scholarly journals INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION BETWEEN NATIVE AND EXOTIC FRUIT FLY PARASITOIDSIN MIXED ORCHARDS IN MACEIO, ALAGOAS, BRAZIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 901-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAKELINE MARIA DOS SANTOS ◽  
SÔNIA MARIA FORTI BROGLIO ◽  
JÚLIO MARCOS MELGES WALDER ◽  
DJISON SILVESTRE DOS SANTOS ◽  
THIAGO RAMOS SILVA

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to assess the effects of the release and establishment of the exotic parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead, 1905) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and its interspecific competitive relationship with native fruit fly parasitoids in organic and conventional orchards in Maceio, State of Alagoas, Brazil. The exotic parasitoids were reared in the Radio-Entomology Laboratory of the Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, and released (112,350 individuals between five and eight days old) in orchards from June 8 to July12, 2013.Fruit samples were collected randomly every week during one year to assess the D. longicaudata recaptured from plants and fallen fruits on the ground, which were taken to the Entomology Laboratory of the CECA-UFAL, classified and individually placed in plastic containers, containing a layer of 1 cm of sand for pupation of the host larvae. The pupae, obtained after 10 days, were placed in Petri dishes with a layer of sand until the emergence of adults, which were then kept in plastic microtubes, containing ethanol 70%. The release of exotic parasitoids did not displace native species. The same species were found before and after the release in both cultures: Doryctobracon areolatus, Asobara anastrephae, Utetes anastrephae and Opius bellus (Braconidae), Aganaspis pelleranoi (Figitidae) and individuals of the Pteromalidae family. One year after the last release, 44 individuals of the exotic parasitoid were found, showing its establishment in the studied areas.

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Seron Sanches ◽  
Thiago Fernandes Martins ◽  
Ileyne Tenório Lopes ◽  
Luís Flávio da Silva Costa ◽  
Pablo Henrique Nunes ◽  
...  

In the present study, we report tick infestations on wild birds in plots of the Atlantic Forest reforested fragments with native species and plots reforested with Eucalyptus tereticornis in the municipality of Rio Claro, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. A total of 256 birds were captured: 137 individuals of 33 species, in planted native forest; and 128 individuals of 37 species, in planted Eucalyptus tereticornis forest. Nymphs of two tick species were found on the birds: Amblyomma calcaratumand Amblyomma longirostre, the former was more abundant in the fragments reforested with Atlantic forest native species, and the latter in the fragment reforested with E. tereticornis. New host records were presented for A. calcaratum.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Cancino ◽  
Rubén Leal-Mubarqui ◽  
Roberto Angulo ◽  
Cesar Pérez ◽  
Lucy Tirado

Abstract Different densities prerelease packing and times of lethargy in the fruit fly parasitoids Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) were evaluated in order to standardize the process of chilled insect technique for this species. Adults were kept at densities of 0.048, 0.072, 0.096, 0.120, and 0.144 parasitoids/cm2 before release in a México tower, where thermal lethargy was induced at a temperature of 2 ± 2°C for 45 min. Samples of parasitoids were collected to evaluate mortality, survival, fecundity, and flight capacity. All densities showed a similar mortality, both for males (ca. >10%) and females (ca. <7). There was no effect of density on survival and flight capacity in both sexes. On the other hand, fecundity increased with density, 1.66 sons/♀/day, similar to the control. We conclude that a density of 30,000 pupae per cage (0.144 parasitoids/cm2) is adequate for the massive prerelease packaging of the parasitoid D. longicaudata. Regarding the thermal lethargy period, 180 min under 2 ± 2°C conditions, considered as time for management, does not affect the survival, fecundity, and flight capacity of adults. The results obtained are of great utility to establish prerelease packaging parameters for D. longicaudata used in the biological control of Tephritidae fruit fly populations.


