scholarly journals Demographic and epidemiological aspects of mortality from penile cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricarlly Soares da Silva ◽  
Ana Carla Martins da Silva ◽  
Suelayne Gonçalves do Nascimento ◽  
Conceição Maria de Oliveira ◽  
Cristine Vieira do Bonfim
Keyword(s):  
Penile Cancer ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

OBJECTIVE: Describing the demographic and epidemiological aspects of mortality from cancer of the penis.METHODS: A cross-sectional study consisting of 183 deaths registered in a public information system on mortality that had penile cancer as the primary cause of mortality. It was used descriptive statistics and the mortality rate was calculated.RESULTS: The mean coefficient of mortality was 0.45/100,000 that is an increase of 19.04%. The demographic data revealed a higher prevalence in men aged 60 years or older (50.8%), brown (54.1%), married (47.6%), retired (24%) and residents of the metropolitan region (44.8%).CONCLUSION: The demographic and epidemiological aspects revealed increase of mortality rates from cancer in the penis.

scholarly journals Determinants of anemia among pregnant women: A hospital based cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3609
Author(s):  
P. Kalpana ◽  
A. Kavitha
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Segment Cesarean Section ◽  
Menstrual History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Background: The objective was to study the determinants of anemia among pregnant women. There is a negative effect on the health of the mother and as well as that of the child due to anemia in women with pregnancy. Death rate is more in women who are pregnant and having anemia. The objective of this study was to study the determinants of anemia among pregnant women.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out among 40 pregnant women over a period of six months. Demographic data like age, residence, occupation etc was recorded. Obstetric data like gravida, parity, previous LSCS was also recorded. The data was presented as means and student’s t test was applied.Results: The mean age was 23.43±3.4 years. Majority were young between the ages of 19-22 years. Majority belonged to urban residents i.e. 57.5%. 20% of the subjects were found to be illiterate. Majority of the mothers were housewives i.e. 82.5%. Majority were multi-gravida i.e. 60%. Majority had no history of abortions in the past i.e. 75%. Out of total 19 repeat pregnancies, majority i.e. 84.2% had lower segment cesarean section. Majority reported that they had normal menstrual history. The mean hemoglobin level was found out to be 7.94 gm/dl. It was found that the mean hemoglobin level did not differ significantly across age, residence, education, occupation, gravidity, history of abortions, type of delivery but differed significantly by abnormal menstrual cycle.Conclusions: Mean hemoglobin level was more in women with normal menstrual history compared to those women with abnormal menstrual history and this difference was found out to be statistically significant. Hence abnormal menses should be promptly treated, hemoglobin assessed.

scholarly journals Oculo-Visual Findings among Industrial Mine Workers at Goldfields Ghana Limited, Tarkwa

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. OED.S9204 ◽  
Author(s):  
GO Ovenseri-Ogbomo ◽  
S Ocansey ◽  
EK Abu ◽  
S Kyei ◽  
SB Boadi-Kusi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Visual Status ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mine Workers

Objective The focus of this study was to evaluate the visual status of mine workers who were directly involved in mining and/or are exposed to the mining environment. Methods A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted. Four hundred and six (406) workers were conveniently sampled for the study. Information on their socio-demographic data was also collected. In addition, all participants underwent ophthalmic examination. Results The mean age of the workers was 41.1 years. Visual impairment was found in 114 (28.1%) of the study population of which refractive error (56.8%) was the major cause. Presbyopia was also observed in 45.5% of the workers with only 30.3% of them wearing near correction. The prevalence of eye diseases were pterygium/pingueculae (25.8%), conjunctivitis (26.8%), suspected glaucoma (15.3%), and cataract (7.4%). Conclusions Visual impairment and eye diseases were found among the miners.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Sleep Disturbances During COVID-19 Pandemic in a Nepalese Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-153
Author(s):  
Avinash Chandra ◽  
Pooja Prakash ◽  
Nabina Sharma ◽  
Ayush Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Insomnia Severity

Objectives: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and news of daily increasing cases inside Nepal and worldwide is adding to the fear that leads to anger, anxiety, frustration, and stress, emotions that directly affect sleep quality. This study aimed to assess sleep disturbances during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Nepalese population.Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 206 Nepali residents who completed anonymous self-administered questionnaires. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) questionnaire was used to measure sleep disturbances before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The gathered data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using SPSS version 20 statistical software.Results: There was a significant variation in sleep disturbances among Nepalese residents before versus after the COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.001). The prevalence of clinical moderate insomnia has increased tremendously in Nepalese individuals. Before the pandemic’s onset, only 3.9% of the participants had moderate to severe levels of clinical insomnia; after its onset, this value increased to 17.5%. The mean ISI scores were 6.35±4.65 and 8.01±6.01 before and after the pandemic’s onset, respectively.Conclusions: Our study findings suggest that people are suffering tremendously with sleep disturbances and calls for further research and active measures to help increase sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Awareness and knowledge of diabetes mellitus among diabetic patients in Puducherry, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1211
Author(s):  
Benil V. ◽  
Dheepan Nayagam B.
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

