scholarly journals WATER BALANCE IN SOIL CULTIVATED WITH FORAGE CACTUS CLONES UNDER IRRIGATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 776-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
POLIANA DE CALDAS PEREIRA ◽  
THIERES GEORGE FREIRE DA SILVA ◽  
SÉRGIO ZOLNIER ◽  
SÉRVULO MERCIER SIQUEIRA E SILVA ◽  
MARCELO JOSÉ DA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Semi Arid

ABSTRACT Forage cactus species may belong to different genera (such as Opuntia and Nopalea), which can result in different water dynamics at the biosphere-atmosphere interface. The objective of this study was to analyze the water balance in soil cultivated with forage cactus clones under different conditions of soil water availability in the Brazilian semi-arid. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Serra Talhada, State of Pernambuco. The crop was subjected to nine treatments arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications in a factorial arrangement of 3x3. The plots were composed of three water availability conditions, with the application of a water depth of 7.5 mm at intervals of 7, 14, and 28 days, and the subplots consisted of three forage cactus clones (IPA Sertânia, Miúda, and Orelha de Elefante Mexicana). The soil water balance (SWB) method was applied, and the ET/ETo ratio was estimated (ET is the actual crop evapotranspiration, and ETo is the reference evapotranspiration) at intervals of 14 days; the results were represented in nine periods of 28 days. There was a difference between SWB components along the cycle and between irrigation conditions (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, ET and rainfall were the most important components in SWB when irrigation was performed. There was no difference in water consumption between forage cactus clones belonging to different genera, resulting in an average of 1.50 mm day-1. The ET/ETo ratio had low magnitude (0.29 ± 0.12), indicating that the ET was more dependent on the water regime than on the atmospheric demand.

scholarly journals Soil Water Balance and Vegetation Dynamics in a Semi-arid Mediterranean Ecosystem

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Ioannis N. Daliakopoulos ◽  
Ioanna Panagea ◽  
Luca Brocca ◽  
Erik van den Elsen
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Vegetation Dynamics ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystem ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Water Balance Models ◽  
Semi Arid

Under arid conditions, where water availability is the limiting factor for plant survival, water balance models can be used to explain vegetation dynamics. [...]

scholarly journals Soil water dynamics and evapotranspiration of forage cactus clones under rainfed conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 515-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thieres George Freire da Silva ◽  
Jorge Torres Araújo Primo ◽  
Magna Soelma Beserra de Moura ◽  
Sérvulo Mercier Siqueira e Silva ◽  
José Edson Florentino de Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Soil Water Dynamics ◽  
Area Index

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate soil water dynamics in areas cultivated with forage cactus clones and to determine how environmental conditions and crop growth affect evapotranspiration. The study was conducted in the municipality of Serra Talhada, in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Crop growth was monitored through changes in the cladode area index (CAI) and through the soil cover fraction, calculated at the end of the cycle. Real evapotranspiration (ET) of the three evaluated clones was obtained as the residual term in the soil water balance method. No difference was observed between soil water balance components, even though the evaluated clones were of different genus and had different CAI increments. Accumulated ET was of 1,173 mm during the 499 days of the experiment, resulting in daily average of 2.35 mm. The CAI increases the water consumption of the Orelha de Elefante Mexicana clone. In dry conditions, the water consumption of the Miúda clone responds more slowly to variation in soil water availability. The lower evolution of the CAI of the IPA Sertânia clone, during the rainy season, leads to a higher contribution of the evaporation component in ET. The atmospheric demand controls the ET of clones only when there is higher soil water availability; in this condition, the water consumption of the Miúda clone decreases more rapidly with the increase of atmospheric demand.

scholarly journals Coupling DSSAT and HYDRUS-1D for simulations of soil water dynamics in the soil-plant-atmosphere system

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vakhtang Shelia ◽  
Jirka Šimůnek ◽  
Ken Boote ◽  
Gerrit Hoogenbooom
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water Dynamics ◽  
Atmosphere System ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Hydrus 1D

