scholarly journals Preditores Educacionais para Fixação de Médicos em Áreas Remotas e Desassistidas: uma Revisão Narrativa

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Maria Sampaio Rocha ◽  
Pablo de Almeida Boiteux ◽  
George Dantas de Azevedo ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Gomes Siqueira ◽  
Maria Angélica Carvalho Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Shortage Of Physicians

Abstract: This is an international narrative review study, which had the objectives of identifying and understanding the determining educational aspects for the retention of physicians in remote and unassisted areas. Through search on databases, we selected ten articles about medical education institutions and programs that increased the recruitment and retention levels for their alumni in areas where there was shortage of professionals, which clarified the educational aspects associated to such results, and which were considered as predictors for the retention of physicians. The main predictors found were: selection processes that prioritized the admission of students who were previously linked to places where there was a shortage of physicians; the creation of curricular frameworks based on problem-based methodologies focused on local health issues, with an emphasis in primary care and Family and Community Medicine approaches; and the quality of the educational experiences, especially in the primary care environment in rural or remote areas, which, in turn, involve the educational trajectory and experience of professors, as well as the infrastructure and localization of the medical schools in strategic areas. The placement of school is such areas allow close proximity between the professors to the reality of the vulnerable communities. The results of the review still point out that the retention of physicians in unassisted areas demands the confrontation of social, cultural, economic and political factors, which frequently transcend the governability of educational institutions. They also reiterate the need for a wider conceptual uniformity among research studies in order to ensure more solid scientific evidence about the subject, and the importance of conducting studies that contemplate the Latin-American context, specifically Brazil, where the literature on the topic is still scarce.

scholarly journals Educational Predictors for the Retention of Physicians in Remote and Unassisted Areas: a Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Maria Sampaio Rocha ◽  
Pablo de Almeida Boiteux ◽  
George Dantas de Azevedo ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Gomes Siqueira ◽  
Maria Angélica Carvalho Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Shortage Of Physicians

Abstract: This is an international narrative review study, which had the objectives of identifying and understanding the determining educational aspects for the retention of physicians in remote and unassisted areas. Through search on databases, we selected ten articles about medical education institutions and programs that increased the recruitment and retention levels for their alumni in areas where there was shortage of professionals, which clarified the educational aspects associated to such results, and which were considered as predictors for the retention of physicians. The main predictors found were: selection processes that prioritized the admission of students who were previously linked to places where there was a shortage of physicians; the creation of curricular frameworks based on problem-based methodologies focused on local health issues, with an emphasis in primary care and Family and Community Medicine approaches; and the quality of the educational experiences, especially in the primary care environment in rural or remote areas, which, in turn, involve the educational trajectory and experience of professors, as well as the infrastructure and localization of the medical schools in strategic areas. The placement of school is such areas allow close proximity between the professors to the reality of the vulnerable communities. The results of the review still point out that the retention of physicians in unassisted areas demands the confrontation of social, cultural, economic and political factors, which frequently transcend the governability of educational institutions. They also reiterate the need for a wider conceptual uniformity among research studies in order to ensure more solid scientific evidence about the subject, and the importance of conducting studies that contemplate the Latin-American context, specifically Brazil, where the literature on the topic is still scarce.

Women’s Representation in Argentine National and Subnational Governments

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany D. Barnes ◽  
Mark P. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Gender Quotas ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Women's Representation ◽  
Female Presidents ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Women’S Representation ◽  
Successful Case ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Legislative Representation

Tiffany D. Barnes and Mark P. Jones provide an analysis of women’s representation in Argentina. Argentina no longer retains the title of the most successful case of women’s representation in the region. Women’s legislative representation is just over the quota threshold—33%. They point out that the country has had more female presidents than any other Latin American country but lags behind in women’s representation among subnational executives, in national and subnational cabinets, and in party leadership. Gender quotas and electoral rules explain legislative representation, while political factors and informal institutions related to party selection processes for candidate and elected leadership positions are key for executives and parties. The consequences of women’s representation in Argentina have been significant in getting women’s issues represented and increasing men’s and women’s trust in government, and political engagement of women highlights that quotas have had pros and cons for women in Argentina.

