PHYSICAL AND BROMATOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COWPEA VARIETIES PREFERRED BY Callosobruchus maculatus (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE) 1

ABSTRACT Cowpea is an herbaceous legume susceptible to several insects and diseases; and the beetle Callosobruchus maculatus is the main pest causing direct losses in the production of this crop. The objective of this work was to assess the physical and bromatological characteristics of beans of cowpea varieties (Bico-de-Ouro, BRS-Novaera, BRS-Guariba and BRS-Tumucumaque) preferred by C. maculatus. Adults of C. maculatus were obtained from a storage unit of cowpea beans. The physical and bromatological characteristics and attractiveness of cowpea beans to insects were evaluated in laboratory. The preferences for oviposition with no choice and attraction to cowpea beans by C. maculatus are not related to the high protein content or physical characteristics of the bean seed coat (thickness and fiber content), since the insects were more attracted to beans of the variety Bico-de-Ouro, which had low crude protein content, the thickest seed coat and high NDF content.

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Protein and iron composition of cowpea leaves: An evaluation of six cowpea varieties grown in Eastern Africa

African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development ◽

10.18697/ajfand.65.13645 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (65) ◽

pp. 9329-9340

Author(s):

JS Okonya ◽

◽

BL Maass ◽

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Protein Content ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Iron Concentration ◽

Eastern Africa ◽

Infrared Spectrometry ◽

Crude Protein Content ◽

Subsistence Farmers ◽

Resource Poor ◽

Cowpea Varieties

Mineral element, protein-energy and micronutrient deficiencies are primary public health concerns in Eastern and Southern Africa. Promoting the consumption of traditional vegetables such as leaves of cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp could provide cheap sources of protein, micronutrients and mineral elements that can improve the nutritional status of resource-poor subsistence farmers. This study evaluated leaves of two Ugandan cowpea landraces (Icirikukwai and Ebelat) in comparison to four Tanzanian varieties (UG-CP-9, Dakawa, Ex-Iseke and IT 93K2045-29) for leaf crude protein and iron contents. Tender vegetable leaves of landraces, four cowpea varieties and all possible 2-way, 3-way and 4-way combinations were harvested from three trial sites in the villages of Serere, Kikota and Kogili in eastern Uganda. Near Infrared Spectrometry (NIRS) was used to determine the crude protein content and iron concentration of open-air dried leaf samples. ANOVA for the leaf crude protein content and iron concentration data was done using the GLM procedure of SYSTAT. Leaf crude protein of Icirikukwai and Ebelat was 33.0 and 31.3%, while iron concentration was 332.8 and 379.4 µg/g, respectively. Leaf crude protein for the individual varieties was highest (31.84 %) in UG-CP9 leaves and lowest (28.02%) in Ex-Iseke variety. Leaf crude protein for 2-way, 3-way and 4-way mixtures was 30.99, 29.98 and 30.32%, respectively. Leaves from Dakawa variety had the highest iron concentration (349.1 µg/g) of the four Tanzanian varieties tested. The mixture involving leaves from all the four varieties had the highest iron concentration values of 266.1 µg/g while 2-way mixtures gave the lowest iron concentration of 253.2 µg/g. Compared to the tested varieties and their mixtures, iron concentration of landraces was not significantly higher. The protein content varied significantly across all the treatments and sites and was relatively high for a plant source. In addition, cowpea leaves are available as food throughout the cropping season and, thus, can be used for improved food security. These benefits, thereby, make cowpea leaves an indispensable tool to improve the nutritional status of resource-poor subsistence farmers in countries where cowpea is grown.