AbstractAccurate estimation of the soil water balance of the soil-plant-atmosphere system is key to determining the availability of water resources and their optimal management. Evapotranspiration and leaching are the main sinks of water from the system affecting soil water status and hence crop yield. The accuracy of soil water content and evapotranspiration simulations affects crop yield simulations as well. DSSAT is a suite of field-scale, process-based crop models to simulate crop growth and development. A “tipping bucket” water balance approach is currently used in DSSAT for soil hydrologic and water redistribution processes. By comparison, HYDRUS-1D is a hydrological model to simulate water flow in soils using numerical solutions of the Richards equation, but its approach to crop-related process modeling is rather limited. Both DSSAT and HYDRUS-1D have been widely used and tested in their separate areas of use. The objectives of our study were: (1) to couple HYDRUS-1D with DSSAT to simulate soil water dynamics, crop growth and yield, (2) to evaluate the coupled model using field experimental datasets distributed with DSSAT for different environments, and (3) to compare HYDRUS-1D simulations with those of the tipping bucket approach using the same datasets. Modularity in the software design of both DSSAT and HYDRUS-1D made it easy to couple the two models. The pairing provided the DSSAT interface an ability to use both the tipping bucket and HYDRUS-1D simulation approaches. The two approaches were evaluated in terms of their ability to estimate the soil water balance, especially soil water contents and evapotranspiration rates. Values of thedindex for volumetric water contents were 0.9 and 0.8 for the original and coupled models, respectively. Comparisons of simulations for the pod mass for four soybean and four peanut treatments showed relatively highdindex values for both models (0.94–0.99).

scholarly journals Drought resistance of sugar-cane crop for different levels of water availability in the soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando da S. Barbosa ◽  
Rubens D. Coelho ◽  
Rafael Maschio ◽  
Carlos J. G. de S. Lima ◽  
Everaldo M. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Different Levels

Soil water availability is the main cause of reduced productivity, and the early development period most sensitive to water deficit. This study aimed to evaluate the drought resistance of the varieties of sugar-cane RB867515 and SP81-3250 during the early development using different levels of water deficit on four soil depths. The experiment was conducted at the Department of Biosystems at Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ/USP) in a greenhouse in soil classified as Oxisol, sandy loam texture (Series "Sertãozinho"). Once exhausted the level of available water in the soil, the dry strength of the studied strains are relatively low. Water balance with values less than -13 mm cause a significant decrease in the final population of plants, regardless of the variety, and values below -35 mm, leads to the death of all plants.

Using digital soil hydraulic maps to simulate water balance at the regional scale (southern Portugal) - impact of spatial resolution and modelling approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana R. Oliveira ◽  
Ana Horta ◽  
Tiago Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Geostatistical Simulation ◽  
Southern Portugal ◽  
Soil Hydraulic ◽  
Modelling Approaches

&lt;p&gt;Modelling of soil physical, chemical, and biological processes is critical to improve the understanding of soil functions, the effect of agricultural practices on soil degradation, and appropriate soil management strategies. However, the use of such tools at the regional scale is largely limited by the lack of accurate mapping of soil texture and soil hydraulic properties (SHP). To overcome this limitation, SHP digital maps were obtained using two modelling approaches. One used a national harmonized soil texture database and geostatistical simulation to create soil texture maps which were further used as input data to derive SHP maps using local pedotransfer functions (PTFs). The other approach used SHP maps produced by T&amp;#243;th et al (2017) using soil texture from the product SoilsGrids (Hengl et al, 2017). The SHP maps from both approaches were produced at two spatial resolutions: 250 m and 1000 m. This study aims to evaluate the usefulness of such SHP maps to simulate soil water dynamics and biomass growth at the regional scale using the MOHID-Land model. This model describes the movement of water in the porous medium based on mass and momentum conservation equations that are computed in a 3D grid domain using a finite volume approach. Crop development is simulated using a modified version of the EPIC model. The SHP maps produced using the two modelling approaches and considering two spatial resolutions (250 and 1000 m) were used as inputs for the hydraulic characteristics of soils. Simulations were compared for an irrigation area (Roxo Irrigation District), located in southern Portugal. Results revealed the differences in the components of the soil water balance, with soil inputs from local data being able to better portray landscape heterogeneity.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Hydrodynamic changes of the soil-cactus interface, effective actual evapotranspiration and its water efficiency under irrigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
José E. F. de Morais ◽  
Thieres G. F. da Silva ◽  
Maria G. de Queiroz ◽  
Gherman G. L. de Araújo ◽  
Magna S. B. Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Soil Water Dynamics ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Efficiency Indicators

