12 months after PHV in both sexes. In conclusion, dynamic changes in physical performance relative to PHV appear similar in both sexes, although sex differences were evident in some motor tests.

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Is the Relationship Between Sprinting and Maximal Aerobic Speeds in Young Soccer Players Affected by Maturation?

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.22.4.497 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 497-510 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Alberto Mendez-Villanueva ◽

Martin Buchheit ◽

Sami Kuitunen ◽

Tsz Kit Poon ◽

Ben Simpson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass ◽

Allometric Scaling ◽

Young Male ◽

Peak Height ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Height Velocity ◽

Peak Height Velocity ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between maximal sprinting (MSS) and aerobic (MAS) speeds in a cohort of highly-trained young male soccer players with the influence of body mass controlled for using allometric scaling. MSS and MAS were obtained in 14 pre-age at peak height velocity (APHV) players (12.3 ± 0.7 years), 21 circum-APHV players (14.3 ± 0.9 year) and 26 post-APHV players (16.9 ± 0.7 years). The three groups showed similar positive correlations between MSS and MAS (r = 0.73 to 0.52; p < .01). In conclusion, our results suggest that the relationship between MSS and MAS is not affected by maturation.

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Effect of biological maturation on gross motor coordination in boys: a mediation analysis

Fisioterapia em Movimento ◽

10.1590/1980-5918.032.ao65 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

Author(s):

Douglas Henrique Bezerra-Santos ◽

Leonardo Gomes de Oliveira Luz ◽

Braulio Patrick da Silva-Lima ◽

Ingrid Kelly Alves dos Santos-Pinheiro ◽

Arnaldo Tenório da Cunha-Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Motor Coordination ◽

Peak Height ◽

Early Years ◽

Height Velocity ◽

Peak Height Velocity ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Sitting Height ◽

Biological Maturation ◽

Walking Backward

Abstract Introduction: The literature emphasizes the importance of acquiring good motor coordination in the early years of life and its relationship with physical fitness and physical activity during adolescence and adulthood. Objective: To analyze the effect of biological maturation on the motor coordination in boys. Method: The sample was composed by 203 boys between 11 and 14 years old. Height, body mass, sitting height, waist circumference (WC) and skinfolds were measured. Somatic maturation (SM) was assessed by maturity offset (estimated age at peak height velocity). The gross motor coordination was evaluated by Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) battery. Results: The SM exerted an effect on the walking backward on balance beams (WB) mediated by the WC. Conclusion: The results showed that the performance of boys in the WB was negatively influenced by the greater volume of fat in the trunk related to a more advanced state of SM.

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Does Predicted Age At Peak Height Velocity Explain Physical Performance In U13-15 Basketball Female Players?

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1117510/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Karol Gryko ◽

Jakub Grzegorz Adamczyk ◽

Anna Kopiczko ◽

Jorge Lorenzo Calvo ◽

Alberto Lorenzo Calvo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Fitness ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Height ◽

Height Velocity ◽

Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽

Peak Height Velocity ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Basic Body ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background: The aims of the study were (i) to identify the physical fitness and basic anthropometric characteristics of Polish female basketball players aged 13 to 15 years, (ii) to show the effect of maturity timing on the performance in motor tests and basic body composition parameters, (iii) to identify the index that contributes most to the prediction of performance in the tests of speed, jumping ability, agility, and endurance. Methods: The sample included 925 female Polish players (U13-15). In part 1, maturity timing category distribution were examined within across age-groups. In part 2, the relationship between the anthropometric variables, physical fitness performance was assessed based on maturity timing categories (ANCOVA analysis). In part 3, backward stepwise multiple regression analyse quantified the relationship between maturity timing (group of PHV) and physical performance.Results: ANCOVA results (age, body height, and body mass as covariates) showed in the U13 female basketball players significantly higher sprinting (20m), jumping ability and endurance tests results of the PHV1 group.Better results was observed in U14 female players in PHV1 compared to PHV2 and PHV3 in 20m and jumping tests but opposite trend was observed for 5m sprint and endurance test (distance covered and VO2max). U15 basketball players from the PHV3 group were characterized by better results of jumping abilities, endurance, 10m and 20m sprint and agility (total, S4) tests. Maturity timing (10m), chronological age (5 m, 20 m, agility, SVJ, VJ, and VO2max tests), body height (10m), body mass (10m, 20m, VJ, VO2max), and the interaction between body mass and height (SVJ) were significant (adjusted R2 = 0.02-0.10; p < 0.001) predictors of motor skills. Conclusion: The results can help the coaches to personalize training programs and to adapt the training content to the biological age of the players.