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Pemberian Probiotik Pada Pengolahan Limbah Udang Yang Dimasak Dengan Tekanan Tinggi Terhadap Kandungan Protein Kasar Dan serat Kasar

Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan ◽

10.20473/jipk.v1i1.11701 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 73

Author(s):

Agustono, Ika Agustin Handyani, Mirni Lamid

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Protein Content ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Fiber Content ◽

Crude Fiber ◽

Crude Protein Content ◽

Alternative Feed ◽

Crude Fiber Content ◽

Prawn Waste

Abstract Feed is one of the factors determines the success of a fish farm. Feed-quality feed stuffs that require high quality also, which still rely on imports, especially fish meal and soybean oilcake. Effort to reduce dependence on import of feed stuff is searching for alternative feed stuffs that the quality is quite good, cheap, easily obtained and can reduce cost of production. One of the feed stuff as an alternative source of animal protein feed that need to be examined is the prawn waste. Prawn waste meal enough potential to be used as fish feed with a crude protein content 45.29% and 17.59% crude fiber was alternative feed stuff for fish meal. The usage of prawn waste as a feed stuff should be through the handling and processing to further improve the nutrient value of waste. Prawn waste processing in this research consists of two ways, that is waste cooking prawn on the high pressure (100 kpa), and conducted fermentation by using probiotic. The existence of microorganisms activity during the fermentation process will cause changes of feed stuffs either through physically and chemicals. Probiotic is a microbe colony that is rich in celulolytic, lignolytic and proteolytic bacteria. The aim of this research is to know the influence probiotic on the prawn waste cooked with high pressure to increase the protein content and to decrease the crude fiber content. Method as used in the research is experimental method. Experiment design that used at research is Completely Randomized Design with 4 treatments and replicates 5 times. To get the data is conducted procsimat analysis on the crude protein content and crude fibers from each experimental unit. That result data analyzed with the Analysis of Varian continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results of research is known that dosaged probiotic at process of prawn waste cooked fermentation not different to crude protein contents of the waste cook fermented prawn. Crude fiber content of the waste cook fermented prawn using probiotik (P1, P2, P3) has decreased if compared with waste cooking fermented prawn without using probiotic (P0)

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Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinin Farklı Lokasyonlarından Toplanan Salvia multicaulis VAHL. Türünde Ot Kalite Değerlerinin Belirlenmesi

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v8i7.1492-1496.3373 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 1492-1496

Author(s):

Mehmet Başbağ ◽

Mehmet Salih Sayar ◽

Erdal Çaçan

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Harmful Effect ◽

Matter Content ◽

Fiber Content ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Crude Protein Content ◽

Animal Feeding ◽

Ca:P Ratio

The study was conducted to determine forage quality criteria of Salvia multicaulis VAHL. species collected from different locations of Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey in 2018. Results of statistical analysis of the study data revealed that there were significant differences among the locations for all of the investigated traits. Additionally, among the locations the investigated traits were changed as following; dry matter content (DM) 88.66-91.58%, crude protein content (CP) 16.47-25.37%, insoluble protein content in acid detergent (ADP) 0.8%-1.10%, acid detergent fiber content (ADF) 22.08-29.54%, neutral detergent fiber content (NDF) 29.71-%43.85%, calcium (Ca) content 1.22-1.82%, phosphor (P) content 0.23-0,40%, Ca:P ratio 3.05-6.87, potassium (K) content 1.20-2.58%, magnesium (Mg) content 0.28-0.46% and K/(Ca+Mg) ratio 0.55-1.44. Results of the study revealed that dry forage of Salvia multicaulis species is both rich in terms of crude protein content and having a high digestibility level and its macro minerals content and K/(Ca+Mg) ratio to be sufficient for animal feeding. However, due to its too high level Ca:P ratio than critical top level (2:1), it is important to be careful against the risk of poisoning of animals when the forages of this species are used in animal feeding. Hence, additional research is required to determine the harmful effect of the species on the livestock health.