2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Anderson Almeida Colmanetti ◽  
Luiz Mauro Barbosa ◽  
Regina Tomoko Shirasuna ◽  
Hilton Thadeu Zarate do Couto

ABSTRACT In Brazil, specifically in São Paulo State, there are guidelines based on the high diversity of tropical forests that instructs the restoration projects in the state (current SMA 32/2014). The main goal of this study was verify the importance and effectiveness of the high diversity of arboreal species originated from a reforestation, and its influence in a woody regenerating composition. We developed a phytosociologic study in a woody regenerating stratum of a nine year old reforestation at a Private Reserve of Natural Heritage (RPPN), in Mogi-Guaçu, São Paulo State. All specimens with height > 30 cm and Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) < 5 cm were evaluated. The woody regenerating diversity was smaller than the overstory diversity and the species composition was similar to the overstory. The Simpson index (1-D) was 0.85, Shannon index (H') was 2.46 and the Pielou index (J') was 0.60. The zoochoric dispersion syndrome was major among the species. Our results suggest that the use of high diversity of native seedlings in a reforestation leads to high diversity of species in woody regeneration stratum, after one decade of planting.


2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leiza Penariol ◽  
Hermione Elly Melara de Campos Bicudo ◽  
Lilian Madi-Ravazzi

The use of open or closed traps in order to standardize the drosophilid collection is still a matter of discussion among researchers. In this paper, comparative data of drosophilid collections, using open and closed traps are presented. The collections were made monthly, during one year, in one fragment of a semidecidual forest located in the São Paulo State, Brazil. The efficiency of the traps was evaluated by the use of community descriptors: population abundance and richness and diversity of species. Closed traps were more efficient than the open ones in relation to the population abundance and the species richness, indicating their adequacy for standardization of drosophilid collection in studies of biodiversity and seasonality.


2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1189-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda de Carvalho ◽  
Fatima Maria de Souza Moreira ◽  
Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira Cardoso

Araucaria angustifolia, commonly named Araucaria, is a Brazilian native species that is intensively exploited due to its timber quality. Therefore, Araucaria is on the list of species threatened by extinction. Despite the importance of soil for forest production, little is known about the soil properties of the highly fragmented Araucaria forests. This study was designed to investigate the use of chemical and biological properties as indicators of conservation and anthropogenic disturbance of Araucaria forests in different sampling periods. The research was carried out in two State parks of São Paulo: Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto do Ribeira and Parque Estadual de Campos de Jordão. The biochemical properties carbon and nitrogen in microbial biomass (MB-C and MB-N), basal respiration (BR), the metabolic quotient (qCO2) and the following enzyme activities: β-glucosidase, urease, and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis (FDA) were evaluated. The sampling period (dry or rainy season) influenced the results of mainly MB-C, MB-N, BR, and qCO2. The chemical and biochemical properties, except K content, were sensitive indicators of differences in the conservation and anthropogenic disturbance stages of Araucaria forests. Although these forests differ in biochemical and chemical properties, they are efficient in energy use and conservation, which is shown by their low qCO2, suggesting an advanced stage of succession.


2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Zucatto ◽  
M.C.C. Aquino ◽  
S.V. Inácio ◽  
R.N. Figueiredo ◽  
J.C. Pierucci ◽  
...  

Considering the proximity of sheep farmers to animals that are possibly diseased or releasing fecal oocysts into the environment and the marked pathogenicity in lambs, the aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and to molecularly characterize the infection by Cryptosporidium spp. in lambs in the South Central region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 193 fecal samples were collected from sheep of several breeds, males and females, aged up to one year. Polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) was used to amplify DNA fragments from the subunit 18S rRNA gene and indicated 15% positivity; sequencing of amplified fragments was possible for 19 samples. Analysis of the obtained sequences showed that the identified species were Cryptosporidium xiaoi for 15 samples, constituting thus the first molecular characterization study of this Cryptosporidium species in Brazil. Cryptosporidium ubiquitum was identified for three samples and Cryptosporidium meleagridis for one sample; the latter two are considered zoonotic species.