The Spanish Translation of Les Leçons de chimie élémentaire: On the Legal Status of Translation and its Various Values

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 201-215
Author(s):  
Tania P. Hernández-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Complex Network ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Spanish Translation ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Translation Rights ◽  
International Legal System ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Legal Battle

Throughout the nineteenth century, European booksellers and publishers, mostly from France, England, Germany and Spain, produced textual materials in Europe and introduced them into Mexico and other Latin American countries. These transatlantic interchanges unfolded against the backdrop of the emergence of the international legal system to protect translation rights and required the involvement of a complex network of agents who carried with them publishing, translating and negotiating practices, in addition to books, pamphlets, prints and other goods. Tracing the trajectories of translated books and the socio-cultural, economic and legal forces shaping them, this article examines the legal battle over the translation and publishing rights of Les Leçons de chimie élémentaire, a chemistry book authored by Jean Girardin and translated and published in Spanish by Jean-Frédéric Rosa. Drawing on a socio-historical approach to translation, I argue that the arguments presented by both parties are indicative of the uncertainty surrounding the legal status of translated texts and of the different values then attributed to translation.

IMPLANTATION OF THE INVASIVE BLOOD PRESSURE CATHETER: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Rezer ◽  
Hélio Penna Guimarães ◽  
Grazia Maria Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Caribbean Literature ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Invasive Blood Pressure

Objective: to describe scientific evidence on the implementation and control of the device for measuring invasive blood pressure (IBP). Methods: integrative review of the literature, based on Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), PubMed, through the Descriptors in Health Sciences (DeCS) and the Medical Subject Headings (MesH): hemodynamic; monitoring; blood pressure; invasive. Articles were selected in English, Portuguese and Spanish, published between 2009 and 2018. The search resulted in a sample of 10 articles. Results: The articles were analyzed and presented in 4 thematic groups according to the information they provided regarding the puncture of the IBP catheter, being: 1- Indications for IBP catheter puncture; 2 -Contraindications and complications resulting from the use of the IBP catheter; 3 -Most indicated puncture sites; 4- Implementation and maintenance of IBP catheter. Conclusion: Further research may contribute to patient care with an IAP device, as well as assisting physicians and nurses in patient care, reducing the risks and potential adverse events of the IAP.

scholarly journals Challenging the status quo: results of an acceptability and feasibility study of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) management pathways in Indonesian primary care

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitriana Murriya Ekawati ◽  
Ova Emilia ◽  
Jane Gunn ◽  
Sharon Licqurish ◽  
Phyllis Lau
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Primary Care Practice ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Primary Care Providers ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders

Abstract Background Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are the leading cause of maternal mortality in Indonesia. Focused HDP management pathways for Indonesian primary care practice have been developed from a consensus development process. However, the acceptability and feasibility of the pathways in practice have not been explored. This study reports on the implementation process of the pathways to determine their acceptability and feasibility in Indonesian practice. Methods The pathways were implemented in three public primary care clinics (Puskesmas) in Yogyakarta province for a month, guided by implementation science frameworks of Medical Research Council (MRC) and the Practical Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM). The participating providers (general practitioners (GPs), midwives, and nurses) were asked to use recommendations in the pathways for a month. The pathway implementation evaluations were then conducted using clinical audits and a triangulation of observations, focus groups (FGs), and interviews with all of the participants. Clinical audit data were analysed descriptively, and qualitative data were analysed using a mix of the inductive-deductive approach of thematic analysis. Results A total of 50 primary care providers, four obstetricians, a maternal division officer in the local health office and 61 patients agreed to participate, and 48 of the recruited participants participated in evaluation FGs or interviews. All of the providers in the Puskesmas attempted to apply recommendations from the pathways to various degrees, mainly adopting preeclampsia risk factor screenings and HDP monitoring. The participants expressed that the recommendations empowered their practice when it came to HDP management. However, their practices were challenged by professional boundaries and hierarchical barriers among health care professionals, limited clinical resources, and regulations from the local health office. Suggestions for future scale-up studies were also mentioned, such as involving champion obstetricians and providing more patient education toolkits. Conclusion The HDP management pathways are acceptable and feasible in Indonesian primary care. A further scale-up study is desired and can be initiated with investigations to minimise the implementation challenges and enhance the pathways’ value in primary care practice.

