OIL-IN-WATER (O/W) EMULSIONABLE CONCENTRATE OF ISHPINK (Ocotea quixos) WITH THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY

ABSTRACT Ecuador has a vast number of native species with fungicidal, herbicidal, and insecticidal properties, of which several have been studied; however, few plant species have been applied for the development of commercial products. Ocotea quixos is an indigenous plant of the Ecuadorian Amazon that has fungicidal properties. In this work, we focus on developing an emulsifiable concentrate that is physically stable for use in the agricultural industry. The study aimed to determine the appropriate formulation to prepare an emulsifiable concentrate with thermodynamic stability. For the formulation, we used Ocotea quixos essential oil with cinnamaldehyde as an active ingredient, with solvesso 100 as the solvent, two non-ionic emulsifiers (Span-20 and Tween-20), and calcium phenyl sulfonate as an anionic emulsifier to obtain a stable product. The results showed that the OC5C emulsifiable concentrate has the best stability characteristics with the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) within the range of 14 to 16 at room temperature as well as at high and low temperature with a drop size between 3 and 4 µm.

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Reforestation of Abandoned Pastures: Seed Ecology of Native Species and Production of Indigenous Plant Material

Ecological Studies - Gradients in a Tropical Mountain Ecosystem of Ecuador ◽

10.1007/978-3-540-73526-7_40 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 417-429 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

B. Stimm ◽

E. Beck ◽

S. Günter ◽

N. Aguirre ◽

E. Cueva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Material ◽

Native Species ◽

Seed Ecology ◽

Indigenous Plant

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Development and Permeability Testing of Self-Emulsifying Atorvastatin Calcium Pellets and Tablets of Compressed Pellets

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr7060365 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 365 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mine Diril ◽

Yesim Karasulu ◽

Miltiadis Toskas ◽

Ioannis Nikolakakis

Keyword(s):

Drug Release ◽

Drug Transport ◽

Tween 20 ◽

Water Emulsion ◽

Atorvastatin Calcium ◽

Solubility Improvement ◽

Pellet Surface ◽

Oil In Water ◽

Presystemic Metabolism ◽

Oil In Water Emulsion

Self-emulsifying pellets (SEPs) of Atorvastatin Calcium (AtrCa) were developed and processed into tablets (SETs). Self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) composed of oleic acid, Tween 20, Span 80 and N-Methyl-2-pyrolidone gave great solubility improvement and was used as oil in water emulsion for the preparation of SEPs. Due to the high 60% w/w SEDDS content required to achieve a therapeutic dose in the final tablet form, sonication was necessary to improve fluidity and stability. Colloidal silicon dioxide (CSD) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were the solids in the pellet formulation employed at a ratio 7:3, which enabled production of pellets with high SEDDS content and acceptable friability as well. Emulsions were characterized physico-chemically, SEPs for physical properties and reconstitution, and tablets of compressed pellets for mechanical strength, disintegration into pellets and drug release. SEPs compressed with 30% MCC at 60 MPa gave tablets of adequate strength that disintegrated rapidly into pellets within 1 min. Emulsion reconstitution took longer than drug release due to adsorption of SEDDS on CSD, implying dissolution at the pellet surface in parallel to that from the dispersed droplets. Compared to the commercial tablet, drug release from the self-emulsifying forms was faster at pH 1.2 where the drug solubility is poor, but slower at pH 6.8 where the solubility is higher. Permeability and cytotoxicity were also studied using Caco-2 cells. The results showed that drug transport from the apical to basolateral compartment of the test well was 1.27 times greater for SEPs than commercial tablets, but 0.86 times lower in the opposite direction. Statistical analysis confirmed the significance of these results. Toxicity was slightly reduced. Therefore, the increased permeability in conjunction with the protection of the drug being dissolved in the SEDDS droplets, may reduce the overall effect of presystemic metabolism and enhance bioavailability.