Author(s):  
Lucas Souto NACIF ◽  
Wellington ANDRAUS ◽  
Rodrigo Bronze MARTINO ◽  
Vinicius Rocha SANTOS ◽  
Rafael Soares PINHEIRO ◽  
...  

BACKGROUND: Liver transplantation is performed at large transplant centers worldwide as a therapeutic intervention for patients with end-stage liver diseases. AIM: To analyze the outcomes and incidence of liver transplantation performed at the University of São Paulo and to compare those with the State of São Paulo before and after adoption of the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score. METHOD: Evaluation of the number of liver transplantations before and after adoption of the MELD score. Mean values and standard deviations were used to analyze normally distributed variables. The incidence results were compared with those of the State of São Paulo. RESULTS: There was a high prevalence of male patients, with a predominance of middle-aged. The main indication for liver transplantation was hepatitis C cirrhosis. The mean and median survival rates and overall survival over ten and five years were similar between the groups (p>0.05). The MELD score increased over the course of the study period for patients who underwent liver transplantation (p>0.05). There were an increased number of liver transplants after adoption of the MELD score at this institution and in the State of São Paulo (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The adoption of the MELD score led to increase the number of liver transplants performed in São Paulo.


2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Isabel Giuli da Silva Ferreira ◽  
Hilda Fátima Jesus Pena ◽  
Sérgio Santos Azevedo ◽  
Marcelo Bahia Labruna ◽  
Solange Maria Gennari

Abstract Occurrences of gastrointestinal parasites were assessed in fecal samples from 3,099 dogs in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, SP, that were treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of São Paulo Veterinary School. The samples were analyzed using the flotation and centrifugal sedimentation methods. The results were compared with those from previous studies (at different times). The frequency of each parasite was correlated with the dogs’ ages, breeds and gender, as well as the occurrences of diarrhea and the use of anthelmintics, by means of the chi-square or Fisher exact test. Partitioned chi-square tests were used to compare occurrences of each parasite and the times analyzed. Out of the total number of samples, 20.5% were positive and 16.1% (102/635) of these presented more than one genus of parasites. Ancylostoma spp. (7.1%) and Giardia spp. (5.5%) were the most frequent helminths and protozoa, respectively. Ancylostoma spp. was associated (p<0.05) with age (over one year), mixed breeds, sex (male) and no use of anthelmintics. Dogs under one year and mixed breeds were associated with occurrences of Toxocara canis; and younger dogs with Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and Cystoisospora spp. Giardia spp. were also associated with dogs with a defined breed (p<0.05). All the parasites analyzed presented lower incidence in the last period analyzed than in the previous periods.


2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-25
Author(s):  
Maria Gisely Camargos ◽  
Maria de Lourdes Zamboni Costa ◽  
Elisângela de Souza Miranda

O controle biológico aplicado consiste em liberações em massa de predadores ou parasitoides após a criação laboratorial em larga escala. Avaliar o custo de produção do parasitoide Diachasmimorpha longicaudata para controle biológico de moscas-das-frutas irá fornecer uma ferramenta capaz de auxiliar o planejamento, controle e uma forma de apoiar as empresas quanto as suas tomadas de decisão. Este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar e analisar os custos variáveis de produção do parasitoide D. longicaudata, criado em larvas de Anastrepha fraterculus. Para isso, foi utilizada a ferramenta de Custeio Baseado em Atividade [ABC]. Foi acompanhado o processo produtivo para obter o custo variável total de produção em laboratório de pesquisa e biofábrica de inimigos naturais, localizado em Piracicaba, São Paulo. A capacidade de produção de pupas de A. fraterculus parasitadas por D. longicaudata é de um milhão por semana nesse laboratório, sendo que um milhão de pupas representa 34 L, e um mL contém aproximadamente 30 pupas. O custo variável de produção para produzir um milhão de pupas parasitadas por semana foi de R$ 5.919,65. O custo com mão de obra representa 57% do custo total, enquanto o custo com materiais representa 43%. Portanto, o custo de uma pupa parasitada por D. longicaudata foi de R$ 0,0059 considerando um milhão de pupas por semana. A tomada de decisão do produtor em relação ao controle biológico utilizando D. longicaudata dependerá de estudos prévios sobre o parasitoide e cultura pretendida.