scholarly journals 463 - Evaluating the Implementation of a Memory Clinic using the RE-AIM model. The experience of the “Memory and Neuropsychiatry Clinic” in Hospital del Salvador, Chile

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (S1) ◽  
pp. 184-185
Author(s):  
T. Leon ◽  
L. Castro ◽  
F. Mascayano ◽  
BA. Lawlor ◽  
A. Slachevsky
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Health Care Service ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Outpatient Services ◽  
Health Care Center ◽  
Dementia Patients

AbstractThe prevalence of dementia in Chile is 1.06 %, meaning that over 200,000 people are affected. In 2017, the Ministry of Health launched the National Plan of Dementia, which proposed establishing a range of health-care services from primary care to Memory Units (MU).MUs have emerged as a new health care service composed of multidisciplinary teams with the goal of improving diagnosis and management of dementia patients.The creation and implementation of a MU should take into consideration the organization of a particular healthcare system. In this context, the evaluation of a Chilean MU might provide information for the standardization and replication of such a health service on a regional basis.The objective of this paper was to evaluate the implementation processes of a MU using the RE-AIM model, a multi-component model aimed to assist the evaluation of the implementation of ongoing programs.Regarding “R” (Reach): from March 2018 up to June 2019, a total of 510 patients were referred and assessed at the Hospital del Salvador. Most patients came from primary care (51.9 %) and from outpatient services at the Hospital (39.2 %), particularly from the Neurology (63.3%) and Psychiatry (16.0 %) departments. We estimated that the MU assessed 5.39% of dementia patients living in the area of referral.In relationship with “E” (Effectiveness): of patients evaluated by the MU, 60 (11%) were discharged. Of these, 41 (66%) were referred to primary health care, 9 (17%) to other outpatient services, 6 (10%) to a specialized mental health care center, and 4 (7%) to a daycare center.Due to the short lifespan of our MU, no other RE-AIM dimensions could be evaluated yet.This was the first evaluation of the implementation of a MU in Chile as part of the Chilean Dementia Plan. It showed that it is possible to implement a MU in a Latin American country and improve access to dementia diagnosis, management, and treatment. Ongoing challenges include continuing to collect clinical data, creating research projects as part of the MU, and developing a MU protocol that can be adopted elsewhere in Chile and other Latin American countries.

scholarly journals Why has COVID-19 not hit the countries like Nepal yet?

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Prasad Pathak ◽  
Tara Gaire ◽  
Mu-Hsing Ho ◽  
Hui chen (Rita) Chang
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Local Health ◽  
First Case ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Health Services Need ◽  
The Government ◽  
Google Search