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Analysis of the chemical composition and properties of the main and side products during the implementation of new technologies for producing ethanol

Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies ◽

10.20914/2310-1202-2020-3-71-77 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 82 (3) ◽

pp. 71-77

Author(s):

N. V. Zueva ◽

G. V. Agafonov ◽

I. Y. Lukinova ◽

A. N. Dolgov

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Enzyme Preparation ◽

Aqueous Suspension ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Fiber Content ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Cellulolytic Enzyme ◽

Protein Supplement ◽

Crude Protein Content

The article studied yeast composition isolated from the separation of the mash, bran separated in the grinding step, as well as a protein supplement obtained by mixing these two products. Crude fat content ranges from 4,7 to 6,2%, crude protein content is 38%, which is 20% lower than in the fodder yeast, but 14% higher than that of the bran. It is also found that the resulting protein product enriched in micro- and macro-elements, as well as readily hydrolyzable and water soluble carbohydrates. crude fiber content is 5,5%, which is almost 2,5 times lower than in the bran. The composition of the feed protein supplement obtained with the introduction at the stage of aqueous suspension of wheat powdery cellulolytic enzyme preparation Viskolaza 150 L and without it. The enzyme preparation was added in the step of preparing aqueous suspensions and wheat powdery dosage of 0,01% by weight of the feedstock. protein feed additives obtained with and without addition of cellulolytic enzyme preparation of high quality crude protein content and protein. Thus, the content of crude protein in the protein with the introduction of an additive in an aqueous suspension of powdery Viskolazy 150 L was 37% whereas 34% without the enzyme preparation. The amount of soluble polysaccharides and the mass fraction of ash were practically at the same level of from 2,4 to 5% and from 5,5 to 7,0%, respectively. fiber content of the protein supplement using Viskolazy 150 L was 4,2-6,1%, which is 2,5 times lower than in the protein supplement obtained without enzyme preparation.

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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR DETERMINATION THE OPTIMAL PERIOD OF PREPARING FODDER FROM PERENNIAL GRASSES

Periódico Tchê Química ◽

10.52571/ptq.v17.n35.2020.86_khudyakova_pgs_1044_1056.pdf ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (35) ◽

pp. 1044-1056

Author(s):

Elena V. KHUDYAKOVA ◽

Hatima K. KHUDYAKOVA ◽

Aleksandra V. SHITIKOVA ◽

Olga A. SAVOSKINA ◽

Anastasiia V. KONSTANTINOVICH

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Information Technologies ◽

Fiber Content ◽

Perennial Grasses ◽

Crude Fiber ◽

Optimal Timing ◽

Crude Protein Content ◽

Digital Technique ◽

Low Protein

The effectiveness of cattle breeding is mostly determined Forage base. Currently, cattle productivity in the Russian Federation is increasing, and this requires a more careful approach to assessing the quality of feed. This primarily applies to such types of feed like hay, silage, haylage, which make up 60-85% in the average daily diet of livestock. The nutritional value of these types of feed depends mostly on the content and ratio of crude protein and crude fiber in perennial grasses when they are harvested. In the early phases of plant development, crude protein predominates in its composition, and the fiber content is insufficient. Therefore, mowing perennial grasses in these terms is irrational. With the growth and development of the plant, its transition to the heading stage, the crude protein content decreases with increasing fiber content. Harvesting perennial grasses at a time when they contain a large amount of fiber and low protein is also irrational since the low protein content in feed does not contribute to the growth of animal productivity. The optimum time for harvesting herbs is considered to be the time when the crude protein content is 14-16%, and crude fiber – 26-28%. Determination the content of these elements is a rather laborious and expensive process, the analysis lasts about three days. Only large agricultural enterprises can afford to carry out such analyses. At the same time, today, there are technologies for remote sensing of crops, which in this case can be carried out using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Currently, with their help, the nitrogen content in plants is determined. The authors of this paper propose a digital technique for remote determination of crude fiber and crude protein, which determines the optimal timing of the harvesting herbs.