Author(s):  
Adriana Rahal Rebouças de Carvalho ◽  
Luana De Aguiar Gonçalves

Introdução: As alterações nas diversas funções orofaciais, como respiração, mastigação, deglutição, fala e voz tem sido cada vez mais comum de encontrarmos em crianças. Respiradores orais são mais propícios a esse tipo de alteração, e, muitas vezes, é necessário realizar amigdalectomia, adenoidectomia ou ambas. Muitos são os casos em que não há melhora das funções orofaciais mesmo após a cirurgia. Objetivo: avaliar as diferenças nas funções: respiração, mastigação e deglutição, na postura e nas estruturas orofaciais em crianças antes e depois de realizar adenoamigdalectomia. Método: realizou-se em oito crianças, avaliação clínica, por meio do protocolo de Avaliação em Motricidade Orofacial da Clínica de Fonoaudiologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo. A primeira avaliação aconteceu um dia antes da cirurgia no Ambulatório de Otorrinolaringologia da Instituição (Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo) e a segunda 20 dias após a cirurgia, na data em que a criança retornou com o otorrinolaringologista, no mesmo local. O teste estatístico utilizado para análise de dados nominais pareados foi o McNemar. Resultados: apesar dos resultados não terem sido estatisticamente significantes, houve melhora nos aspectos como mobilidade de lábios, língua e bochechas, e tônus de lábios, língua e bochechas depois da cirurgia. Nas funções de respiração e deglutição obtivemos uma diferença discreta entre o antes e depois da cirurgia, entretanto, a função de mastigação permaneceu a mesma. Conclusão: conclui-se que as funções orofaciais de respiração, mastigação e deglutição, além da postura e das estruturas orofaciais não apresentaram significância estatística quando comparadas antes e depois da cirurgia de adenoamigdalectomia. Mesmo assim foi observado melhora depois da cirurgia na respiração e deglutição, assim como nos aspectos de mobilidade de lábios, língua e bochechas; tônus de lábios, língua e bochechas. Descritores: Respiração Bucal, Mastigação, Deglutição, Fonoaudiologia, CriançaAbstractIntroduction: Changes in various orofacial functions, such as breathing, chewing, swallowing, speech and voice, have been increasingly common in children. Oral breathers are more amenable to this type of alteration, and tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, or both are often necessary. There are many cases in which there is no improvement in orofacial functions even after surgery. Objective: to evaluate the differences in functions: breathing, chewing and swallowing, posture and orofacial structures in children before and after performing adenotonsillectomy. Method: it was performed in 8 children, clinical evaluation, by means of the Orofacial Motricity Assessment protocol of the Speech Therapy Clinic of Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo. The first evaluation occurred one day before the surgery in the Otorhinolaryngology Outpatient Clinic of Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo and the second 20 days after surgery, on the date the child returned with the otorhinolaryngologist, in the same place. Results: Eight children were evaluated using the McNemar test, a statistical test used for paired nominal data. The results were not statistically significant. However, there was improvement in aspects such as mobility of lips, tongue and cheeks, and tonus of lips, tongue and cheeks. In the functions of breathing and swallowing we obtained a small pre and post surgical difference, however, the chewing function remained the same. Conclusion: it was concluded that the orofacial functions of breathing, chewing and swallowing, besides posture and orofacial structures did not present statistical significance when compared before and after the adenotonsillectomy surgery. Even so, improvement after surgery on breathing and swallowing was observed, as well as mobility aspects of the lips, tongue and cheeks; tonus of lips, tongue and cheeks.Keywords: Mouth breathing; Mastication; Deglutition; Speech, language and hearing science; Child 


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document