Background: Diabetes prevalence is high in India and the numbers are increasing every year. Many patients are aware that they have diabetes only when they develop one of its complications. Since there is a paucity of literature on the level of awareness and knowledge about diabetes, this study was done.Methods: It is a cross-sectional study conducted on diabetic patients attending Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Puducherry over a period of two months, using questionnaire. The demographic data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Quantitative data were expressed as percentages.Results: Among 104 diabetics, 60%, 49% and 66% of the patients answered high sugar intake as the cause of diabetes, loss of vision as its complication and diet control as the important measure of treatment of diabetes respectively. Only 30.67% of the patients were aware of the name of the medicine they consume.Conclusions: Awareness and knowledge about diabetes were less in our study populations. Hence it is important to extend the diabetic health programs in mass campaigns to improve their knowledge.

scholarly journals Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Bhuj district: a cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1412
Author(s):  
Vinayak Chauhan ◽  
Kashyap Buch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Test ◽  
Serum Uric Acid Level ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Background: In order to control any disease basic knowledge about the prevalence and risk factors of the particular disease is required.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 2600 individuals aged between 25 and 70 years old were recruited. Participants were selected from the general population residing in Bhuj, Gujarat, India via simple random sampling. Demographic data were collected. Urine and blood test were performed, and the glomerular filtration rate was estimated.Results: One hundred and thirty participants (10%) had CKD. The mean age was significantly higher in the CKD group. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were significantly more prevalent among the participants with CKD than those without CKD (P < 0.001 for both). Proteinuria was significantly associated with CKD, whereas a history of urinary tract infection, a history of nephrolithiasis, smoking, serum uric acid level, lipid profile, and blood glucose level were not.Conclusions: Overall, it seems that CKD is a common health problem in Gujarat, but further studies in other parts of this country is recommended for the better estimation of CKD prevalence. This study shows the importance of screening for CKD.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Endotracheal Tube Cuff Pressure in Intubated Patients in Emergency Department, Operating Rooms, and Icus of Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex in 2018; A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirhossein Orandi ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Mireskandari ◽  
Shahram Samadi ◽  
Negar Eftekhar ◽  
Mostafa Mohammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Cuff Pressure ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Operating Rooms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spss Software

Background: Establishing and maintaining a secure airway using a cuffed endotracheal tube (ETT) is an important step in management of intubated patients. Out-of-range ETT cuff pressure is associated with various complications which could lengthen the hospital stay. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate ETT cuff pressure in intubated patients in the emergency department (ED), operating rooms (ORs), and Intensive Care Units (ICUs) of Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC), Tehran, Iran. Methods: The ETT cuff pressure of 153 patients was measured using a standard manometer. Demographic data and duration of intubation were recorded. The data were analysed using the SPSS software version 16. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: The ETT cuff pressure exceeded the recommended range in 125 out of 153 patients (81.7%). The mean cuff pressure (67.29 cmH2O) was significantly higher than the recommended range (p<0.001). The cuff pressure was higher in patients in the ORs compared to patients in the ED and ICU (OR=8.46, p<0.001). Conclusion: Intubation in the OR can be considered a risk factor for higher-than-normal ETT cuff pressure and subsequent complications. The ETT cuff pressure monitoring by means of a manometer is recommended.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Knowledge and Attitude of Menopaused Women for Breast Cancer Screening: A Cross Sectional Study in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Kohpeima Jahromi ◽  
Nader Sharifi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Health System ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a major public health problem worldwide. Considering the high prevalence and mortality of BC in postmenopausal women, and since the population of Iran is aging, this study aimed to investigate the knowledge and attitude of postmenopausal women in Jahrom, Iran regarding BC screening. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on postmenopausal women referred to Honari Clinic of Jahrom in 2019. To select the samples, 120 women were randomly selected from the existing medical files. Data collection tools included a demographic information questionnaire and the knowledge and attitude questionnaire on BC screening behavior. After explaining the objectives of the research to the participants and obtaining a consent form, the questionnaire was answered by them. The data were entered into SPSS software version 21 and tested by descriptive statistics, chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and one-way ANOVA tests. Descriptive statistics were used to examine demographic data. Results: The level of knowledge of most participants (49.2%) was moderate, and the majority of them (94.2%) had a positive attitude. There was a significant association between the mean score of knowledge and attitude in postmenopausal women with source of information (P = 0.004). Most information came from radio and television, physician, health system staff, and friends and relatives. There was no significant association between the mean score of knowledge and attitude of postmenopausal women with breast-related diseases and family history of BC. Conclusions: The mass media, especially radio and television, as well as physician and health system staff, play an important role in raising women's awareness to increase their participation in BC screening programs.