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Effects of salts on oxidative stability of lipids in Tween-20 stabilized oil-in-water emulsions

Food Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.11.099 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 197 ◽

pp. 1130-1135 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Leqi Cui ◽

Hyung Taek Cho ◽

D. Julian McClements ◽

Eric A. Decker ◽

Yeonhwa Park

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stability ◽

Tween 20 ◽

Oil In Water

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Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) seed oil-in-water Pickering nanoemulsions stabilised by mixture of sodium caseinate, Tween 20 and β-cyclodextrin

Food Hydrocolloids ◽

10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.09.005 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 934-941 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Ai Mun Cheong ◽

Khang Wei Tan ◽

Chin Ping Tan ◽

Kar Lin Nyam

Keyword(s):

Seed Oil ◽

Sodium Caseinate ◽

Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽

Tween 20 ◽

Oil In Water

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Effect of Vegetable Oil on Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Dayak Onion [Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr.] Extract using Hydrophilic-lipophilic Balance Approach: Formulation, Characterization

International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology ◽

10.25258/ijddt.10.2.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (02) ◽

pp. 210-216

Author(s):

Esti Hendradi ◽

Rahmi Annisa ◽

Mochammad Yuwono

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Particle Size ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Drug Delivery System ◽

Delivery System ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Tween 20 ◽

Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance ◽

Selection Of ◽

Optimal Formula

Eleutherine palmifolia is a typical plant of Kalimantan that has been empirically used by the Dayak people as a cure for various types of diseases. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) is a drug delivery system that can be developed for onion Dayak to improve its absorption profile. Selection of oil phase, surfactant, and cosurfactant have an essential role in SNEDDS of Dayak onion. The aims of this study to determine the effect of the use of vegetable oils on SNEDDS using the HLB approach. Several 40 formulations in each oil phase with HLB ranging between 11 and 15 were screened to acquire stable SNEDDS composition without the presence of phase separation. Formulas optimal obtained F33 (HLB 14) using olive oil at a ratio formula of 1:7:2. F29 (HLB 14), using VCO at a formula ratio of 1:7:2. F14 (HLB 14) uses palm oil at a ratio formula of 2:7:1. The result showed that the optimal formula F33 (olive oil) with 58 nm of the particle size, 84.32 ± 0.00 of the transmittance percentage, 22.00 ± 0,18 of the emulsification time. Formula F29 (VCO) with 19.48 nm of the particle size, 91.78 ± 0.02 of the transmittance percentage, 43.00 ± 0.16 of the emulsification time. Formula F14 (palm oil) with 102 nm of the particle size, 90.93 ± 0.02 of the transmittance percentage, 110 ± 0.34 of the emulsification time. The optimal formula that has good characteristics and stability is the F29 (VCO) formula using tween 20/transcutol as the surfactant, PEG 400, as co-surfactant at a ratio formula of 1:7:2.

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Microemulsion-Based Solid Lipid Nanoparticles As Emulsion Stabilisers

10.32920/ryerson.14662881 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elham H. Hazfi

Keyword(s):

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles ◽

Lipid Nanoparticles ◽

Continuous Phase ◽

Tween 20 ◽

Microemulsion System ◽

Solid Lipid ◽

Oil In Water ◽

Phase Crystal ◽

Surface Active ◽

Oil Water

The preparation and properties of water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions stabilised solely by adsorbed surface-active solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) at the oil-water interface were studied. Monostearin-based SLNs were prepared using food-grade micoremulsions as nanoscle 'reactors'. Hot oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsions (70°C) consisting of monostearin, Tween 20, ethanol and water were crash-cooled to 4°C to promote the liquid-solid transition of the monostearin and thus develop sub-micron solid lipid particles. SLNs obtained from the cooled microemulsions were partially stabilised with addition to lecithin (0.5% w/w) to the microemulsion system. With 2% (w/w) added monstearin, the W/O emulsion was stable for the 14 days of study. The microstructure of the emulsions revealed the presence of two stabilisation mechanisms, namely Pickering-type and continuous phase crystal network stabilisation, which both contributed to slowing dispersed droplet coalescence. Overall, this study demonstrated that surface-active SLNs developed using a microemulsion technique could effectively kinetically stabilise model W/O emulsions.

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Pteris vittata (Chinese ladder brake fern).

10.1079/isc.119837.20203482711 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jeanine Vélez-Gavilán

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Native Species ◽

Pteris Vittata ◽

Native Range ◽

Natural Ecosystems ◽

Natural Habitats ◽

Vast Number ◽

Brunei Darussalam ◽

The Tropics ◽

European Mediterranean Region

Abstract Pteris vittata is a herbaceous fern native to the tropics and subtropics of the Old World. It is mostly found in disturbed and urban areas, usually growing on limestone substrates, including buildings walls, pavement cracks and tombs. Although no details are available on its introduction to areas outside its native range, the dispersal of the species occurs naturally through air-borne spores or by its occasional use as an ornamental. It is reported as an urban weed in the European Mediterranean region and in Lucknow in India. In Azerbaijan it is categorized as a species that has the ability to self-sustain for a certain period of time, but not invading natural ecosystems. P. vittata is categorized in Florida, USA as an exotic species that has increased in abundance or frequency but has yet to alter natural plant communities. P. vittata is reported as invasive on Diego García Island, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Micronesia, Guam, Palau, USA (Florida and Hawaii), Cuba and Brazil. Although there are no data available on its effects on natural habitats or native species, it is still regarded as an invasive species due to the vast number of spores produced.