ABSTRACT The knowledge on soil water dynamics is the basis of crop water management. The soil water balance (SWB) method is used for this purpose. However, its application in cactus may lead to misinterpretation in water efficiency analysis, since it does not consider the amount of water retained in the plant (WRP). This study aimed to evaluate SWB applicability, hydrodynamic changes and water efficiency of forage cactus clones under irrigation. The clones ‘Orelha de Elefante Mexicana’ (OEM), ‘IPA Sertânia’ (IPA) and ‘Miúda’ (MIU) were submitted to irrigation depths (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mm) and frequencies (7, 14 and 28 days), in Serra Talhada, PE, Brazil, between March 2012 and August 2013. The SWB was applied, by adding the WRP in the estimate of the effective actual evapotranspiration (ETrEF). The water efficiency indicators were calculated. The actual evapotranspiration on SWB (ETrSWB) overestimated ETrEF and, like other SWB components, it was affected by the factors irrigation depth, frequency and clone. The clone OEM is the most efficient, due to the use of the WRP, while MIU leads to highest gross economic returns for sale of cladodes as seed. As conclusion, the application of the soil water balance method in areas cultivated with cactus species must be accompanied by WRP.

scholarly journals Irrigation of arugula cultivars in the region of Zona da Mata Mineira

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 1101
Author(s):  
Caio César Silva Alvarenga Correia ◽  
Fernando França da Cunha ◽  
Everardo Chartuni Mantovani ◽  
Derly Jose Henriques Silva ◽  
Santos Henrique Brant Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Plant Water Potential ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Shoot Mass

The region of the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais stands out in the production of vegetables. To achieve the success in this activity, it is important to choose suitable cultivars and apply irrigation correctly. This study aimed to determine the optimum irrigation depth and evaluate new commercial arugula cultivars in the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais. The cultivation was carried out in a greenhouse during three cycles with periods of 33 (January 11, 2016 to February 12, 2016), 36 (March 1, 2016 to April 5, 2016), and 36 (April 12, 2016 to May 17, 2016) days. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with five replications, five irrigation depths (50, 75, 100, 125, and 150% of the crop evapotranspiration-ETc) in the plots, and three arugula cultivars (Antonella, Cultivada, and Folha Larga) in the subplots. A drip irrigation system was used. The parameters evaluated were root depth, root fresh mass, plant water potential, leaf temperature, number of commercial leaves, total number of plants, fresh shoot mass, and water use efficiency. Arugula cultivars did not present differences in their agronomic characteristics. An irrigation depth of the 50% ETc is recommended if the soil moisture is under the field capacity at the beginning of the arugula cycle.

scholarly journals Analysis of soil and vegetation patterns in semi-arid Mediterranean landscapes by way of a conceptual water balance model

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 899-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Portoghese ◽  
V. Iacobellis ◽  
M. Sivapalan
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Mediterranean Landscapes ◽  
Soil Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. This paper investigates the impact of various vegetation types on water balance variability in semi-arid Mediterranean landscapes, and the different strategies they may have developed to succeed in such water-limited environments. The existence of preferential associations between soil water holding capacity and vegetation species is assessed through an extensive soil geo-database focused on a study region in Southern Italy. Water balance constraints that dominate the organization of landscapes are investigated by a conceptual bucket approach. The temporal water balance dynamics are modelled, with vegetation water use efficiency being parameterized through the use of empirically obtained crop coefficients as surrogates of vegetation behavior in various developmental stages. Sensitivity analyses with respect to the root zone depth and soil water holding capacity are carried out with the aim of explaining the existence of preferential soil-vegetation associations and, hence, the spatial distribution of vegetation types within the study region. Based on these sensitivity analyses the degrees of suitability and adaptability of each vegetation type to parts of the study region are explored with respect of the soil water holding capacity, and the model results were found consistent with the observed affinity patterns.

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