AbstractNoble CORONA Virus (COVID-19) is an infectious disease similar form of pneumonia/ SARS-CoV-2- impacting globally. The fear of coronavirus looks pandemic, but its severity is uncertain. Nepal was one of the first nine countries outside of China to report a COVID-19 case. Also, its unpredictability of mode or range of surface, the lifespan of the virus, objects of transmission (a distance of air/air currents, living duration in air, humidity, duration on objects, surface). The first case was found in Wuhan in December 2019 in China. The purpose is to summarize the current information about COVID-19 and to explore in terms of why Nepal is not hitting severely, while other countries are on death toll? We summarized the published articles form the web sources and news, Academic Journals, Ministry of health and population Nepal, WHO/CDC update reports/guidelines, Google search engine. Thematic analysis is made to explore the situation. Although, Nepal has a lack of health services, testing kits, advance lab and protecting equipment (PPE), why COVID-19 does not hit Nepal than China, Europe and North America, it still tremendous uncertainty. Is lockdown, isolation, social distance and quarantine the best ways of prevention? The hypothesis is floating globally – do BCG vaccinated countries are safer than non-user OR due to not having enough kits to screen populations at risk for the virus – while lack of testing a big cause for missing case OR Nepalese have better immune systems? It has attracted global attention. We believe that the COVID-19 is still evolving and it is too early to predict of an outbreak in Nepal. The government needs to increase funding for local health departments, begin planning for future epidemics and be prepared to bolster the economy by supporting consumer spending the midst of a serious outbreak. COVID-19 is a serious health challenge for Nepal, but so far the number of death has been lower than was foretell. It is, therefore essential to carry out more scientific evidence to explore results. Nepalese health services need to maintain up than today and follow lockdown, isolation, social distance and an advance screening test kit through the country.

Infective skin conditions in an adult sea-going population

2014 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
J Tanzer ◽  
A Macdonald ◽  
S Schofield
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Family Doctor ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin ◽  
Valentine Leukocidin

AbstractInfective skin conditions represent a significant element of the caseload for sea-going and shore-side clinicians. They are common within the wider military setting due to the frequent requirement to live in close proximity to others in conditions which favour the spread of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) (1, 2). Within the UK civilian population, 24% of individuals see their family doctor for skin conditions each year, accounting for 13 million primary care consultations annually. Of these, almost 900,000 were referred to dermatologists in England in 2009-2010 and resulted in 2.74 million secondary care consultations (3).Several recent articles have highlighted the problem of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Staphylococcus aureus (PVL-SA) infection and carriage in sailors on submarines, and soldiers deployed to Afghanistan (4, 5). However, the majority of published articles relate to land-based military personnel. This article aims to provide an overview of the most common infective skin conditions presenting among Naval personnel (based on the authors’ experience), illustrated by several case studies, together with an approach to their diagnosis and management.

Parasitology Screening of Latin American Children in a Primary Care Clinic

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-283
Author(s):  
Joel L. Bass ◽  
Kishor A. Mehta ◽  
Bonnie Eppes
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Primary Care Clinic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Care Clinic

A screening program based in a Massachusetts community hospital primary care clinic, which included 124 children from 12 different Latin American countries, demonstrated that nearly 35% were carriers of pathogenic parasites. The large majority (83.7%) of these children were asymptomatic at the time of the examination. Although there may be considerable variation based on country of origin, the present results, as well as a review of the literature, suggest this is likely to be a common finding among children born in most regions of Latin America. Compliance with the screening process was significantly higher in groups with higher infection rates and the successive yield in those patients who submitted two or more stool samples revealed that most pathogens were identified in the first sample. Schoolage children were found to have the highest risk for both roundworm infections and multiple parasitic infections. For those children with identified pathogens, nearly 90% received treatment. Current trends in immigration, international adoptions, and special circumstances including day care, family shelters, and increasing numbers of human immunodeficiency virus-infected children have made an appreciation of the extent of parasitosis, and awareness of possible management approaches, an important consideration for primary care physicians in the United States.

Corporal Punishment

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 792-793
Author(s):  
Den A. Trumbull ◽  
DuBose Ravenel ◽  
David Larson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Violence Prevention ◽  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
The United States

The supplement to Pediatrics entitled "The Role of the Pediatrician in Violence Prevention" is timely, given the increasingly serious violence problem in the United States.1 Many of the supplement's recommendations are well-conceived and developed. However, the recommendation to "work toward the ultimate goal of ending corporal punishment in homes" (page 580)2 is unwarranted and counterproductive. Before one advises against a practice approved by 88% of American parents3 and supported by 67% of primary care physicians,4 there should be sufficient scientific evidence to support the proposed change in social policy.

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