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The relationship between peak height velocity and physical performance in youth soccer players

Journal of Sports Sciences ◽

10.1080/02640410500189371 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 221-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 250

Author(s):

Renaat M. Philippaerts ◽

Roel Vaeyens ◽

Melissa Janssens ◽

Bart Van Renterghem ◽

Dirk Matthys ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Performance ◽

Peak Height ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Height Velocity ◽

Peak Height Velocity ◽

Youth Soccer ◽

The Relationship

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Modeling developmental changes in strength and aerobic power in children

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1998.84.3.963 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 84 (3) ◽

pp. 963-970 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Alan M. Nevill ◽

Roger L. Holder ◽

Adam Baxter-Jones ◽

Joan M. Round ◽

David A. Jones

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Multilevel Model ◽

Aerobic Power ◽

Peak Height ◽

Height Velocity ◽

Additional Contribution ◽

Multilevel Regression ◽

Peak Height Velocity ◽

Polynomial Structure ◽

Model Structures

The present study examined two contrasting multilevel model structures to describe the developmental (longitudinal) changes in strength and aerobic power in children: 1) an additive polynomial structure and 2) a multiplicative structure with allometric body size components. On the basis of the maximum log-likelihood criterion, the multiplicative “allometric” model was shown to be superior to the additive polynomial model when fitted to the data from two published longitudinal studies and to provide more plausible solutions within and beyond the range of observations.The multilevel regression analysis of study 1 confirmed that aerobic power develops approximately in proportion to body mass, m 1/3. The analyses from study 2 identified a significant increase in quadriceps and biceps strength, in proportion to body size, plus an additional contribution from age, centered at about peak height velocity (PHV). The positive “age” term for boys suggested that at PHV the boys were becoming stronger in the quadriceps and biceps in relation to their body size. In contrast, the girls’ age term was either negligible (quadriceps) or negative (biceps), indicating that at PHV the girls’ strength was developing in proportion to or, in the case of the biceps, was becoming weaker in relation to their body size.

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The Mediating Role of Lean Soft Tissue in the Relationship between Somatic Maturation and Bone Density in Adolescent Practitioners and Non-Practitioners of Sports

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18063008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 3008

Author(s):

Ricardo R. Agostinete ◽

André O. Werneck ◽

Santiago Maillane-Vanegas ◽

Luis Gracia-Marco ◽

Esther Ubago-Guisado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Sport Participation ◽

Peak Height ◽

Mediating Effect ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Height Velocity ◽

Areal Bone Mineral Density ◽

Peak Height Velocity ◽

Mineral Density

This study aimed to identify the mediating effect of lean soft tissue (LST) in the association between somatic maturation and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in adolescents by sex and sport participation. The sample included 558 adolescents (401 males, mean age of 14.0 years) that were practitioners of sports (11 sport modalities, n = 402) and a non-sport group (n = 157). Somatic maturation was assessed by using a validated peak height velocity prediction equation. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to assess aBMD (upper and lower limbs, spine and total body less head—TBLH) and LST. For both sexes, LST mediated the association between somatic maturation and aBMD at all skeletal sites (mediation percentage ranging from 36.3% to 75.4%). For sport and non-sport groups, the LST also mediated the association between somatic maturation and aBMD at all skeletal sites (mediation percentage ranging from 51.6% to 85.6%). The direct effect was observed in all groups, except for lower limbs and TBLH in the non-sport group. The association between somatic maturation and aBMD was mediated by LST in adolescents of both sexes and regardless of involvement in organized sports. Our findings highlighted the role of improving LST to mitigate the association of somatic maturation with aBMD.

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