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Inter-Correlation among the Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Balance, Surfactant System, Viscosity, Particle Size, and Stability of Candelilla Wax-Based Dispersions

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings8120469 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 469 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Martina Lindner ◽

Magdalena Bäumler ◽

Andreas Stäbler

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Emulsion Stability ◽

Physical Stability ◽

Stability Index ◽

Continuous Phase ◽

Tween 20 ◽

Flotation Rate ◽

Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance ◽

Emulsion Stability Index ◽

Candelilla Wax

Owing to a decrease in mineral oil resources, it is crucial to develop packaging materials based on renewable resources. Hence, a water vapor-barrier coating is developed as a natural wax-based dispersion. This dispersion should be stable over the storage time. In this study, the physical stability of a wax-based melt dispersion was analyzed (24 h and 21 days after production), and instability phenomena such as agglomeration, coalescence, and flotation were identified. Furthermore, the inter-correlations among the particle size, viscosity of the continuous phase, physical stability, surfactant chemistry, and hydrophilic–lipophilic balance value were characterized. Particle sizes were described by volume/surface mean d3,2, volume moment mean d4,3, and number mean d1,0 diameter, as well as the span of the volume and number distribution. Stability was characterized by the flotation rate, emulsion stability index, and Turbiscan stability index. Coalescence and agglomeration were not observed after the solidification of the wax particles. A significant correlation was observed for the emulsion stability index, with d3,2, and for flotation rate, with d1,0, d4,3, and viscosity as well, with d1,0, d3,2. Surfactants with hydrophilic–lipophilic balance values of 11–13.5 seem to be the most suitable for stabilizing candelilla wax-in-water suspensions. Particles were smaller, and wax suspensions were better stabilized using Tween 20 and Span 20, compared with Tween 80 and Span 80.

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Molecular Weight of Chitosan Influences Antimicrobial Activity in Oil-in-Water Emulsions

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-67.5.952 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 67 (5) ◽

pp. 952-959 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

S. ZIVANOVIC ◽

C. C. BASURTO ◽

S. CHI ◽

P. M. DAVIDSON ◽

J. WEISS

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Storage Temperature ◽

Corn Oil ◽

Bacterial Count ◽

Tween 20 ◽

Chitosan Oligosaccharide ◽

Initial Inoculum ◽

Antimicrobial Efficiency ◽

Oil In Water

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficiency of chitosans in oil-in-water emulsions. Model emulsions were prepared with 20% corn oil, 1.5% Tween 20, 1.5% Trypticase soy broth, 0.58% acetic acid, and chitosan polysaccharide or chitosan oligosaccharide in concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 0.7%. A control containing HCl was included to determine the role of acetic acid in the overall antibacterial activity. The pH of samples and controls was adjusted to 4.5. Emulsions were inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes (strains Scott A and 310) or Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 (strains 2486 and 2576) at a level of 107 CFU/ml. Inoculated emulsions were incubated at 10 and 25° C for 4 days and analyzed for bacterial count every 24 h. Both tested Salmonella strains were more susceptible to acetic acid than Listeria. However, L. monocytogenes was more affected by chitosan than either Salmonella strain. During the storage at 25° C, initial inoculum in the emulsions with 0.58% acetic acid and 0.1% chitosan polysaccharide was reduced to below the detection limits after 24, 48, 72, or 96 h for L. monocytogenes 310, Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 2576, Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 2486, or L. monocytogenes Scott A, respectively. Chitosan oligosaccharide was less effective against all tested bacteria and showed a concentration-dependent effect. The antimicrobial efficacy of chitosan was reduced at 10° C, and reduction of microbial loads was delayed for approximately 24 h compared with 25° C. Results suggest that addition of 0.1% chitosan polysaccharidewould be sufficient to ensure the microbial safety of oil-in-water emulsions regardless of storage temperature.

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