scholarly journals Managerial intelligence of hospital managers in Sari, Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mohammad Mosadeghrad ◽  
Mahdi Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Educational Background ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Managers ◽  
Top Managers ◽  
The Mean

Background: Managers’ performance mainly depends on their intelligence, knowledge, skills, personality and organization’s structure, culture and resources. Managerial intelligences is vital for hospital managers’ success. This study aimed to measure the managerial intelligence of hospital managers in Sari, Iran. Methods: This descriptive and cross sectional study was conducted in 2017 in Sari, Iran. 294 managers at various managerial levels of hospitals participated in this study. A questionnaire was developed, tested and used for measuring management quotient (MQ). The questionnaire had 3 dimensions including intelligence quotient (IQ), emotional quotient (EQ), and political quotient (PQ). The MQ index ranges between 0 and 1. Higher MQ score indicates better managerial intelligence. SPSS 19 software was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics such as Mean, Standard deviation, Frequency and Percentage, as well as analytic statistics such as T-test, Spearman correlation and Regression was used. Results: The mean score of hospital managers MQ was 0.74 (good). The mean of IQ, EQ and PQ scores were 0.70, 0.77 and 0.75 respectively. A meaningful statistical correlation was observed between IQ and EQ and also between EQ and PQ. Male mangers, top managers, those with higher educational background and those working in logistics departments reported higher MQ. Conclusion: Hospital managers reported high MQ in Sari, Iran. The MQ assessment should be considered as a perquisite for recruiting hospital managers.

Comparison of Heffner Criteria and Light Criteria in Differentiating Exudative and Transudative Pleural Effusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Krishna Chandra Devkota ◽  
S Hamal ◽  
PP Panta
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pleural Space ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Exudative Pleural Effusion

Pleural effusion is present when there is >15ml of fluid is accumulated in the pleural space. It can be divided into two types; exudative and transudative pleural effusion. Tuberculosis and parapneumonic effusion are the common cause of exudative pleural effusion whereas heart failure accounts for most of the cases of transudative pleural effusion. This study was a hospital based cross sectional study performed at Nepal Medical College during the period of January 2016-December 2016. A total of 50 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Pleural effusion was confirmed by clinical examination and radiology. After confirmation of pleural effusion, pleural fluid was aspirated and was analysed for protein, LDH, cholesterol. The Heffner criteria was compared with Light criteria to classify exudative or transudative pleural effusion. Among 50 patients, 30 were male and 20 were female. The mean age of patient was 45.4±21.85 years. The sensitivity and specificity of using Light criteria to detect the two type of pleural effusion was 100% and 90.9%, whereas using Heffner criteria was 94.87%, 100% respectively(P<0.01). There are variety of causes for development of pleural effusion and no one criteria is definite to differentiate between exudative or transudative effusion. In this study Light criteria was more sensitive whereas Heffner criteria was more specific to classify exudative pleural effusion. Hence a combination of criteria might be useful in case where there is difficulty to identify the cause of pleural effusion.

Effect of Medialization of the Trochlear Groove and Lateralization of the Tibial Tubercle on TT-TG Distance: A Cross-sectional Study of Dysplastic and Nondysplastic Knees

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652098781
Author(s):  
Mathias Paiva ◽  
Lars Blønd ◽  
Per Hölmich ◽  
Kristoffer Weisskirchner Barfod
Keyword(s):  
Trochlear Dysplasia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Tibial Tubercle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trochlear Groove ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

Background: Tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance is often used as a measure of lateralization of the TT and is important for surgical planning. Purpose: To investigate if increased TT-TG distance measured on axial magnetic resonance images is due to lateralization of the TT or medialization of the TG. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 84 knees (28 normal [NK], 28 with trochlear dysplasia [TD], and 28 with patellar dislocation without TD [PD]) were examined. The medial border of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) was chosen as the central anatomic landmark. The distance from the TT to PCL (TT-PCL) was measured to examine the lateralization of the TT. The distance from the TG to the PCL (TG-PCL) was measured to examine the medialization of the TG. Between-group differences were investigated by use of 1-way analysis of variance. Results: The mean values for TT-TG distance were 8.7 ± 3.6 mm for NK, 12.1 ± 6.0 mm for PD, and 16.7 ± 4.3 mm in the TD group ( P < .01). The mean values for TT-PCL distance were 18.5 ± 3.6 mm for NK, 18.5 ± 4.5 mm for PD, and 21.2 ± 4.2 mm in the TD group ( P = .03). The mean values for TG-PCL distance were 9.6 ± 3.0 mm for NK, 7.1 ± 3.4 mm for PD, and 5.1 ± 3.3 mm in the dysplastic group ( P < .01). Conclusion: The present results indicate that increased TT-TG distance is due to medialization of the TG and not lateralization of the TT. Knees with TD had increased TT-TG distance compared with the knees of the control group and the knees with PD. The TT-PCL distance did not differ significantly between groups, whereas the TG-PCL distance declined with increased TT-TG.

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