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Fractionation of nitrogen compounds and carbohydrates in forages of different ages

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n2p819 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 819

Author(s):

Alexandre Paula Braga ◽

Liz Carolina da Silva Lagos Cortes Assis ◽

Jesane Alves Lucena ◽

Jailma Suerda Silva de Lima ◽

Tatiana Fernanda Barbosa Barreto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Protein Content ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Fiber Content ◽

Wall Material ◽

Mineral Matter ◽

Nitrogen Compounds ◽

Crude Protein Content ◽

Federal Institute ◽

Andropogon Gayanus

The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and protein and carbohydrate fractions in three forage species (Andropogon gayanus Kunth, Cenchrus ciliares L. and Panicum maximun x Panicum infestum) at four cutting ages: 21, 35, 49 and 63 days. Experiments were carried out at the Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte - IFRN, located in the municipality of Apodi- RN, Potiguar West Meso-region. Materials collected in the field were analyzed in the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition (LANA), Federal Rural Semiarid University (UFERSA), Campus Mossoró, RN. Samples were processed, phenated, and analyzed. The analysis conducted included fractionation of nitrogen compounds and carbohydrates and chemical composition (dry matter, mineral matter, crude protein, lipids and fibers) was determined. The forages evaluated showed decreasing crude protein content with increasing cutting age, ranging between 14.9 and 6.2%. Andropogon grass showed the highest crude protein content. The fiber content increased with age. Fiber consisted of 62.4%–70.0% NDF and 30.07%–33.03% ADF. Highest fiber content was recorded for Massai grass, in which case, these two component species showed the highest fractions of intermediate degradation protein (B2), while Andropogon and Buffel Capins showed higher fractions of non-fibrous carbohydrates (A and B1). An increase in the concentration of cell-wall material in the detriment of the cellular content with increasing plant age was observed in the fodder studied. We also observed an increase in the indigestible fraction (C) of proteins and carbohydrates in the species studied.

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Nutritional Dried Matter, Crude Protein and Crude Fiber on Lowland Tidal Grass Fermented by Probiotic Microorganisms for Use Bali Cattle Feed

ANIMAL PRODUCTION ◽

10.20884/1.anprod.2015.17.1.478 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 24 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Muhakka Muhakka ◽

A Wijaya ◽

M Ammar

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Matter Content ◽

Fiber Content ◽

Oryza Rufipogon ◽

Crude Fiber ◽

Crude Protein Content ◽

Crude Fiber Content ◽

Probiotic Microorganism

Abstract. This study was aimed to determine nutritional value of lowland tidal grass fermented by probiotic microorganisms. This study used a completely randomized design and investigated two factors, namely varieties of lowland tidal grass (kumpai tembaga (Ischaemum rugosum), kumpai minyak (Hymenachne amplexicaulis) and kumpai padi (Oryza rufipogon)) and probiotic microorganism concentration (0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 percent). The following parameters were observed, including dried matter content, crude protein content and crude fiber content. The results showed that the use of probiotics have significant effects on crude protein content and crude fiber content. In conclusion, the use of probiotics can improve the nutritional value of grass. The best result was obtained on kumpai tembaga grass (Ischaemum rugosum) fermented with 0.7% probiotic microorganism. Keywords: nutritional evaluation, lowland tidal grass, fermentation, probiotics microorgansms Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan nilai nutrisi rumput tidal dataran rendah yang difermentasi menggunakan mikroba probiotik. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dan mengamati dua faktor, yaitu varitas rumput tidal dataran rendah (kumpai tembaga (Ischaemum rugosum), kumpai minyak (Hymenachne amplexicaulis) dan kumpai padi (Oryza rufipogon)) dan mikroba probiotik (0,3; 0,5; 0,7 dan 0,9 persen). Parameter yang diamati meliputi kandungan bahan kering, protein kasar, dan serat kasar. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan probiotik memiliki pengaruh nyata terhadap kandungan protein kasar dan serat kasar. Dapat disumpulkan bahwa penggunaan probiotik dapat meningkatkan nilai nutrisi dari rumput. Hasil terbaik diperoleh pada rumput kumpai tembaga (Ischaemum rugosum) yang difermentasi menggunakan 0,7% mikroba probiotik. Kata kunci: evaluasi nutrisi, rumput tidal dataran rendah, fermentasi, mikroba probiotik

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